Histological criteria for "intraepithelial squamous cell carcinoma" of the esophagus: continued dialogue between Ukrainian and Japanese pathologists.

BACKGROUND: Patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) have a poor prognosis mostly due to the late diagnosis. A morphological method is still the main diagnostic method for SCC. The aim of the study was to find out which histological criteria, namely Western or Japanese criteria, for early stage SCC are used by pathologists in Ukraine as compared with their Japanese colleagues. METHODS: 14 Ukrainian and 6 Japanese pathologists have participated in this study. Virtual slides for research were provided by National Cancer Research Center (Tokyo, Japan) in 2018. Each of the pathologists has used these slides and presented the conclusion via the Internet. RESULTS: Essential diagnostic discrepancies were revealed: a number of biopsy specimens was diagnosed by Japanese pathologists as "noninvasive carcinoma", while Ukrainian pathologists classified the specimens as high-grade or low-grade dysplasia, indefinite for neoplasia, or reactive/regenerative lesions. CONCLUSION: The adoption of a unified concept of criteria for non-invasive (intraepithelial) carcinoma underlies early endoscopic/surgical treatment, which significantly increases the survival rate of patients with SCC. A solid common approach to the diagnosis between Western and Japanese pathologists, as well as endoscopists, is necessary to ensure timely treatment and increase survival rate of patients with SCC.

[On a problem of multiple causes of death]. / K probleme mnozhestvennykh prichin smerti.

The problem of combined pathology is discussed as exemplified by multiple causes of death. The structure of multiple causes of death is analyzed on the basis of records on all death cases in the town of Kursk in 1991, a total of 4381. The factors taken into consideration are age, sex, classes and various individual causes of death; the primary cause and complications are considered, including the direct cause of death, and the concomitant conditions. The authors claim that their data is a good scientific basis for planning and organization of specialized care of the population at the present-day stage of Russian public health development.