¿Serán las nuevas moléculas efectivas en protección renal y cardiovascular en la diabetes mellitus y la enfermedad renal diabética? / Will the new molecules be effective in renal and cardiovascular protection in diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease?

No disponible

Correlación entre el cociente proteína/creatinina en orina esporádica y las proteínas en orina de 24 horas / Correlation between the protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine and 24-hour urine protein

Introducción: Las proteínas presentan una eliminación variable a lo largo del día; por ello clásicamente se ha considerado la proteinuria de 24 horas como el método de referencia para su cuantificación. Dada la dificultad de la recogida de la muestra, aparece el cociente proteína/creatinina (P/C) en orina esporádica como herramienta diagnóstica. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la correlación entre la medida de proteinuria de 24 horas y el P/C, comparando muestras recogidas de forma consecutiva en pacientes del Hospital del Mar durante el último año. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal en una muestra de 159 determinaciones analíticas del Servicio de Nefrología. Valoración de la correlación entre proteinuria de 24 horas y P/C según diferentes grados de proteinuria mediante el coeficiente de correlación intraclases (CCI) y el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman (CCS). Resultados: Se observó una correlación directa y estadísticamente significativa entre proteinuria/24 horas y P/C en todo el grupo estudiado (CCS: r = 0,91, p < 0,001). Las correlaciones según diferentes grados de proteinuria/24 horas fueron: < 300 mg (CCS: r = 0,498, p < 0,001; CCI: 0,46), 300-3499 mg (CCS: r = 0,828, p < 0,001; CCI: 0,66) y ≥ 3500 mg (CCS: r = 0,181, p = NS; CCI: 0,18). Conclusión: El cociente P/C presenta una buena correlación con valores de proteinuria/24 horas entre 300-3499 mg. Dicha correlación se mantiene, pero con menor intensidad, en < 300 mg. En el grupo estudiado, el cociente P/C en orina esporádica no se correlaciona con la proteinuria/24 horas en rango nefrótico (AU)

Introduction: Measurement of the protein content in a 24-hour urine sample is the definitive method of establishing the presence of abnormal proteinuria. However, the urine collection is cumbersome. The spot urine protein to creatinine ratio seems to be a reliable diagnostic tool for urine protein measurement. Objective: Our aim was to evaluate the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio against 24-h urine total protein excretion in different proteinuria ranges by comparing samples collected simultaneously in patients of Hospital del Mar during the last year. Material and method: Observational, cross-sectional study of 159 consecutive paired determinations of 24-h urine total protein excretion and the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (P/C) in renal patients. The strength of the correlation was determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC). Results: Among all groups, there was a significant correlation between 24-hour proteinuria and the P/C ratio (SCC: r=0.91, P<0.001). The correlation in different levels of proteinuria were: <300mg (SCC: r=0.498, P<0.001; ICC: 0.46), 300-3499mg (SCC: r=0.828, P<0.001; ICC: 0.66) and ≥3500mg (SCC: r=0.181, P=NS; ICC: 0.18). Conclusions: In summary, a strong correlation was observed between spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24-h urine total protein excretion in proteinuria levels from 300mg/day to 3499mg/day. A lower correlation was also maintained in 24-h urine total protein <300mg. In our experience, there is no relevant correlation between spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24-h urine total protein excretion in nephrotic-range proteinuria (AU)

Correlation between the protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine and 24-hour urine protein.

INTRODUCTION: Measurement of the protein content in a 24-hour urine sample is the definitive method of establishing the presence of abnormal proteinuria. However, the urine collection is cumbersome. The spot urine protein to creatinine ratio seems to be a reliable diagnostic tool for urine protein measurement. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio against 24-h urine total protein excretion in different proteinuria ranges by comparing samples collected simultaneously in patients of Hospital del Mar during the last year. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional study of 159 consecutive paired determinations of 24-h urine total protein excretion and the spot urine protein/creatinine ratio (P/C) in renal patients. The strength of the correlation was determined by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the Spearman correlation coefficient (SCC). RESULTS: Among all groups, there was a significant correlation between 24-hour proteinuria and the P/C ratio (SCC: r=0.91, P<0.001). The correlation in different levels of proteinuria were: <300 mg (SCC: r=0.498, P<0.001; ICC: 0.46), 300-3,499 mg (SCC: r=0.828, P<0.001; ICC: 0.66) and ≥3,500 mg (SCC: r=0.181, P=NS; ICC: 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: In summary, a strong correlation was observed between spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24-h urine total protein excretion in proteinuria levels from 300 mg/day to 3,499 mg/day. A lower correlation was also maintained in 24-h urine total protein <300 mg. In our experience, there is no relevant correlation between spot urine protein/creatinine ratio and 24-h urine total protein excretion in nephrotic-range proteinuria.

Social perception training in schizophrenia: a pilot study

Uno de los factores cognitivos deteriorados en esquizofrénicos es la cognición social. Elobjetivo de este estudio ha sido investigar la mejora de la percepción social, uno de loscomponentes clave de la cognición social, en pacientes crónicos. Dieciocho pacientes externoscon diagnóstico de esquizofrenia fueron aleatoriamente asignados al grupo controly al grupo que recibía la intervención. Los pacientes en el grupo de tratamiento recibieronentrenamiento en el subprograma de percepción social de la IPT. El desempeño de lospacientes en percepción social fue evaluado antes de la intervención, después de la intervencióny tras un periodo de seis meses de seguimiento, utilizando una escala que habíasido desarrollada específicamente para evaluar percepción social (Social Perception Scale-SPS). Los resultados indican que la escala puede diferenciar entre el grupo que ha recibidola intervención y el grupo control. También fueron evaluadas la atención, la psicopatologíay el funcionamiento social. A pesar del pequeño número de pacientes los resultados sonprometedores y sugieren mejoras en las habilidades de percepción social (identificación deestímulos, interpretación y resumen de la información de una fotografía) en los pacientesentrenados con el programa de la IPT respecto a los pacientes del grupo control(AU)

Social cognition has been recognized as one of the key cognitive factors that is impairedin schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of improvementsin social perception, which is a key component of social cognition, in chronically ill patients.Eighteen schizophrenic outpatients were randomly assigned to therapy and control groups.The patients in the therapy group followed the social perception subprogram of IPT. Thepatients‘ performance in social perception was assessed before the intervention, after theintervention and at the end of a six-month follow-up period, using a scale that was specificallydeveloped to assess social perception (Social Perception Scale –SPS). The results indicatethat it can differentiate between the group that followed the therapy program and the controlgroup. Attention, psychopathology and social functioning were also evaluated. Althoughonly a small group of patients participated in the study, the results are promising. Theysuggest improvements in the social perception abilities that were trained using the IPTprogram in the therapy group in comparison with the control group. The patients in thetherapy group improved their ability to identify stimuli and to interpret and summariseinformation in a picture(AU)

[Tuberculosis in immigrants: clinical and epidemiological differences as compared to the native population (1999-2002)]. / Tuberculosis en inmigrantes: diferencias clinicoepidemiológicas con la población autóctona (1999-2002).

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis in immigrants is an emerging disease in industrialized countries. METHOD: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of culture-positive tuberculosis cases in the immigrant and native populations. RESULTS: One hundred and five cases of tuberculosis were observed; 22 cases (21%) were in immigrants. The 2002 incidence was 64.3 cases per 100,000 immigrants. Mean age of the affected immigrants was 28.5 years lower than that of the affected native population (p < 0.001). The rate of HIV coinfection was 9.1%. In 81.8% (18) of immigrants, presentation was exclusively pulmonary, a higher percentage than in the native population (59.2%) (p = 0.05). Loss to follow-up was more common among immigrants (35%) than among the native population (9.2%) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculosis in the immigrant population generally involves the lungs, appears in younger subjects and is a public heath problem because of the high rate of losses to follow-up.

Fatal, gold-induced pneumonitis.

We report in detail an experience with irreversible interstitial pneumonitis developed during gold sodium thiomalate therapy. Factors that could influence the unfavourable course of this adverse, usually reversible pharmacological reaction, are analysed, and the importance of early recognition and prompt discontinuation of the drug is emphasised.