Early anticoagulation after aortic valve replacement with porcine bioprosthesis randomized control trial (ANTIPRO).

OBJECTIVES: Most evidence for anticoagulation (AC) in aortic bioprosthesis is centred on embolic events, bleeding and reintervention risk. The effect of AC on haemodynamics has not been previously assessed. Our hypothesis was that patients with early AC after aortic valve replacement (AVR) with porcine bioprosthesis have better haemodynamics at 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, open-label trial conducted at 2 cardiac surgery centres. All patients undergoing AVR with porcine bioprosthesis were consecutively recruited. The anticoagulated group received warfarin + aspirin and the non-anticoagulated (control) only aspirin. The primary outcome was mean gradient after 1 year of AVR and change in New York Heart Association class. Secondary outcomes were major and minor bleeding, embolic events and prosthetic leak. RESULTS: Of 140 participants in the study, 71 were assigned to the anticoagulated group and 69 to the control group. The mean age of the overall population was 72.4 (SD: 7.1) years. Global EuroSCORE was 7.65 (SD: 5.73). At 1 year, the mean gradient was similar between both groups [18.6 (SD: 1.1 mmHg) and 18.1 (SD: 1.0 mmHg) in the control and anticoagulated groups, respectively, P = 0.701]. No differences in functional class at 3 months or 1 year were found among groups. No differences were found among groups in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of 3 months of oral AC to anti-aggregation treatment was not detected to affect bioprosthetic haemodynamics nor functional class at 1 year after AVR. Likewise, AC does not lead to the higher incidence of complications.

Global Longitudinal Strain Predicts Survival and Left Ventricular Function After Mitral Valve Surgery: A Meta-analysis.

The timing for surgical treatment in patients with primary organic severe mitral valve regurgitation and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) systolic is a challenge since it depends upon LV end systolic dimension and LVEF which may be late markers of LV dysfunction. Echocardiography is the most important tool in the diagnosis of mechanisms, etiology, severity, and hemodynamic consequences of mitral regurgitation. The global longitudinal strain (GLS), a new and sensitive method for the detection of LV dysfunction, might be a useful method for the evaluation of preclinical systolic dysfunction. Nevertheless, its role for predicting postoperative outcomes is not well established. A meta-analysis was performed to address the role of GLS in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and preserved LVEF who underwent mitral surgery. We included studies that compared outcomes according to preoperative GLS in regard to survival and postoperative LV function. We included 2358 patients enrolled in 8 studies. Patients with reduced GLS% had worse long term survival after mitral valve surgery (hazard ratio = 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.26). Patients with preoperatively reduced GLS% had lower LVEF after surgery (mean difference [MD] = -5.06%, 95% CI: -8.97-1.16%) and additionally, patients who presented postoperative LVEF dysfunction had worse preoperative GLS (MD = 4.33, 95% CI: 3.89-4.76). In patients with primary mitral regurgitation, preoperative GLS is a predictor for long term survival and postoperative LVEF. It is a useful parameter to be included when considering early surgery in patients with severe mitral regurgitation and normal LVEF.

Predictive Factors of Mortality in Acute Aortic Dissection and Validity of the EuroSCORE Algorithm in a Small-Sized Cardiac Surgery Institution.

INTRODUCTION: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a devastating surgical emergency, with high operative mortality. Several scoring algorithms have been used to establish the expected mortality in these patients. Our objective was to define the predictive factors for mortality in our center and to validate the EuroSCORE and Penn classification system. METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery for AAD from 2006 to 2016 were retrieved from the institution's database. Preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were collected. Observed and expected mortality was calculated by EuroSCORE. Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to find predictors of operative mortality and survival, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for logistic EuroSCORE, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. RESULTS: 87 patients (27.6% female) underwent surgery for AAD. The mean age was 58.6±9.7 years. Expected and observed operative mortality was 25.8±15.1% and 20.7%, respectively. Penn Aa, Ab and Abc shared similar observed/expected (O/E) mortality ratio. The only independent predictor of operative mortality (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.19-11.09) and survival (HR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.8) was female gender. EuroSCORE showed a very poor prediction capacity, with an AUC=0.566. CONCLUSION: Female gender was the only independent predictor of operative mortality and survival in our institution. EuroSCORE is a poor scoring algorithm to predict mortality in AAD, but with consistent results for Penn Aa, Ab and Abc.

Predictive factors of mortality in acute aortic dissection and validity of the euroscore algorithm in a small-sized cardiac surgery institution

Abstract Introduction: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is a devastating surgical emergency, with high operative mortality. Several scoring algorithms have been used to establish the expected mortality in these patients. Our objective was to define the predictive factors for mortality in our center and to validate the EuroSCORE and Penn classification system. Methods: Patients who underwent surgery for AAD from 2006 to 2016 were retrieved from the institution's database. Preoperative, operative and postoperative variables were collected. Observed and expected mortality was calculated by EuroSCORE. Logistic regression analysis and Cox regression analysis were performed to find predictors of operative mortality and survival, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for logistic EuroSCORE, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: 87 patients (27.6% female) underwent surgery for AAD. The mean age was 58.6±9.7 years. Expected and observed operative mortality was 25.8±15.1% and 20.7%, respectively. Penn Aa, Ab and Abc shared similar observed/expected (O/E) mortality ratio. The only independent predictor of operative mortality (OR: 3.63; 95% CI: 1.19-11.09) and survival (HR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5-4.8) was female gender. EuroSCORE showed a very poor prediction capacity, with an AUC=0.566. Conclusion: Female gender was the only independent predictor of operative mortality and survival in our institution. EuroSCORE is a poor scoring algorithm to predict mortality in AAD, but with consistent results for Penn Aa, Ab and Abc.

The Beneficial Effect of Anticoagulation in Aortic Bioprosthesis is Associated with its Size.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients with aortic bioprosthesis under oral anticoagulation (OA). METHODS: Patients who underwent AVR with bioprosthesiswere prospectively enrolled. They were classified based on postoperative use of OA. Clinical and operative variables were collected. Echocardiographic and clinical follow-ups were performed two years after surgery. The primary outcome evaluated was change in transprosthetic gradient. Secondary outcomes analyzed were change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, major bleeding episodes, hospitalization, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. RESULTS: We included 103 patients (61 without OA and 42 with OA). Clinical characteristics were similar among groups, except for younger age (76±6.3 vs. 72.4±8.1 years, P=0.016) and higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (0% vs. 23.8%, P<0.001) in the OA group. Mean (21.4±10 mmHg vs. 16.8±7.7 mmHg, P=0.037) and maximum (33.4±13.7 mmHg vs. 28.4±10.2 mmHg, P=0.05) transprosthetic gradients were higher in patients without OA. Improvement in NYHA class was more frequent in patients with OA (73% vs. 45.3%, P=0.032). Major bleeding, stroke, and hospitalization were similar among groups. OA was the only independent predictor for improvement of NYHA class after multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-29.4; P=0.028). Stratification by prosthesis size showed that patients with ≤ 21 mm prosthesis benefited from OA. CONCLUSION: Early anticoagulation after AVR with bioprosthesis was associated with significant decrease of transprosthesis gradient and improvement in NYHA class. These associations were seen mainly in patients with ≤ 21 mm prosthesis.

The beneficial effect of anticoagulation in aortic bioprosthesis is associated with its size

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in aortic valve replacement (AVR) patients with aortic bioprosthesis under oral anticoagulation (OA). Methods: Patients who underwent AVR with bioprosthesiswere prospectively enrolled. They were classified based on postoperative use of OA. Clinical and operative variables were collected. Echocardiographic and clinical follow-ups were performed two years after surgery. The primary outcome evaluated was change in transprosthetic gradient. Secondary outcomes analyzed were change in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, major bleeding episodes, hospitalization, stroke, and transient ischemic attack. Results: We included 103 patients (61 without OA and 42 with OA). Clinical characteristics were similar among groups, except for younger age (76±6.3 vs. 72.4±8.1 years, P=0.016) and higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation (0% vs. 23.8%, P<0.001) in the OA group. Mean (21.4±10 mmHg vs. 16.8±7.7 mmHg, P=0.037) and maximum (33.4±13.7 mmHg vs. 28.4±10.2 mmHg, P=0.05) transprosthetic gradients were higher in patients without OA. Improvement in NYHA class was more frequent in patients with OA (73% vs. 45.3%, P=0.032). Major bleeding, stroke, and hospitalization were similar among groups. OA was the only independent predictor for improvement of NYHA class after multivariate logistic regression analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 5.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-29.4; P=0.028). Stratification by prosthesis size showed that patients with ≤ 21 mm prosthesis benefited from OA. Conclusion: Early anticoagulation after AVR with bioprosthesis was associated with significant decrease of transprosthesis gradient and improvement in NYHA class. These associations were seen mainly in patients with ≤ 21 mm prosthesis.

Do Flow and Pulsatility Index within the Accepted Ranges Predict Long-Term Outcomes after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting?

BACKGROUND: Transit-time flow measurement (TTFM) is the gold standard for intraoperative detection of graft failure. Several reports show that TTFM and distal coronary bed quality (DCBQ) may also be useful for midterm detection of graft failure. Nonetheless, there are no data regarding their predictive role on long-term outcomes. METHODS: Patients with three-vessel disease who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in 2006 and received at least one graft to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) or to the first obtuse marginal (OM1) or posterior descending artery (PDA) were included. Baseline characteristics, mean graft flow, pulsatility index, and subjective impression of DCBQ for each coronary territory were collected. Long-term cardiovascular (CV) and overall survival, operative mortality, and new percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 177 patients underwent isolated CABG. The OM1 was grafted in 131 patients, the LAD in 169 patients, and the PDA in 100 patients. Neither DQCB nor TTFM were predictors for new PCI. Independent predictors for overall survival were age, previous acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and DQCB of OM1 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.97; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-7.71). Age, previous AMI, and DCBQ of OM1 (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.39-4.81) were independent predictors for CV survival. CONCLUSIONS: TTFM on patients with functioning grafts does not predict long-term survival or performance of new PCI. Subjective evaluation of distal coronary bed, especially of the OM1, has a strong impact on long-term outcomes.

Lo mejor del Congreso Uruguayo de Cardiología 2019 / The best of the 2019 Uruguayan Congress of Cardiology / O melhor do Congresso Uruguaio de Cardiologia 2019

Resumen: El 35° Congreso Uruguayo de Cardiología tuvo lugar en Punta del Este, del 7 al 9 de noviembre. Como cada año, constituyó una oportunidad de actualización en diferentes áreas de la cardiología, contando con la participación de invitados nacionales e internacionales. Asimismo, se dio a conocer la actividad científica desarrollada por diferentes autores mediante la exposición de temas libres. A continuación, comentamos los siete artículos premiados por el Comité Científico. - Prevención de muerte súbita (PREMUDE) en jugadores de fútbol: 10 años de valoración precompetitiva. - Perfil clínico de la fibrilación auricular en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. - Protocolo de cardio-oncología para el seguimiento de pacientes con riesgo de disfunción ventricular por quimioterapia. - Implicancia del uso del score de calcio coronario en la re-estratificación del riesgo cardiovascular en prevención primaria. - Análisis de la morbimortalidad asociada a implante percutáneo de válvula aórtica: valor de variables clínicas y scores de riesgo a mediano plazo. - Anticoagulación en bioprótesis valvular aórtica. Ensayo clínico randomizado multicéntrico. - Strain global longitudinal del ventrículo izquierdo permite predecir mejoría funcional y sobrevida en pacientes con insuficiencia mitral severa asintomática y función normal. Metaanálisis.

Summary: The 35th Uruguayan Congress of Cardiology was held in Punta del Este in November 7th to 9th. As every year, it was an opportunity to update in different cardiovascular areas with participation of national and international guests. Scientific activity of different authors was also announced, through exposition of several articles. We will comment the seven awarded abstracts. - Sudden death prevention (PREMUDE) in soccer players: 10 years of pre-competitive assessment. - Clinical profile of atrial fibrillation in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. - Cardio-oncology protocol for the follow-up of patients at risk of ventricular dysfunction due to chemotherapy. - Implication of the use of coronary calcium score in the re-stratification of cardiovascular risk in primary prevention. - Analysis of morbidity and mortality associated with percutaneous aortic valve implantation: value of clinical variables and medium-term risk scores. - Anticoagulation in aortic valve bioprosthesis. Multicenter randomized clinical trial. - Longitudinal global left ventricular strain allows prediction of functional improvement and survival in patients with severe asymptomatic mitral regurgitation and normal function. Meta-analysis.

Resumo: O 35º Congresso Uruguaio de Cardiologia, aconteceu em Punta del Este, de 7 a 9 de novembro. Como todos os anos, foi uma oportunidade de atualização em diferentes áreas cardiológicas, graças à experiência de convidados nacionais e internacionais. Também foi anunciada a atividade científica de diferentes serviços, através da exposição de vários artigos. Propomos comentar os sete artigos premiados. - Prevenção de morte súbita (PREMUDE) em jogadores de futebol: 10 anos de avaliação pré-competitiva. - Perfil clínico da fibrilação atrial no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. - Protocolo cardio-oncológico para acompanhamento de pacientes com risco de disfunção ventricular devido à quimioterapia. - Implicação do uso do escore de cálcio coronariano na ré estratificação do risco cardiovascular na prevenção primária. - Análise da morbimortalidade associada ao implante valvar aórtico percutâneo: valor de variáveis clínicas e escores de risco a médio prazo. - Anticoagulação na bioprótese valvar aórtica. Ensaio clínico randomizado multicêntrico. - O strain global longitudinal do ventrículo esquerdo permite predizer melhora funcional e sobrevida em pacientes com insuficiência mitral assintomática grave e função normal. Meta-análise.

Perfil clínico y etiológico de pacientes operados con endocarditis activa. Seguimiento a diez años / Clinical and etiological profile of patients operated on with active endocarditis. Follow-up at 10 years / Perfil clínico e etiológico dos pacientes operados com endocardite ativa. Acompanhamento aos 10 anos

Resumen: Antecedentes: la endocarditis infecciosa es una enfermedad con elevada morbimortalidad, la cual se encuentra en torno al 25%. Aproximadamente el 50% de los casos requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. En nuestro medio se desconocen las características clínicas y evolutivas de pacientes operados por endocarditis infecciosa activa. Objetivos: primario, determinar mortalidad operatoria (MO) y sobrevida a largo plazo; secundario, definir predictores de embolias, complicaciones locales (CL), MO y endocarditis protésica (EP) en la evolución. Métodos: trabajo retrospectivo y analítico. Se identificaron pacientes que recibieron cirugía cardíaca por endocarditis activa entre enero de 2006 y diciembre de 2017. Mediante regresión logística multivariada se identificaron predictores para los objetivos enunciados. Resultados: se incluyeron 101 pacientes. El microorganismo más frecuentemente encontrado fue Staphylococcus aureus (SA) (15,8%). La topografía fue protésica en 20,8%, aórtica en 46,5%, mitral en 23,8% y mitro-aórtica en 13,9%. La MO fue 11,3% y 29,5% (p=0,025), según ausencia o presencia de CL, único predictor independiente de mortalidad (OR=3,38). El 47,5% presentó CL, siendo la más frecuente el absceso (25,7%). Fueron predictores independientes: EP (OR=5,8), endocarditis valvular aórtica (OR=2,9) y sexo masculino (OR=3,5). La incidencia de EP precoz fue 3% y tardía 4%. El 30% de los pacientes adquirió la EI como consecuencia de un procedimiento médico invasivo en los 6 meses previos. De los siete pacientes con EP en la evolución, seis tenían CL (p<0,05). El 31,7% presentaba embolias, resultando predictores independientes: Staphylococcus aureus (OR=4,6), vegetación en el velo mitral posterior (OR=3,2) y antecedente de hipertensión arterial (OR=3,32). La sobrevida a cinco y diez años fue de 88,20%±0,04 y 81,50%±0,05 respectivamente. Conclusiones: la MO de la endocarditis activa en nuestro medio es similar a la reportada internacionalmente. La presencia de CL se asocia a EP en la evolución y resultó ser un predictor independiente de sobrevida a largo plazo, y de MO. La sobrevida a largo plazo es similar a la reportada internacionalmente. Se observó una alta incidencia de agentes intrahospitalarios y procedimientos invasivos como causas probables.

Summary: Introduction: infective endocarditis is a high morbidity and mortality disease, which is about 25%. About fifty percent of patients require heart surgery. In our environment, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of patients operated with active endocarditis are unknown. Objective: primary, determine operative mortality and long-term survival; secondary, define predictors of embolisms, local complications, operative mortality and prosthetic endocarditis in evolution. Methods: retrospective, analytical study. Patients who received cardiac surgery for active endocarditis between January 2006 and December 2017 were identified. Through multivariate logistic regression, predictors were identified for the stated objectives. Results: one hundred and one patients were included. The most frequently found microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%). The topography was prosthetic in 20.8%, aortic 46.5%, mitral 23.8% and mitro-aortic 13.9%. The operative mortality was 11.3% and 29.5% (p = 0.025) according to the absence or presence of local complications , the only independent predictor of mortality (OR = 3.32). Local complications were present in 47.5%, the most frequent were abscess (25.7%), independent predictors were: prosthetic endocarditis (OR=5.8), aortic endocarditis (OR=2.9) and male sex (OR=3.5). The incidence of early prosthetic endocarditis was 3% and late 4%. Thirty percent of patients acquired infective endocarditis as a result of an invasive medical procedure in the previous 6 months. Of the seven patients with prosthetic endocarditis in evolution, six had local complications (p <0.05). Embolic events were present in 31.7% of patients, were independent predictors: Staphylococcus aureus (OR=4.6), presence of vegetation in the posterior mitral leaflet (OR=3.2) and history of hypertension (OR=3.32). Survival at 5 and 10 years was 88.20% ± 0.04 and 81.50% ± 0.05 respectively. Conclusions: operative mortality of active endocarditis in our environment is high and similar to that reported internationally. The presence of local complications is associated with prosthetic endocarditis in evolution and proved to be an independent predictor of long-term survival, and operative mortality. Long-term survival is similar to that reported internationally. A high incidence of in-hospital agents was observed and invasive procedures as probable causes.

Resumo: Antecedentes: a endocardite infecciosa é uma doença com alta morbimortalidade. Requerem tratamento cirúrgico o 50%. Em nosso meio, as características clínicas e evolutivas dos pacientes operados com endocardite ativa são desconhecidas. Objetivos: primário, determinar a mortalidade operatória e a sobrevida a longo prazo; secundário: Definir preditores de embolias, complicações locais, mortalidade operatória e endocardite protética na evolução. Métodos: trabalho retrospectivo, analítico. Foram identificados no banco de dados pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de endocardite ativa entre janeiro de 2006 e dezembro de 2017. Através de regressão logística multivariada, os preditores foram identificados para os objetivos estabelecidos. Resultados: cento e um pacientes foram incluídos. Staphylococcus aureus foi o microrganismo mais frequente (15,8%). A topografia foi protética em 20,8%, aórtica 46,5%, mitral 23,8% e mitroaórtica 13,9%. A mortalidade operatória foi de 11,3% e 29,5% (p = 0,025), de acordo com a ausência ou presença de complicações locais, o único preditor independente de mortalidade (OR). Um 47,5% apresentaram complicações locais, sendo o mais frequente o abscesso (25,7%). Os preditores independentes foram: endocardite protética (OR = 5,8), endocardite valvar aórtica (OR=2,9)) e sexo masculino (OR = 3,5). A incidência de endocardite protética precoce foi de 3% e tardia de 4%. Trinta por cento dos pacientes adquiriram endocardite infecciosa como resultado de um procedimento médico invasivo nos 6 meses anteriores. Dos pacientes com endocardite protética na evolução, 85,7% apresentava complicações locais (p <0,05). O 31,7% apresentava embolia, resultando em preditores independentes: Staphylococcus aureus (OR = 4,6), vegetação no véu mitral posterior (OR = 3,2) e história de hipertensão arterial (OR = 3,32). A sobrevida em 5 e 10 anos foi de 88,20% ± 0,04 e 81,50% ± 0,05, respectivamente. Conclusões: a mortalidade operatória da endocardite ativa em nosso ambiente é alto e semelhante ao relatado internacionalmente. A presença de complicações locais está associada à endocardite protética na evolução e provou ser um preditor independente de sobrevida a longo prazo e mortalidade operatória. A sobrevivência a longo prazo é semelhante à relatada internacionalmente. Foi observada alta incidência de agentes hospitalares e procedimentos invasivos como causas prováveis.

Uso de NT-proBNP como predictor de evolución en el posoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca / Use of NT-proBNP to predict postoperative evolution in cardiac surgery / Uso do NT-proBNP como preditor de evolução no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca

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Summary: Introduction: the amino-terminal pro brain-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in heart failure. Its use as a prognosis predictor of postoperative evolution in cardiac surgery has not been established. Objective: to determine if the value of preoperative NT in cardiac surgery is associated with postoperative evolution parameters. Primary objective: to evaluate its association with the length of stay in intensive care unit. Secondary objectives: to evaluate its association with the time of mechanical ventilation and inotropic agents requirements. To determine the evolution of NT-proBNP concentration after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: multicentric retrospective study, endorsed by the Research Committee of the National Institute of Cardiac Surgery and the Ethic Research Committee of the Clinic Hospital. It included patients who underwent cardiac surgery between March and August 2018. NT-proBNP was measured during anesthesia induction and after cardiopulmonary bypass. A possible association of preoperative NT-proBNP with risk factors and type of procedure performed was studied. By analysing the ROC curve, the area under curve (AUC) was calculated and then, the best cut-off value of NT-proBNP to predict prolonged intensive care unit stay was determined. Intensive care unit stays, mechanical ventilation and inotropic requirements were defined as prolonged when they exceeded 2 days, 6 and 24 hours respectively. Through the use of multivaried logistics, the predicting value of NT-proBNP was determined for each one of the aforementioned variables. A value of alfa 0.05 was considered significant. Results: a total of 155 patients were included in the study. Age, creatininemia, and left ventricular ejection fraction were 65.8±11.4 years, 1.15±1.10 mg/dl and 52.8±11.9% respectively. Female prevalence was 30.3%, arterial hypertension 77.4%, diabetes mellitus 25.2% and dyslipidemia 50.3%. In 42.6% isolated myocardial revascularization was performed, in 12.9% myocardial revascularization plus one or more valve procedures, and in 44.5% isolated valve procedures. In all cases there was a significant reduction between preoperative (443 pg/ml, interquartile range 143-1.193) and postoperative NT-proBNP (362 pg/ml, interquartile range 138-939) (p<0.001). Age, creatininemia, left ventricular ejection fraction, functional classification IV of the New York Heart Association and dyslipidemia turned out to be predictors of preoperative NT-proBNP. Preoperative NT-proBNP was higher in patients with prolonged intensive care unit stay, mechanical ventilation and inotropic requirements. However, it turned out to be an independent predictor only for prolonged intensive care unit stay. (OR=1.62; IC95%:1.11-2.35. p=0.012). The best cut-off value for prolonged intensive care unit stay was 409 pg/ml (AUC=0.68). Conclusion: preoperative determination of NT-proBNP is an efficient tool to predict postoperative evolution. Cardiopulmonary bypass is associated to a significant drop in that marker.

Resumo: Introdução: a porção terminal amino do peptído natriurético tipo B é um biomarcador diagnóstico e prognóstico na insuficiência cardíaca. Seu uso como preditor prognóstico no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca não está estabelecido. Objetivo: determinar se o valor de NT-proBNP no período pré-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca está associado a parâmetros de evolução pós-operatória. Objetivo primário: avaliar sua associação com tempo prolongado de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. Objetivos secundários: associação com tempo de ventilação mecânica e necessidade inotrópica. Determinar a evolução da concentração de NT-proBNP após circulação extracorpórea. Método: estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo endossado pelo Comitê de Pesquisa do Instituto Nacional de Cirurgia Cardíaco e pelo Comitê de Ética da Pesquisa do Hospital da Clínica. Foram incluídos pacientes operados de março a agosto de 2018. O NT-proBNP foi dosado durante a indução anestésica e após a circulação extracorpórea. O NT-proBNP foi comparado de acordo com os fatores de risco e procedimentos realizados. A área da curva (AUC) foi determinada pela análise da curva ROC e o melhor ponto de corte NT-proBNP foi estabelecido na previsão do tempo prolongado de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva. O tempo de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, tempo de ventilação mecânica e necessidade inotrópica prolongada foram definidos como maiores que 2 dias, 6 e 24 horas, respectivamente. Um alfa de 0,05 foi considerado significativo. Resultados: 155 pacientes foram incluídos. Idade, creatininemia e fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo foram 65,8± 11,4 anos, 1,15 ± 1,10 mg/dl e 52,8 ± 11,9 %, respectivamente. A prevalência do sexo feminino foi 30,3%, hipertensão arterial 77,4%, diabetes mellitus 25,2% e dislipidemia 50,3%. Em 42,6%, foi realizada revascularização do miocárdio isolada, em 12,9% revascularização do miocárdio associada a um ou mais procedimentos valvares, e em 44,5% procedimentos puros da válvula. Em todos os casos, houve uma diminuição significativa entre o pré-operatório (443 pg/ml, rango interquartílico 143-1.193) e o pós-operatório de NT-proBNP (362 pg/ml, rango interquartilico 138-939) (p <0,001). Idade, cretininemia, fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo, classe funcional IV da New York Heart Association e dislipidemia foram preditores de NT-proBNP pré-operatório. NT-proBNP pré-operatório foi elevado em pacientes com tempo prolongado de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva, tempo de ventilação mecânica e necessidade inotrópica prolongada, mas apenas acabou por ser preditor independente em internação prolongada em unidade de terapia intensiva (OR=1,62; IC95%:1,11-2,35. p=0,012). O melhor valor de corte para internação prolongada foi de 409 pg/ml (AUC = 0,68). Conclusão: a determinação pré-operatória de NT-proBNP é útil como ferramenta na previsão da evolução pós-operatória. A circulação extracorpórea está associada a uma diminuição significativa desse marcador.

Endocarditis infecciosa a Staphylococcus caprae con múltiples embolias preoperatorias graves y vegetación mitral gigante residual / Infectious endocarditis to Staphylococcus caprae with multiple severe preoperative embolisms and residual giant mitral vegetation / Endocardite infecciosa para Staphylococcus caprae com múltiplos embolismos pré-operatórios severos e vegetação mitral gigante residual

Resumen: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una enfermedad infrecuente, heterogénea en su presentación, con una alta mortalidad global y frecuente indicación de cirugía cardíaca. Presentamos el caso de una joven con EI a S. caprae y múltiples embolias preoperatorias graves. Dado que se presenta al ingreso con infección en curso, absceso esplénico y vegetación remanente de muy alto riesgo embólico, plantea un dilema terapéutico en cuanto a oportunidad quirúrgica y orden en que deben resolverse las complicaciones de su enfermedad infecciosa. En este caso se procedió a cirugía vascular, posteriormente esplenectomía y por último cirugía valvular, todas en breve plazo, logrando resolver la patología integralmente y sin complicaciones.

Summary: Infective endocarditis is an infrequent disease, heterogeneous presentation, with high mortality, and frequent indication of heart surgery. We introduce the case of a young woman, with S. caprae infective endocarditis, and multiple preoperative serious emboli. Since she presents at admission with infection in progress, splenic abscess and mitral vegetation with high embolic risk, it poses a therapeutic dilemma regarding surgical opportunity and the order in which the complications should be resolved. In this case we proceeded to vascular surgery, then splenectomy and finally valve surgery, all in a short time, to solve the pathology integrally and without complications.

Resumo: A endocardite infecciosa é uma doença infrequente, de apresentação heterogênea, com alta mortalidade e frequente indicação de cirurgia cardíaca. Apresentamos o caso de uma jovem mulher com endocardite infecciosa a S. caprae e múltiplos êmbolos pré-operatórios graves. Por se apresentar na admissão com infecção em curso, abscesso esplênico e vegetação mitral com alto risco embólico, apresenta um dilema terapêutico em relação à oportunidade cirúrgica e a ordem em que as complicações devem ser resolvidas. Neste caso precedeu à cirurgia vascular, depois à esplenectomia e finalmente à cirurgia valvar, tudo em um curto espaço de tempo, para resolver integralmente a patologia e sem complicações.

Sustitución valvular aórtica: ¿prótesis biológica o mecánica? Estudio comparativo de sobrevida a largo plazo / Aortic valve replacement: biological or mechanical prosthesis? Comparative study of long-term survival

Resumen: Introducción: tanto el uso de bioprótesis como de prótesis mecánicas en la sustitución valvular aórtica (SVA) tiene sus ventajas y desventajas en determinados grupos de pacientes. Datos internacionales no terminan de definir el beneficio a largo plazo de una u otra opción. Objetivo: estudiar el valor predictivo de sobrevida según el tipo de prótesis empleada en los pacientes sometidos a SVA. Métodos: se incluyeron pacientes operados de SVA aislada o asociada a cirugía de revascularización (CRM) desde enero de 2006 hasta diciembre de 2016. Se extrajeron las variables demográficas, operatorias y de seguimiento. Para disminuir la heterogeneidad entre ambos grupos se realizó un pareamiento por puntaje de propensión (PP). La sobrevida se evaluó de forma global y según estrato etario (< y ³ 60 años). Definimos el valor predictivo de sobrevida de cada tipo de prótesis mediante regresión de Cox. Resultados: se incluyeron 1.516 pacientes. Se implantó prótesis biológica a 1.230 pacientes (81,1%) y mecánica a 286 pacientes (18,9%). Se logró parear 145 pacientes en cada grupo. No se encontraron diferencias en la mortalidad operatoria ni en las complicaciones posoperatorias evaluadas (incidencia de accidente cerebrovascular [ACV], implante de marcapaso definitivo, requerimiento de diálisis, sangrado y complicaciones asociadas a la anticoagulación) tanto en la población global como luego del pareamiento. El uso de bioprótesis no fue predictor de sobrevida alejada en la población pareada por PP (HR=0,86, IC 95%: 0,51-1,4). En ninguno de los dos estratos etarios el tipo de prótesis fue predictor de sobrevida. Conclusión: en nuestro medio, en los pacientes sometidos a SVA la sobrevida a largo plazo es similar con ambos tipos de prótesis.

Summary: Introduction: the use of bioprosthesis and mechanical prosthesis has its advantages and disadvantages that vary according to each patient. International data do not agree on the long-term benefit in survival of either prosthesis. Objective: evaluate survival and predictive role of type of prosthesis in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). Methods: we included patients who underwent AVR from January 2006 to December 2016. Demographic, operative and follow-up variables were extracted from the institution database. In order to decrease patient heterogeneity, propensity match (PM) was performed. Survival was analyzed globally and according to age strata (< and ³ 60 years old). Predictive role of prosthesis type was evaluated with Cox regression. Results: 1.516 patients were included. Bioprosthesis was used in 1.230 (81,1%) and mechanical in 286 (18,9%) patients; 145 PM patients were evaluated in each group. No differences were found in operative mortality and postoperative complications (stroke, pacemaker, dialysis, bleeding and anticoagulation complications) either in the global population or the PM. Use of bioprosthesis was not an independent predictor for survival in the PM (HR=0.86,95%CI:0.51-1.14). In neither of the age strata was type of prosthesis a predictor of survival. Conclusion: locally, patients who undergo AVR have similar survival regardless of the type of prosthesis.

CABG and Preoperative use of Beta-Blockers in Patients with Stable Angina are Associated with Better Cardiovascular Survival.

OBJECTIVE: In contrast to unstable angina, optimal therapy in patients with stable angina is debated. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with stable angina scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafts and the effect of preoperative use of beta-blockers. Overall and cardiovascular survivals were our primary outcome. Operative mortality and postoperative complications along with subgroup analysis of diabetic patients were our secondary outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of patients with stable angina scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafts was included. Pre- and postoperative variables were extracted from the institution database. Survival was obtained from the National Registry. RESULTS: We included 282 patients with stable angina, with a mean age of 65.6±9.5 years. 26.6% were female and 38.7% had diabetes. Three-vessel disease was present in 76.6% of patients. Previous beta-blocker treatment was evident in 69.9% of patients. 10-year overall survival in the whole population was 60.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.3-70.7%). Operative mortality during the study period was 3.5%. Patients with preoperative use of beta-blocker therapy had better overall survival (9.0 years, 95%CI: 8.6-9.5) than those without treatment (7.9 years, 95%CI: 7.1-8.8 years; P=0.048). Predictors for overall survival were: hypertension, diabetes, and age. Predictors for cardiovascular survival in diabetic patients were: beta-blocker use, gender, and age. CONCLUSION: Coronary artery bypass grafts surgery in patients with stable angina carries low operative mortality, postoperative complications, and excellent long-term cardiovascular survival. The preoperative use of beta-blockers in diabetic patients is associated with better cardiovascular survival after coronary artery bypass grafts.

CANG and preoperative use of beta-blockers in patients with stable angina are associated with better cardiovascular survival

Abstract Objective: In contrast to unstable angina, optimal therapy in patients with stable angina is debated. Our aim was to evaluate the outcomes of patients with stable angina scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafts and the effect of preoperative use of beta-blockers. Overall and cardiovascular survivals were our primary outcome. Operative mortality and postoperative complications along with subgroup analysis of diabetic patients were our secondary outcomes. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients with stable angina scheduled for isolated coronary artery bypass grafts was included. Pre- and postoperative variables were extracted from the institution database. Survival was obtained from the National Registry. Results: We included 282 patients with stable angina, with a mean age of 65.6±9.5 years. 26.6% were female and 38.7% had diabetes. Three-vessel disease was present in 76.6% of patients. Previous beta-blocker treatment was evident in 69.9% of patients. 10-year overall survival in the whole population was 60.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 50.3-70.7%). Operative mortality during the study period was 3.5%. Patients with preoperative use of beta-blocker therapy had better overall survival (9.0 years, 95%CI: 8.6-9.5) than those without treatment (7.9 years, 95%CI: 7.1-8.8 years; P=0.048). Predictors for overall survival were: hypertension, diabetes, and age. Predictors for cardiovascular survival in diabetic patients were: beta-blocker use, gender, and age. Conclusion: Coronary artery bypass grafts surgery in patients with stable angina carries low operative mortality, postoperative complications, and excellent long-term cardiovascular survival. The preoperative use of beta-blockers in diabetic patients is associated with better cardiovascular survival after coronary artery bypass grafts.