RESUMEN
We aimed to compare the ability of diffusion tensor imaging and multi-compartment spherical mean technique to detect focal tissue damage and in distinguishing between different connectivity patterns associated with varying clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis (MS). Seventy-six people diagnosed with MS were scanned using a SIEMENS Prisma Fit 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), employing both conventional (T1w and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) and advanced diffusion MRI sequences from which fractional anisotropy (FA) and microscopic FA (µFA) maps were generated. Using automated fiber quantification (AFQ), we assessed diffusion profiles across multiple white matter (WM) pathways to measure the sensitivity of anisotropy diffusion metrics in detecting localized tissue damage. In parallel, we analyzed structural brain connectivity in a specific patient cohort to fully grasp its relationships with cognitive and physical clinical outcomes. This evaluation comprehensively considered different patient categories, including cognitively preserved (CP), mild cognitive deficits (MCD), and cognitively impaired (CI) for cognitive assessment, as well as groups distinguished by physical impact: those with mild disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] <=3) and those with moderate-severe disability (EDSS >3). In our initial objective, we employed Ridge regression to forecast the presence of focal MS lesions, comparing the performance of µFA and FA. µFA exhibited a stronger association with tissue damage and a higher predictive precision for focal MS lesions across the tracts, achieving an R-squared value of .57, significantly outperforming the R-squared value of .24 for FA (p-value <.001). In structural connectivity, µFA exhibited more pronounced differences than FA in response to alteration in both cognitive and physical clinical scores in terms of effect size and number of connections. Regarding cognitive groups, FA differences between CP and MCD groups were limited to 0.5% of connections, mainly around the thalamus, while µFA revealed changes in 2.5% of connections. In the CP and CI group comparison, which have noticeable cognitive differences, the disparity was 5.6% for FA values and 32.5% for µFA. Similarly, µFA outperformed FA in detecting WM changes between the MCD and CI groups, with 5% versus 0.3% of connections, respectively. When analyzing structural connectivity between physical disability groups, µFA still demonstrated superior performance over FA, disclosing a 2.1% difference in connectivity between regions closely associated with physical disability in MS. In contrast, FA spotted a few regions, comprising only 0.6% of total connections. In summary, µFA emerged as a more effective tool than FA in predicting MS lesions and identifying structural changes across patients with different degrees of cognitive and global disability, offering deeper insights into the complexities of MS-related impairments.
Asunto(s)
Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Esclerosis Múltiple , Sustancia Blanca , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple/patología , Anisotropía , Adulto , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/patología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiologíaRESUMEN
The relationship between brain diffusion microstructural changes and disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains poorly understood. We aimed to explore the predictive value of microstructural properties in white (WM) and grey matter (GM), and identify areas associated with mid-term disability in MS patients. We studied 185 patients (71% female; 86% RRMS) with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), nine-hole peg test (9HPT), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) at two time-points. We used Lasso regression to analyse the predictive value of baseline WM fractional anisotropy and GM mean diffusivity, and to identify areas related to each outcome at 4.1 years follow-up. Motor performance was associated with WM (T25FW: RMSE = 0.524, R2 = 0.304; 9HPT dominant hand: RMSE = 0.662, R2 = 0.062; 9HPT non-dominant hand: RMSE = 0.649, R2 = 0.139), and SDMT with GM diffusion metrics (RMSE = 0.772, R2 = 0.186). Cingulum, longitudinal fasciculus, optic radiation, forceps minor and frontal aslant were the WM tracts most closely linked to motor dysfunction, and temporal and frontal cortex were relevant for cognition. Regional specificity related to clinical outcomes provide valuable information that can be used to develop more accurate predictive models that could improve therapeutic strategies.
Asunto(s)
Imagen de Difusión Tensora , Esclerosis Múltiple , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral , Lóbulo Frontal , AnisotropíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients are at high risk of experiencing anxiety because the clinical processes and therapies they undergo produce strong adverse effects. In this review we discuss the prevalence of anxiety among these patients and examine the methods used for data collection, intervention frequency, types of instruments used to recognize anxiety, and data collection purposes, both in Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma survivors and patients being treated or diagnosed with these diseases. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was carried out using the following sources: PubMed, Scopus, LILACS, and PsycINFO. RESULTS: The meta-analysis sample was n = 2,138 and the overall prevalence of anxiety was 19% (95% CI [12%, 25%]). According to the Egger test, there were no publication biases and no studies were eliminated after the sensitivity analysis. The I2 for the heterogeneity analysis was 92.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients are vulnerable to suffering anxiety. It is important to focus on the psychological effect of anxiety during remission or current cancer treatments because they can affect patient outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Asunto(s)
Ansiedad/etiología , Linfoma/psicología , Adulto , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Nurses in primary health care (PHC) have multiple responsibilities but must often work with limited resources. The study's aim was to estimate burnout levels among PHC nurses. A Quantitative, observational, cross-sectional, multicentre study of 338 nurses working in PHC in the Andalusian Public Health Service (Spain) is presented. A total of 40.24% of the nurses studied had high levels of burnout. The dimensions of emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation were significantly associated with anxiety, depression, neuroticism, on-call duty and seniority-profession and inversely related to agreeableness. In addition, depersonalisation was significantly associated with gender, and emotional exhaustion correlated inversely with age. Personal achievement was inversely associated with anxiety and depression and positively correlated with agreeableness, extraversion and responsibility. There is a high prevalence of burnout among nurses in PHC. Those most likely to suffer burnout syndrome are relatively young, suffer from anxiety and depression and present high scores for neuroticism and low ones for agreeableness, responsibility and extraversion.
Asunto(s)
Agotamiento Profesional/psicología , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/psicología , Atención Primaria de Salud , Logro , Adulto , Ansiedad , Estudios Transversales , Despersonalización , Depresión , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , EspañaRESUMEN
Introducción: La malformación de Chiari tipo I (MC-I) se caracteriza por la existencia de una ectopia de las amígdalas del cerebelo que se sitúan por debajo del foramen mágnum, lo que puede asociarse a fenómenos compresivos del tronco del encéfalo, de la médula espinal alta y de los pares craneales. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes suelen ser las cefaleas occípitonucales y los mareos, aunque el cortejo sintomático puede ser muy extenso. Sin embargo, un aspecto menos conocido es la repercusión de la malformación sobre las alteraciones respiratorias nocturnas y los trastornos del sueño. Fuentes: MEDLINE e información de pacientes con MC-I valorados en los servicios de neurocirugía y neurofisiología del Hospital Universitario Vall dHebron. Desarrollo: Artículo de revisión realizado a partir del análisis de todos los estudios publicados en MEDLINE a partir del año 1966, localizados a través del motor de búsqueda PubMed, utilizando combinaciones de las palabras clave: «Chiari malformation» o «Arnold-Chiari malformation» y «sleep apnea» o «sleep disorders». Conclusiones: Los pacientes con una MC-I presentan una mayor prevalencia de trastornos del sueño que la población general. En algunos estudios el 50% de los pacientes con MC-I presentan un síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño (SAHS), habiéndose descrito incluso casos de muerte súbita probablemente relacionados con estos fenómenos. Estos resultados recomiendan incluir el análisis de los parámetros respiratorios nocturnos en el estudio de los pacientes con MC-I. Identificar la presencia de un SAHS contribuye a optimizar el tratamiento de estos pacientes, mejorando la calidad de vida y su pronóstico
Introduction: Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) is characterised by caudal ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This is associated with brain stem, high spinal cord, and cranial nerve compression phenomena. The most frequent symptoms are occipital headaches and dizziness. Less well-known symptoms are sleep disorders and nocturnal respiratory abnormalities. Sources: MEDLINE and information from patients evaluated at the Neurosurgery and ClinicalNeurophysiology Departments at Hospital Universitario Vall dHebron. Development: Review article based on data obtained from MEDLINE articles since 1966, using combinations of the following keywords: «Chiari malformation» or «Arnold-Chiari malformation» and «sleep apnea» or «sleep disorders». Conclusions: CM-I patients show a higher prevalence of sleep disorders than that observed in the general population. Some studies report a 50% prevalence of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS), probably associated with sudden death in some cases. These results support analysing sleep respiratory parameters in theses patients. Identifying SAHS symptoms may help optimise treatment, thereby improving quality of life and prognosis
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Malformación de Arnold-Chiari/complicaciones , Trastornos Respiratorios/epidemiología , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/epidemiología , Apnea Obstructiva del Sueño/epidemiología , Parasomnias/epidemiología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chiari type I malformation (CM-I) is characterised by caudal ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils through the foramen magnum. This is associated with brain stem, high spinal cord, and cranial nerve compression phenomena. The most frequent symptoms are occipital headaches and dizziness. Less well-known symptoms are sleep disorders and nocturnal respiratory abnormalities. SOURCES: MEDLINE and information from patients evaluated at the Neurosurgery and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments at Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron. DEVELOPMENT: Review article based on data obtained from MEDLINE articles since 1966, using combinations of the following keywords: «Chiari malformation¼ or «Arnold-Chiari malformation¼ and «sleep apnea¼ or «sleep disorders¼. CONCLUSIONS: CM-I patients show a higher prevalence of sleep disorders than that observed in the general population. Some studies report a 50% prevalence of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS), probably associated with sudden death in some cases. These results support analysing sleep respiratory parameters in theses patients. Identifying SAHS symptoms may help optimise treatment, thereby improving quality of life and prognosis.
Asunto(s)
Malformación de Arnold-Chiari/complicaciones , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etiología , Malformación de Arnold-Chiari/patología , Tronco Encefálico/patología , Humanos , Polisomnografía , Calidad de Vida , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/diagnóstico , Síndromes de la Apnea del Sueño/etiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/diagnósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the response to cognitive event-related potentials (P300) in patients with normal-pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) and their relationship with clinical and cognitive status before and after shunt surgery. METHODS: We performed a prospective study in a series of 26 patients with NPH who underwent clinical and cognitive assessment before surgery and 6 months afterwards. Visual P300 potentials obtained before and after treatment were also compared with those obtained in 18 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: Before shunting, the P300 wave was detected in 11 (42.3%) NPH patients, compared with the 18 (100%) volunteers. Six months after shunting, the P300 wave was found in 20 (76.9%) NPH patients. P300 latency was significantly longer in NPH patients than in the control group before surgery, but not at 6 months after surgery. No significant differences in neuropsychological studies or in the level of dependence for daily life activities were found between the subgroups of NPH patients with and without pre-surgical P300 waves, or between changes in P300 parameters and clinical and cognitive changes. CONCLUSIONS: The P300 wave was delayed or undetectable in a substantial percentage of patients with NPH before surgery. These alterations can be reversed by shunting. P300 analysis and neuropsychological tests could be complementary measures to evaluate functional status in patients with NPH.
Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Potenciales Relacionados con Evento P300/fisiología , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/fisiopatología , Actividades Cotidianas , Derivaciones del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo , Humanos , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/cirugía , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, urinary incontinence and dementia, and is associated with variable ventricular enlargement. The most accepted treatment of NPH is the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Owing to the characteristics of the patients and the invasive nature of the surgical treatment, it is fundamental to detect those patients who could obtain a greater benefit from the treatment. Neuropsychological assessment of these patients could significantly contribute to a better diagnosis of NPH, determining a cognitive deterioration profile for these patients, allowing the assessment of treatment efficacy and helping to detect other additional causes of dementia. The aim of this study is to describe the cognitive deterioration profile of NPH patients and to present the clinical, functional and neuropsychological assessment protocol used in our hospital.
Asunto(s)
Protocolos Clínicos , Trastornos del Conocimiento/etiología , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/complicaciones , Presión del Líquido Cefalorraquídeo , Trastornos del Conocimiento/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/cirugía , Comorbilidad , Humanos , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/diagnóstico , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/fisiopatología , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/cirugía , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Pronóstico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Derivación VentriculoperitonealRESUMEN
La hidrocefalia crónica del adulto (HCA), o hidrocefaliaa presión normal, se caracteriza por una alteración de la marcha, una incontinencia de esfínteres y un deterioro cognitivo progresivo, asociado a una dilatación variable del sistema ventricular. El tratamiento habitual consiste en la colocación de un sistema de derivación de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR). Dadas las características de los pacientes y el riesgo implícito de la cirugía, es fundamental realizar un diagnóstico correcto del síndrome para detectar a aquellos pacientes que pueden obtener un mayor beneficio del tratamiento. La valoración neuropsicológica de estos pacientes puede contribuir, de forma importante, al diagnóstico de la HCA, definiendo el perfil de deterioro cognitivo característico en estos enfermos. La valoración neuropsicológica permite, asimismo, determinar la eficacia del tratamiento quirúrgico y ayuda a detectar la coexistencia de otras causas de demencia. El objetivo de este estudio es definir el patrón de afectación cognitiva en pacientes con HCA y presentar el protocolo de valoración clínico, funcional y neuropsicológico que utilizamos en nuestro centro
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is characterized by gait disturbance, urinary incontinence and dementia, and is associated with variable ventricular enlargement. The most accepted treatment of NPH is the placement of a cerebrospinal fluid shunt. Owing to the characteristics of the patients and the invasive nature of the surgical treatment, it is fundamental to detect those patients who could obtain a greater benefit from the treatment. Neuropsychological assessment of these patients could significantly contribute to a better diagnosis of NPH, determining a cognitive deterioration profile for these patients, allowing the assessment of treatment efficacy and helping to detect other additional causes of dementia. The aim of this study is to describe the cognitive deterioration profile of NPH patients and to present the clinical, functional and neuropsychological assessment protocol used in our hospital
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Hidrocéfalo Normotenso/complicaciones , Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Demencia/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Hipocampo/fisiopatología , Tamizaje MasivoRESUMEN
El objetivo fundamental de este estudio es evaluar la validez de la Escala de Sesgo del Jurado, adaptación española de la Juror Bias Scale (JBS, Kassin y Wrightsman, 1983), en relación con su capacidad para predecir las decisiones grupales (veredictos y preguntas relativas al objeto del veredicto) dadas por diferentes grupos de Jurados formados por sujetos clasificados previamente por la escala como sesgados hacia la defensa o sesgados hacia la acusación. Se utilizan para ello simulaciones judiciales en las que se manipula la fuerza de la evidencia y se mantiene constante el tipo de caso y la forma de presentación de los casos. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizan métodos de inferencia exacta, mediante el cómputo de valores p exactos. Los resultados obtenidos indicaron que, bajo la condición de evidencia ambigua, la Escala de Sesgo del Jurado predice con éxito los veredictos grupales de los Jurados proacusación y predefensa, así como las preguntas relativas al objeto del veredicto de carácter opinable. Las implicaciones de estos resultados se discuten en relación con la relevancia de los sesgos individuales en las decisiones grupales y la utilidad de este tipo de instrumentos de medida en la fase de selección de un Jurado (AU)
In the present study, the validity of the Spanish adaptation of Juror Bias Scale (JBS, Kassin & Wrightsman, 1983), is tested in relation to its capability to predict the group decisions (verdicts and verdicts object questions) reached by different groups of juries composed by subjects previously classified by the JBS as «defense-biased» or «prosecution-biased». Judicial simulations are used to develop the study, in which the strength of evidence is manipulated and the type of case and the presentation format are kept constant. To analyze data exact inference methods are used. The results indicated that, under ambiguity condition, the JBS scores successfully predict the group verdicts of both defense-biased and prosecution-biased juries, as well as the verdicts object questions with «opinion character». Implications of these results are discussed in relation to the importance of individual biases in group decisions and the utility of this type of scales in jury selection (AU)