RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Difficulties with dissociation and emotion regulation are well-documented reactions to early adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Although findings identify dissociation and emotion dysregulation as explaining the relationship between various forms of ACEs and adult psychopathology, less is known about their combined effect in the relationship between ACEs and insecure attachment in adulthood. This study examined the indirect effects of dissociation and emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between early adverse experiences and insecure attachment traits. METHOD: Participants (N = 260) completed an online questionnaire measuring ACEs, dissociation, emotion regulation difficulties, and anxious and avoidant attachment. RESULTS: Results indicated that, after controlling for mental health treatment, dissociation and emotion regulation difficulties explained the relationship between ACEs and insecure (anxious and avoidant) attachment. Emotion regulation difficulties were not a significant predictor of avoidant attachment. CONCLUSION: Findings provide support for greater research on mediating factors in the maintenance of insecure attachment across development and potential implications of dissociation and emotion regulation in clinical and nonclinical populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
RESUMEN
Schizotypal personality pathology (SZP) is a persistent and debilitating problem for a substantial number of people. Research on SZP has typically emphasized its biological and more specifically genetic origins. However, recent research has highlighted the potential influence of trauma on SZP. This research is promising, although it has thus far focused primarily on type of trauma (e.g., different types of abuse vs. neglect in childhood) rather than who perpetrated the trauma. Previous studies on both personality pathology in general and psychotic-spectrum experiences characteristic of SZP in particular have highlighted the influence of trauma perpetrated by someone with whom the trauma survivor was close (i.e., betrayal trauma), although this has not yet been examined with respect to SZP specifically. In this study we examined this, evaluating the influence of trauma with varying degrees of betrayal on SZP in a sample of adults (N = 364) using structural equation modeling. Results suggest that interpersonal trauma in general was associated with higher levels of SZP. Findings further indicate that for women but not men, trauma with a high degree of betrayal was uniquely associated with SZP. These results underscore the potential role of trauma in SZP and have implications for future research on and intervention with people with high levels of SZP.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Severity scale (C-STAT), Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS), Rapid Arterial Occlusion Evaluation (RACE) score, and Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED) scales were designed to aid emergency responder identification of patients with stroke related to large vessel occlusion (LVO). We hypothesized that the addition of a known history of atrial fibrillation (AF) without anticoagulation to currently used scales would improve LVO detection. METHODS: Medical records of patients admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Center with acute ischemic stroke in 2014-2015 were reviewed. LVO identification using the C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED scores and the AF variable were compared using univariable analyses. The areas under the receiver operating curves (AUCs) were then compared for each score, the AF variable, and each score with the addition of the AF variable. RESULTS: The sample included 233 patients without and 188 patients with an LVO. A history of known AF, history of AF with no anticoagulation, and the C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED scores were each associated with LVO in univariable analyses. The AUCs for C-STAT, LAMS, RACE, and FAST-ED were similar. The addition of the known AF and no anticoagulation variable did not appreciably change these AUCs. CONCLUSION: Although known AF with no anticoagulation was associated with LVO in patients with acute ischemic stroke, this historic feature did not improve the accuracy of existing LVO detection scales.
