RESUMEN
The male tail sensory rays in Caenorhabditis elegans are complex copulatory structures, the normal patterning of which requires a number of regulatory genes. Among them, mab-21 specifies the identity of sensory ray 6. By using green fluorescent protein reporters, we identify multiple cis-acting elements that control the developmental expression of mab-21. Traced with a functional mab-21:gfp gene driven by authentic regulatory sequences, mab-21 expression could be detected in hypodermal, neuronal, muscle, and ray cells. We showed here that the expression of mab-21 in the hypodermis and neuronal cells was dispensable for its function in ray 6. In contrast, its expression in the ray 6 structural cell and neurons as conferred by its 3' enhancer was crucial for determining the correct ray 6 identity.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis elegans/embriología , Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Genitales Masculinos/embriología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Caenorhabditis/embriología , Caenorhabditis/genética , Diferenciación Celular , ADN Complementario/metabolismo , Elementos de Facilitación Genéticos , Genes Reporteros , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes , Proteínas del Helminto/biosíntesis , Intrones , Proteínas Luminiscentes/metabolismo , Masculino , Modelos Genéticos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Neuronas/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Homología de Secuencia de Aminoácido , Factores de Tiempo , Transformación Genética , TransgenesRESUMEN
Partial seizures and asymmetric abnormalities seen on electroencephalogram (EEG) are infrequent in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, but when present, can lead to a misdiagnosis of partial seizures. We report four patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy who had generalized spike or polyspike and wave discharges on EEG in addition to clinical and EEG evidence of focality. The clinical course and response to therapy was similar to that in typical juvenile myoclonic epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Electroencefalografía , Epilepsias Mioclónicas/diagnóstico , Epilepsias Parciales/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Edad de Inicio , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapéutico , Carbamazepina/uso terapéutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Epilepsias Mioclónicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Epilepsias Parciales/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Triazinas/uso terapéutico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapéuticoAsunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/etiología , Defectos del Tabique Interatrial/cirugía , Embolia y Trombosis Intracraneal/etiología , Deficiencia de Proteína C/complicaciones , Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/fisiopatología , Trastornos Cerebrovasculares/rehabilitación , Niño , Cognición , Femenino , Humanos , Embolia y Trombosis Intracraneal/complicaciones , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/prevención & control , Warfarina/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Carbon monoxide remains a significant cause of poisoning in children. Cerebral edema is often the cause of significant morbidity and mortality in exposed children. While lesions of the basal ganglia have been well documented, the advent of neuroimaging has allowed antemortem demonstration of infarctions of the globus pallidus and putamen with carbon monoxide intoxication. Acute hydrocephalus following carbon monoxide poisoning has been a rare occurrence. We report a 2 year 6 month-old boy who, to our knowledge, represents the first reported case in which repeat computed tomography documented the evolution of hydrocephalus due to carbon monoxide exposure in a child.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación por Monóxido de Carbono/complicaciones , Hidrocefalia/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Aguda , Preescolar , Humanos , Hidrocefalia/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The effect of the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of hypertonic sodium chloride on plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and oxytocin (OT) was evaluated in conscious freely moving rats. A hypertonic or isotonic NaCl solution was injected into the third ventricle. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored and blood samples were collected. I.c.v. injection of the hypertonic solution resulted in a significant increase in mean arterial pressure (105.3 +/- 2.9 mmHg at time 0 to 124.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg at 5 min, P less than 0.01) and heart rate (350.0 +/- 25.0 bpm at time 0 to 420.8 +/- 13.6 bpm at 20 min, P less than 0.01). Plasma OT increased 4-fold over the basal values 5 min after the injection (4.5 +/- 1.1 to 20.1 +/- 3.2 pg/ml, P less than 0.01), while there was no significant change in plasma ANP (37.3 +/- 9.1 to 46.6 +/- 12.6 pg/ml, n.s.). The control injection produced no significant changes in any parameters. These results show that hemodynamic changes are not necessarily associated with alterations in plasma ANP. Furthermore they suggest that central osmoreceptors are not involved in the control of ANP secretion.