Assessment of textbook outcome after lobectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer in a Korean institution: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Textbook outcome (TO) has been introduced as a novel composite measure for lung cancer surgery. We investigated TO after lobectomy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in a Korean tertiary hospital and its prognostic implications for overall survival and recurrence. METHODS: Between January 2012 and December 2017, 418 consecutive patients who underwent lobectomy for clinical stages I and II NSCLC were identified and retrospectively reviewed. TO was defined as complete resection (negative resection margins and sufficient lymph node dissection), no 30-day or in-hospital mortality, no reintervention within 30 days, no readmission to the intensive care unit, no prolonged hospital stay (<14 days), no hospital readmission within 30 days, and no major complications. Propensity score matching analysis was performed to investigate the association between TO, medical costs, and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: Of 418 patients, 277 (66.3%) achieved TO. The most common events leading to TO failure were prolonged air leakage (n = 54, 12.9%) and prolonged hospital stay (n = 53, 12.7%). Male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.148, p = 0.036) and low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (OR = 0.986, p = 0.047) were significant risk factors for failed TO in multivariate analysis. In matched cohorts, achieving TO was associated with lower medical costs and better overall survival but not cancer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: TO is associated with low medical cost and favorable overall survival; thus, surgical teams and hospitals should make efforts to improve the quality of care and achieve TO.

Prognostic Impact of Postoperative Complications in High-Risk Operable Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

BACKGROUND: Patients with high-risk (HR) operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) may have unique prognostic factors. This study aimed to evaluate surgical outcomes in HR patients and to investigate prognostic factors in HR patients versus standard-risk (SR) patients. METHODS: In total, 471 consecutive patients who underwent curative lung resection for NSCLC between January 2012 and December 2017 were identified and reviewed retrospectively. Patients were classified into HR (n=77) and SR (n=394) groups according to the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group criteria (Z4099 trial). Postoperative complications were defined as those of grade 2 or higher by the Clavien-Dindo classification. RESULTS: The HR group comprised more men and older patients, had poorer lung function, and had more comorbidities than the SR group. The patients in the HR group also experienced more postoperative complications (p≤0.001). More HR patients died without disease recurrence. The postoperative complication rate was the only significant prognostic factor in multivariable Cox regression analysis for HR patients but not SR patients. HR patients without postoperative complications had a survival rate similar to that of SR patients. CONCLUSION: The overall postoperative survival of HR patients with NSCLC was more strongly affected by postoperative complications than by any other prognostic factor. Care should be taken to minimize postoperative complications, especially in HR patients.

A Complication of Diaphragm Repair Using a Gore-Tex (Expanded Polytetrafluorethylene) Membrane: A Case Report.

A 65-year-old man underwent right trisectionectomy of the liver and reconstruction of the chest wall and diaphragm with a 2-mm Gore-Tex membrane due to recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. After 3 years, the Gore-Tex membrane in the diaphragm migrated to the abdominal cavity and perforated the colon. We report a rare complication of a Gore-Tex membrane after diaphragm repair.

Pedobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. and Pedobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris).

Two bacterial strains, 01-96(T) and 15-51(T), isolated from rhizosphere soil of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris) were characterized by using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 01-96(T) was phylogenetically related most closely to Pedobacter suwonensis 15-52(T) and Pedobacter roseus CL-GP80(T) (96.7 and 96.7% similarity, respectively), and strain 15-51(T) to Pedobacter borealis G-1(T) and P. suwonensis 15-52(T) (97.2 and 97.1%, respectively). However, levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 15-51(T) and P. borealis KACC 14287(T) and P. suwonensis KACC 11317(T) were low (<50%). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 37.8 mol% for strain 01-96(T) and 38.6 mol% for strain 15-51(T). The major fatty acids of the two strains were iso-C(17:0) 3-OH, iso-C(15:0) and summed feature 3 (iso-C(15:0) 2-OH and/or C(16:1)ω7c). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic data showed that strains 01-96(T) and 15-51(T) could be distinguished from their closest phylogenetic relatives, and that these strains represented two novel species of the genus Pedobacter, for which the names Pedobacter rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain 01-96(T) =KACC 14938(T) =NBRC 107690(T)) and Pedobacter soli sp. nov. (type strain 15-51(T) =KACC 14939(T) =NBRC 107691(T)) are proposed.

Nevskia terrae sp. nov., isolated from soil.

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated KIS13-15(T), was isolated from soil in Korea. Cells were strictly aerobic rods and were motile with 1-3 subpolar flagella. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain KIS13-15(T) belonged to the order Xanthomonadales of the class Gammaproteobacteria and was closely related to Nevskia soli GR15-1(T) (97.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Nevskia ramosa Soe1(T) (96.8 %). Strain KIS13-15(T) exhibited 38 and 29 % DNA-DNA relatedness with N. soli KACC 11703(T) and N. ramosa DSM 11499(T), respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total) were C(18 : 1)ω7c (40.6 %) and C(16 : 0) (12.4 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 8. DNA G+C content was 67.3 mol%. The phenotypic characterization combined with 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization clearly classified strain KIS13-15(T) in a novel species of the genus Nevskia, for which the name Nevskia terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KIS13-15(T) ( = KACC 12736(T)  = JCM 15425(T)).

Adhaeribacter aerophilus sp. nov., Adhaeribacter aerolatus sp. nov. and Segetibacter aerophilus sp. nov., isolated from air samples.

Three bacterial isolates from air samples in Korea, designated strains 6424S-25(T), 6515J-31(T) and 6424S-61(T), were characterized using a polyphasic approach. The cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and rod-shaped. Phylogenetic analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a clear affiliation with the phylum Bacteroidetes. Strains 6424S-25(T) and 6515J-31(T) showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 92.7-94.8 % to type strains of recognized species of the genus Adhaeribacter and strain 6424S-61(T) was closely related to Segetibacter koreensis Gsoil 664(T) (93.9 % similarity). The G+C contents of the DNA of strains 6424S-25(T), 6515J-31(T) and 6424S-61(T) were 44.5, 43.9 and 38.4 mol%, respectively. Major fatty acids of strains 6424S-25(T) and 6515J-31(T) were summed feature 4 (iso-C17:1 I and/or anteiso-C17 :1 B), iso-C15:0 and C16:1ω5c. The fatty acid content of strain 6424S-61(T) mainly comprised iso-C15 :1 G and iso-C15:0. Comparative analysis of phenotypic and phylogenetic traits indicated that strains 6424S-25(T) and 6515J-31(T) represented two novel species of the genus Adhaeribacter and that strain 6424S-61(T) should be considered as a novel species of the genus Segetibacter. The names Adhaeribacter aerophilus sp. nov. (type strain 6424S-25(T) =KACC 14118(T) =NBRC 106134(T)), Adhaeribacter aerolatus sp. nov. (type strain 6515J-31(T) =KACC 14117(T) =NBRC 106133(T)) and Segetibacter aerophilus sp. nov. (type strain 6424S-61(T) =KACC 14119(T) =NBRC 106135(T)) are proposed for these organisms.

Terrabacter aeriphilus sp. nov., isolated from an air sample.

A novel actinomycete, designated strain 5414T-18(T), was isolated from an air sample collected from the Taean region, Korea. The strain contained oxidase and grew in the presence of 7 % NaCl. A neighbour-joining tree constructed on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain 5414T-18(T) is a member of the genus Terrabacter, sharing 97.8-98.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to type strains of species of the genus Terrabacter (98.3 % sequence similarity with Terrabacter lapilli LR-26(T)). It contained peptidoglycan containing ll-diaminopimelic acid of A3gamma type, with three glycine residues as the interpeptide bridge. Whole-cell sugars were glucose, mannose and ribose. Mycolic acids were absent. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H(4)). The major fatty acids (>7 % of total fatty acids) were iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0), C(17 : 1)omega8c and iso-C(14 : 0). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 73 mol%. Strain 5414T-18(T) exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness levels of 44, 43, 39, 34 and 34 % to the type strains of Terrabacter lapilli, Terrabacter aerolatus, Terrabacter terrae, Terrabacter tumescens and Terracoccus luteus, respectively. These findings suggest that strain 5414T-18(T) represents a novel species within the genus Terrabacter. The name Terrabacter aeriphilus sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with the type strain 5414T-18(T) (=KACC 20693(T)=DSM 18563(T)).

Description of Microvirga aerophila sp. nov. and Microvirga aerilata sp. nov., isolated from air, reclassification of Balneimonas flocculans Takeda et al. 2004 as Microvirga flocculans comb. nov. and emended description of the genus Microvirga.

Two bacterial strains, 5420S-12(T) and 5420S-16(T), isolated from air samples, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain 5420S-12(T) was related phylogenetically to Microvirga subterranea FaiI4(T) (97.4 % sequence similarity) and Microvirga guangxiensis 25B(T) (97.1 %) and that strain 5420S-16(T) was closely related to Balneimonas flocculans TFB(T) (98.0 %) and Microvirga guangxiensis 25B(T) (97.2 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.2 mol% for strain 5420S-12(T) and 61.5 mol% for strain 5420S-16(T). The major fatty acid was C(18 : 1)ω7c. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and the phenotypic data showed that strains 5420S-12(T) and 5420S-16(T) could be distinguished from phylogenetically related species and represent two novel species within the genus Microvirga, for which the names Microvirga aerophila sp. nov. (type strain 5420S-12(T) =KACC 12743(T) =NBRC 106136(T)) and Microvirga aerilata sp. nov. (type strain 5420S-16(T) =KACC 12744(T) =NBRC 106137(T)) are proposed. Furthermore, the reclassification of Balneimonas flocculans as Microvirga flocculans comb. nov. (type strain TFB(T) =JCM 11936(T) =KCTC 12101(T) =IAM 15034(T) =ATCC BAA-817(T)) is proposed and an emended description of the genus Microvirga is provided.

Chitinophaga niabensis sp. nov. and Chitinophaga niastensis sp. nov., isolated from soil.

Two yellow-coloured bacterial strains, designated JS13-10(T) and JS16-4(T), were isolated from soil from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains were found to be affiliated with members of the genus Chitinophaga. Phenotypically, the novel strains were identified as being different from each other and from recognized species of the genus Chitinophaga. DNA-DNA hybridization tests between the two novel strains and closely related Chitinophaga reference strains produced DNA relatedness values that were significantly lower (<36 %) than those generally accepted as the highest threshold for the phylogenetic definition of a species. On the basis of their distinct taxonomic characteristics, these strains represent two novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the names Chitinophaga niabensis sp. nov. (type strain JS13-10(T)=KACC 12952(T)=JCM 15440(T)) and Chitinophaga niastensis sp. nov. (type strain JS16-4(T)=KACC 12954(T)=JCM 15441(T)) are proposed.

Niabella ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng.

The taxonomic status of a yellow- to light orange-coloured strain isolated from soil of a Korean ginseng field was established based on a polyphasic investigation. The novel isolate, strain GR10-1(T), was an obligately aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, non-motile, flexirubin-pigment-producing, short rod-shaped bacterium. The strain grew optimally at 28-30 degrees C, at pH 7.0 and in the presence of 0-1 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the new isolate showed the highest sequence similarities with Niabella aurantiaca R2A15-11(T) (95.1 %) and Niabella soli JS13-8(T) (94.6 %). The DNA G+C content of strain GR10-1(T) was 43 mol%. It contained iso-C(15 : 1) G (36.4 %) and iso-C(15 : 0) (32.8 %) as the major fatty acids (>10 %) and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. On the basis of evidence from our polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded that strain GR10-1(T) should be classified within a novel species of the genus Niabella, for which the name Niabella ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GR10-1(T) (=KACC 13021(T) =JCM 15444(T)).

Aquitalea denitrificans sp. nov., isolated from a Korean wetland.

A novel bacterium, designated strain 5YN1-3(T), was isolated from wetland peat collected from Yongneup, Korea. The bacterium was facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-coloured, rod-shaped, mesophilic and motile with one polar flagellum. The strain grew optimally at 30 degrees C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and with 0-1 % NaCl (w/v). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the highest similarity to the sequence from Aquitalea magnusonii TRO-001DR8(T), with 98.7 % sequence similarity. However, strain 5YN1-3(T) showed DNA-DNA relatedness of 43 % (40 % in a reciprocal experiment) with A. magnusonii LMG 23054(T). The strain contained summed feature 3 (iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH and/or C(16 : 1)omega7c) and C(16 : 0) as major cellular fatty acids. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain 5YN1-3(T) should be assigned to a novel species of the genus Aquitalea, for which the name Aquitalea denitrificans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5YN1-3(T) (=KACC 12729(T) =DSM 21300(T)).

Thalassobacter arenae sp. nov., isolated from sea sand in Korea.

A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterium, strain GA2-M15(T), was isolated from a sea-sand sample at Homi Cape, Pohang city, Republic of Korea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that this isolate was unique, showing 95.9 % sequence similarity to the type strain of Thalassobacter stenotrophicus and similarities of 94.0-95.2 % to the type strains of species of the genera Octadecabacter (94.4-95.2 %), Jannaschia (94.0-94.4 %) and Thalassobius (94.0-94.7 %). Chemotaxonomic characteristics (diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine as the major polar lipids and C(18 : 1)omega7c as the predominant fatty acid) and DNA G+C content (56 mol%) were also similar to those of Thalassobacter stenotrophicus. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, physiological properties and some fatty acid components showed that strain GA2-M15(T) could be differentiated from Thalassobacter stenotrophicus. On the basis of these results, strain GA2-M15(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobacter, for which the name Thalassobacter arenae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GA2-M15(T) (=KACC 12675(T) =DSM 19593(T)).

Rubellimicrobium aerolatum sp. nov., isolated from an air sample in Korea.

A pink-coloured bacterial strain, designated 5715S-9(T), was isolated from an air sample collected in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and short-rod-shaped. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the organism was a member of the genus Rubellimicrobium, showing the highest sequence similarities with Rubellimicrobium mesophilum MSL-20(T) (96.2 % sequence similarity) and Rubellimicrobium thermophilum DSM 16684(T) (93.9 %). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified glycolipid. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(16 : 0) and 11-methyl C(18 : 1)omega7c. The G+C content of the DNA was 69 mol%. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain 5715S-9(T) represents a novel species of the genus Rubellimicrobium, for which the name Rubellimicrobium aerolatum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5715S-9(T) (=KACC 12504(T)=DSM 19297(T)).

Massilia aerilata sp. nov., isolated from an air sample.

A novel aerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, designated strain 5516S-11(T), was isolated from air samples collected in the Suwon region of the Republic of Korea. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the organism belongs to the genus Massilia; the highest sequence similarity (97.2 %) was found with respect to Massilia aurea DSM 18055(T). Cells of strain 5516S-11(T) contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and possessed summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)omega7c/iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH; 35.2 %), C(16 : 0) (30.6 %) and C(18 : 1)omega7c (11.7 %) as the major fatty acids. DNA-DNA hybridization revealed 32 % relatedness between strain 5516S-11(T) and M. aurea DSM 18055(T). The G+C content of the DNA of strain 5516S-11(T) was 68.9 mol%. It is clear from the genotypic and phenotypic data presented that strain 5516S-11(T) represents a novel species of the genus Massilia, for which the name Massilia aerilata sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5516S-11(T) (=KACC 12505(T) =DSM 19289(T)).

Nevskia soli sp. nov., isolated from soil cultivated with Korean ginseng.

A Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain GR15-1(T), was isolated from a field cultivated with Korean ginseng. Cells were strictly aerobic, motile with multipolar flagella and rod-shaped. The strain grew optimally at 25-28 degrees C and pH 6.0-7.0. The predominant fatty acids of strain GR15-1(T) were C(18 : 1)omega7c, C(16 : 0) and summed feature 2 (C(14 : 0) 3-OH and/or iso-C(16 : 1) I). The major isoprenoid quinone was ubiquinone 8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 63.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain GR15-1(T) formed a phyletic cluster with Nevskia ramosa Soe1(T), with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.8 %. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic features, strain GR15-1(T) represents a novel species within the genus Nevskia, for which the name Nevskia soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GR15-1(T) (=KACC 11703(T) =DSM 19509(T)).

Rudanella lutea gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an air sample in Korea.

An orange-coloured bacterial strain, designated 5715S-11(T), was isolated from an air sample in Suwon, Republic of Korea. The strain was strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-flagellated and rod-shaped, frequently forming filaments. Growth of the strain was observed at 4-40 degrees C (optimum, 30 degrees C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetically, strain 5715S-11(T) was shown to be a member of the family Spirosomaceae within the phylum Bacteroidetes. Its closest relatives were Spirosoma linguale LMG 10896(T) (87.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Larkinella insperata LMG 22510(T) (86.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(16 : 1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH), C(16 : 1)omega5c and iso-C(15 : 0). Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and unknown aminolipids and polar lipids. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, strain 5715S-11(T) is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Rudanella lutea gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Rudanella lutea is 5715S-11(T) (=KACC 12603(T) =DSM 19387(T)).

Methylobacterium iners sp. nov. and Methylobacterium aerolatum sp. nov., isolated from air samples in Korea.

Two bacterial strains isolated from air samples, 5317S-33(T) and 5413S-11(T), were characterized by determining their phenotypic characteristics, cellular fatty acid profiles and phylogenetic positions based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that these isolates belonged to the genus Methylobacterium. Strain 5317S-33(T) was most closely related to Methylobacterium adhaesivum AR27(T) (97.9% sequence similarity). Strain 5413S-11(T) was most closely related to Methylobacterium fujisawaense DSM 5686(T) (97.3% sequence similarity), Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20(T) (97.1% similarity) and Methylobacterium radiotolerans JCM 2831(T) (97.0% similarity). Cells of both strains were strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped. The major fatty acid was C(18:1)omega7c. The G+C contents of the genomic DNA were 68.0 mol% for strain 5317S-33(T) and 73.2 mol% for strain 5413S-11(T). According to DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain 5317S-33(T) showed a level of DNA-DNA relatedness of 33 % with M. adhaesivum DSM 17169(T), and strain 5413S-11(T) showed low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness (<35%) with M. fujisawaense DSM 5686(T), M. oryzae CBMB20(T) and M. radiotolerans DSM 1819(T). On the basis of this polyphasic analysis, it was concluded that strains 5317S-33(T) and 5413S-11(T) represent two novel species within the genus Methylobacterium, for which the names Methylobacterium iners sp. nov. (type strain 5317S-33(T) =KACC 11765(T) =DSM 19015(T)) and Methylobacterium aerolatum sp. nov. (type strain 5413S-11(T) =KACC 11766(T) =DSM 19013(T)) are proposed.

Paludibacterium yongneupense gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a wetland, Yongneup, in Korea.

A cream-coloured bacterial strain, 5YN8-15(T), was isolated from a wetland, Yongneup, in the Inje region of the Republic of Korea. The bacterium was facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile with a single polar flagellum and curved-rod-shaped. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain 5YN8-15(T) is a member of the Betaproteobacteria. Closely related taxa were Gulbenkiania mobilis E4FC31(T) (94.9% sequence similarity), Chromobacterium species (94.1-94.4%), Aquitalea magnusonii TRO-001DR8(T) (93.2%) and Aquaspirillum serpens IAM 13944(T) (92.5%). All other species with validly published names analysed showed sequence similarities of below 92%. Strain 5YN8-15(T) had ubiquinone 8 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(16:1)omega7c and/or iso-C(15:0) 2-OH), C(16:0) and C(18:1)omega7c. The DNA G+C content was 63.0 mol%. Based on the data from the polyphasic study, strain 5YN8-15(T) represents a novel genus and species of the family Neisseriaceae, for which the name Paludibacterium yongneupense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5YN8-15(T) (=KACC 11601(T)=DSM 18731(T)).

Deinococcus cellulosilyticus sp. nov., isolated from air.

A pink-coloured bacterial strain, 5516J-15(T), was isolated from an air sample from Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. The organism was found to have resistance to UV radiation typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, and it was placed within the radiation of the Deinococcus on a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strain 5516J-15(T) shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (84.5-87.8 %) with Deinococcus species, showing highest sequence similarity to Deinococcus deserti VCD115(T) (87.8 %) and Deinococcus indicus Wt/1a(T) (87.8 %). Strain 5516J-15(T) had type A3 beta peptidoglycan with l-ornithine, menaquinone 8 (MK-8) as the major quinone and iso-C(12 : 0), anteiso-C(13 : 0), iso-C(16 : 0) and C(16 : 0) as the major fatty acids. Its polar lipid profile contained three unknown aminophospholipids, two unknown polar lipids, one unknown phospholipid and one unknown glycolipid. The DNA G+C content of strain 5516J-15(T) was 61.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic and phenotypic data presented, it is proposed that the unknown strain should be classified within a novel species in the genus Deinococcus with the name Deinococcus cellulosilyticus sp. nov. The type strain is 5516J-15(T) (=KACC 11606(T) =DSM 18568(T)).

Flavobacterium terrae sp. nov. and Flavobacterium cucumis sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil.

Two bacterial strains, R2A1-13(T) and R2A45-3(T), were isolated from greenhouse soils in Korea. The cells of both strains were Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the isolates in the genus Flavobacterium within the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strain R2A1-13(T) was found to be related to Flavobacterium columnare IAM 14301(T), Flavobacterium saliperosum CGMCC1.3801(T) and Flavobacterium croceum EMB47(T), with sequence similarities of 96.8, 95.0 and 94.6 %, respectively. Strain R2A45-3(T) was found to be related to F. croceum EMB47(T) and Flavobacterium aquatile ATCC 11947(T), with sequence similarities of 94.7 and 94.6 %, respectively. Both strains contained iso-C(15 : 0) and iso-C(16 : 0) as the main fatty acids and contained a menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6) as the major isoprenoid quinone. The G+C contents of the DNA from strains R2A1-13(T) and R2A45-3(T) were 34 and 38 mol%, respectively. A polyphasic taxonomic study revealed that these strains belong to two novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium terrae sp. nov. and Flavobacterium cucumis sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of F. terrae sp. nov. and F. cucumis sp. nov. are R2A1-13(T) (=KACC 11731(T)=DSM 18829(T)) and R2A45-3(T) (=KACC 11732(T)=DSM 18830(T)), respectively.