[Evolution of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among schoolchildren in Caxias do Sul, RS]. / Evolução da prevalência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares em Caxias do Sul, RS.

Reports on the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in Brazil have been local in nature, with descriptions of different populations, which makes comprehensive diagnosis difficult. With the aim of studying the variation in the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among schoolchildren in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, over a 35-year period, 9,787 parasitological stool tests that had been performed using centrifugal sedimentation were evaluated. There were positive results from 5,655 samples (58%), and the most prevalent infestations were of Ascaris lumbricoides (47%), Trichuris trichiura (36%), Enterobius vermicularis (8%) and the protozoa Giardia lamblia (24%) and Entamoeba coli (20%). The overall prevalence diminished from 89% to 37%, indicating an average decrease of 1.4% per year. Reductions in prevalence were observed for Ascaris lumbricoides (61 to 26%) and Trichuris trichiura (38 to 18%). No significant change was observed for Giardia lamblia. The prevalence of Entamoeba coli increased from 29 to 46%. The decreases in helminth prevalence were probably due to infrastructure improvements and educational actions undertaken in schools.

Evolução da prevalência de parasitoses intestinais em escolares em Caxias do Sul, RS / Evolution of the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among schoolchildren in Caxias do Sul, RS

Relatos da prevalência das parasitoses intestinais no Brasil são pontuais e têm sido descritos em diferentes populações, tornando difícil um diagnóstico abrangente. Visando estudar a variação em 35 anos da prevalência de enteroparasitoses em escolares de Caxias do Sul, RS, foram avaliados 9.787 exames parasitológicos de fezes realizados por centrífugo-sedimentação. Resultaram positivas 5.655 (58 por cento) amostras sendo mais prevalente a infestação por Ascaris lumbricoides (47 por cento), Trichuris trichiura (36 por cento), Enterobius vermicularis (8 por cento) e os protozoários: Giardia lamblia (24 por cento) e Entamoeba coli (20 por cento). A prevalência geral diminuiu de 89 por cento para 37 por cento, com um decréscimo médio de 1,4 por cento ao ano. Houve redução na prevalência de Ascaris lumbricoides de 61 para 26 por cento e de Trichuris trichiura de 38 a 18 por cento. Para Giardia lamblia não houve alteração significativa. A prevalência de Entamoeba coli cresceu de 29 a 46 por cento. Os decréscimos obtidos na prevalência dos helmintos são provavelmente devidos às melhorias da infra-estrutura e às ações formativas desenvolvidas nas escolas.

Reports on the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in Brazil have been local in nature, with descriptions of different populations, which makes comprehensive diagnosis difficult. With the aim of studying the variation in the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among schoolchildren in Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, over a 35-year period, 9,787 parasitological stool tests that had been performed using centrifugal sedimentation were evaluated. There were positive results from 5,655 samples (58 percent), and the most prevalent infestations were of Ascaris lumbricoides (47 percent), Trichuris trichiura (36 percent), Enterobius vermicularis (8 percent) and the protozoa Giardia lamblia (24 percent) and Entamoeba coli (20 percent). The overall prevalence diminished from 89 percent to 37 percent, indicating an average decrease of 1.4 percent per year. Reductions in prevalence were observed for Ascaris lumbricoides (61 to 26 percent) and Trichuris trichiura (38 to 18 percent). No significant change was observed for Giardia lamblia. The prevalence of Entamoeba coli increased from 29 to 46 percent. The decreases in helminth prevalence were probably due to infrastructure improvements and educational actions undertaken in schools.

Evaluation of the limited participation by university students in a smoking cessation program.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the limited participation by university students in a smoking cessation program. METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at the University of Caxias do Sul, located in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, involving students who enrolled in a smoking cessation program, together with those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 108 student who did not enroll in the program, 102 (94.4%) stated that they had no intention to quit smoking (95% confidence interval: 88.29-97.93%. Comparisons between the enrolled and nonenrolled students revealed the following statistical differences: in mean age (35 vs. 23 years, p < 0.01); mean duration of the smoking habit (19.42 vs. 7.36 years, p < 0.01); considering oneself addicted (100% vs. 58.5%, p = 0.047); believing oneself able to stop smoking at any time (7.1% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.02); having no knowledge of any reasons to quit smoking (37.5% vs. 12%, p = 0.03); having suffered discrimination (42.9% vs. 9.3%, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Among the university students evaluated, there was a phase, classified as precontemplative or contemplative, during which they were refractory to smoking cessation. Although all of the students were aware of the diseases caused by smoking, 41.5% did not consider themselves addicted. The concept of substance dependence does not apply to these students. It would seem more appropriate to define nicotine dependence as resulting from the lifetime consumption of at least 100 cigarettes. These students do not perceive that they are passing through the initial phase of the natural history of tobacco use disorder and do not realize that they are increasing their risk of presenting smoking-related diseases in the future.

Avaliação da participação de pequeno número de estudantes universitários em um programa de tratamento do tabagismo / Evaluation of the limited participation by university students in a smoking cessation program

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a participação de pequeno número de estudantes da Universidade de Caxias do Sul em um programa de tratamento do tabagismo. MÉTODOS: Delineamento transversal e comparativo entre alunos que se inscreveram em um programa de tratamento do tabagismo e alunos que não se inscreveram. RESULTADOS: De 108 alunos não inscritos, 102 não mostraram intenção de parar de fumar (94,4 por cento, intervalo de confiança de 95 por cento de 88,29 por cento a 97,93 por cento). As comparações entre inscritos e não inscritos mostraram diferenças estatísticas, respectivamente: nas idades 35 e 23 anos, p < 0,01; tempo de tabagismo em anos, 19,42 e 7,36, p < 0,01; considerarem-se viciados, 100 por cento e 58,5 por cento, p = 0,047; acreditarem que podem parar de fumar quando querem, 7,1 por cento e 22,6 por cento, p = 0,02; desconhecerem os motivos de fumar, 37,5 por cento e 12 por cento, p = 0,03; sofrerem discriminações, 42,9 por cento e 9,3 por cento, p < 0,01. CONCLUSÃO: Identificou-se, nos estudantes universitários, uma fase refratária ao abandono do vício, classificada como pré-contemplativa e contemplativa. Os alunos conheciam as doenças provocadas pelo cigarro, contudo 41,5 por cento deles não reconheciam ser viciados. O conceito de dependência de drogas não se aplica a esses estudantes. Parece mais adequado considerar dependência à nicotina a partir do consumo de 100 cigarros ao longo da vida. Outros fatos que passam despercebidos a esses alunos são que eles estão vivendo a primeira fase da história natural do tabagismo e que estão apostando em não ter doenças futuras.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the limited participation by university students in a smoking cessation program. METHODS: A cross-sectional, comparative study was conducted at the University of Caxias do Sul, located in Caxias do Sul, Brazil, involving students who enrolled in a smoking cessation program, together with those who did not. RESULTS: Of the 108 student who did not enroll in the program, 102 (94.4 percent) stated that they had no intention to quit smoking (95 percent confidence interval: 88.29-97.93 percent. Comparisons between the enrolled and nonenrolled students revealed the following statistical differences: in mean age (35 vs. 23 years, p < 0.01); mean duration of the smoking habit (19.42 vs. 7.36 years, p < 0.01); considering oneself addicted (100 percent vs. 58.5 percent, p = 0.047); believing oneself able to stop smoking at any time (7.1 percent vs. 22.6 percent, p = 0.02); having no knowledge of any reasons to quit smoking (37.5 percent vs. 12 percent, p = 0.03); having suffered discrimination (42.9 percent vs. 9.3 percent, p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Among the university students evaluated, there was a phase, classified as precontemplative or contemplative, during which they were refractory to smoking cessation. Although all of the students were aware of the diseases caused by smoking, 41.5 percent did not consider themselves addicted. The concept of substance dependence does not apply to these students. It would seem more appropriate to define nicotine dependence as resulting from the lifetime consumption of at least 100 cigarettes. These students do not perceive that they are passing through the initial phase of the natural history of tobacco use disorder and do not realize that they are increasing their risk of presenting smoking-related diseases in the future.

Primeira experiência no diagnóstico laboratorial de Trichostrongylose humana na região nordeste do Rio Grande do Sul / First experience on human Trichostrongylosis laboratory diagnosis on the Northeastern region of the State of Rio Grande do Sul

A presente comunicação mostra os primeiros casos de infecção humana por Trichostrongylus sp. em exames coproparasitológicos, realizados no Laboratório de Parasitologia do Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas da Universidade de Caxias do Sul. São discutidos cuidados a serem tomados quanto ao diagnóstico, considerando a semelhança dos ovos deste parasito com Ancylostomatidae, Strongyloides stercoralis e ovos inférteis de Ascaris lumbricoides. O exame correto leva à medicação e prevenção adequadas...