Erratum: [Corrigendum] Hydrogen gas post­conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety­like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10555.].

Assessment and solutions for vulnerability of urban rail transit network based on complex network theory: A case study of Chongqing.

As a typical complex network system, the operating environment of rail transit network (RTN) is complex and demanding. This study aims to accurate assess the weaknesses and vulnerability of RTN, which is crucial for ensuring its smooth operation. Taking Chongqing Rail Transit (CRT) as an example, this study developed a network topology model using the spatial L method and analyzed the network structure characteristics, along with the importance of key nodes under different indicators, based on complex network theory. Additionally, this study analyzed the geographical spatial distribution characteristics of nodes based on the topography and urban spatial structure of Chongqing. Then, this study classified the nodes in the RTN according to basic topological indicators, namely degree, betweenness centrality, network efficiency, and passenger flow volume (PFV). The results indicated six cluster of nodes, reflecting the variability in node vulnerability concerning overall influence (providing alternative paths, reducing path length), regional aggregation capacity, and transportation capacity. Finally, this study proposed targeted management strategies for different clusters of nodes and their respective geographical locations, providing necessary references for rational planning, safety protection, and sustainable construction of RTN.

Microcystic, elongated and fragmented (MELF) pattern in endometrial carcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis and prognostic implications.

To assess the clinical value of microcystic, elongated, and fragmented (MELF) pattern in Chinese patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. A total of 189 patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed in Peking University Third Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019. We analyzed the association of MELF pattern with the histopathologic data and prognosis of the patients, while immunohistochemistry was performed. The frequency of MELF pattern was 17.99% (34/189). MELF pattern was associated significantly with tumor size, myometrial invasion, histological grade, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stages, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis. According to multivariate logistic regression analysis, lymphovascular space invasion [95% confidence interval 1.021-48.485, P = .048] was a significant predictor of lymph node involvement. However, MELF pattern was not a significant predictor (95% confidence interval 0.054-2.279, P = .400). Loss of expression for mismatch repair proteins was observed in 10 MELF + cases (29.41%) and 54 MELF- cases (34.84%), respectively. All patients were followed up for 36.8 ± 8.9 months (18-54 months). Only 1 patient with MELF pattern was diagnosed with vaginal recurrence 28 months after the surgery. MELF pattern was associated with adverse histologic findings in endometrial endometrioid carcinomas. However, MELF pattern was statistically not a valuable predictor of lymph node metastasis and it needs more studies to show whether MELF pattern has an impact on the prognosis of patients with endometrial endometrioid carcinoma. MELF pattern may be important for identifying those patients who need comprehensive staging surgery.

Infinite-layer/perovskite oxide heterostructure-induced high-spin states in SrCuO2/SrRuO3 bilayer films.

Heterostructures composed of dissimilar oxides with different properties offer opportunities to develop emergent devices with desired functionalities. A key feature of oxide heterostructures is interface electronics and orbital reconstructions. Here, we combined infinite-layered SrCuO2 and perovskite SrRuO3 into heterostructures. A rare high spin state as large as 3.0 µB f.u-1 and an increase in Curie temperature by 12 K are achieved in an ultrathin SrRuO3 film capped by a SrCuO2 layer. Atomic-scale lattice imaging shows the uniform CuO2-plane-to-RuO5-pyramid connection at the interface, where the regularly arranged RuO5 pyramids were elongated along the out-of-plane direction. As revealed by theoretical calculations and spectral analysis, these features finally result in an abnormally high spin state of the interfacial Ru ions with highly polarized eg orbitals. The present work demonstrates that oxygen coordination engineering at the infinite-layer/perovskite oxide interface is a promising approach towards advanced oxide electronics.

Hydrogen gas post-conditioning alleviates cognitive dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in high rates of mortality and lasting disability. Hydrogen gas (H2) is an antioxidant with demonstrated neuroprotective efficacy. The present study examined the therapeutic efficacy of H2 inhalation on early brain injury following experimental SAH in rats and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The rats were randomly separated into three groups (n=36 per group): Sham, SAH and SAH + H2. Endovascular perforation of the right internal carotid artery was used to establish SAH. After perforation, rats in the SAH + H2 group inhaled 2.9% H2 with regular oxygen for 2 h. Then, 24 h post-SAH, TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic neurons, and both immunostaining and western blotting were conducted to examine changes in p38 MAPK activity and the expression levels of apoptotic regulators (Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Then, 30 day post-SAH, Nissl staining was performed to detect neuronal injury, brain MRI was conducted to detect gross changes in brain structure and metabolism, the open field test was used to assess anxiety and the novel object recognition test was performed to assess memory. H2 inhalation following experimental SAH stabilized brain metabolites, improved recognition memory and reduced anxiety-like behavior, the neuronal apoptosis rate, phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression, cleaved caspase-3 expression and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Collectively, the present results suggested that H2 inhalation can alleviate SAH-induced cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities and neuronal apoptosis in rats, possibly via inhibition of the p38 MAPK signal pathway.

Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Reductive Couplings of Neopentyl Bromides with Aryl Bromides.

5-Cyanoimidazole was identified as an inexpensive ligand for nickel-catalyzed cross-electrophile couplings by screening a diverse set of pharmaceutical compound library. A strategic screening approach led to the discovery of this novel ligand, which was successfully applied in the preparation of various alkylated arene products with good to high yields. Furthermore, the properties of this ligand allowed expanding the scope of reductive couplings to challenging substrates, such as sterically hindered neopentyl halides, which are known to generate motifs that are prevalent in biologically active molecules.

Rational Design of New Dihydrobenzooxophosphole-Based Lewis Base Organocatalysts.

A series of new dihydrobenzooxophosphole-based Lewis Base organocatalysts were designed and synthesized. They are demonstrated effective in trichlorosilane-mediated stereoselective conjugate reductions of C=C bonds. DFT calculations reveal that the strong hydrogen bond between the amide linker and the chloride on silicon in the transition state contributes to the high reactivity of the catalyst 3a.

Effect of Diane-35, alone or in combination with orlistat or metformin in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Diane-35, alone or in combination with orlistat or metformin, on androgen and body fat percentage parameters in Chinese overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance. METHODS: A total of 240 PCOS women were randomly allocated to receive Diane-35 alone (D group), Diane-35 plus orlistat (DO group), Diane-35 plus metformin (DM group), or Diane-35 plus orlistat plus metformin (DOM group). Serum TT, DHEA-S, androstenedione, SHBG, FT, FAI, body fat, and body fat percentage were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS: Significant changes in serum TT, SHBG, and FAI were observed in all treatment groups compared with baseline. DHEA-S and androstenedione significantly decreased in the DO, DM, and DOM groups after treatment. FT only significantly decreased in the DOM group. Body fat and body fat percentage significantly decreased in the DO and DOM groups. Compared with the D group, DHEA-S significantly decreased in the DO, DM, and DOM groups (F = 4.081, p = 0.008); SHBG significantly increased in the DOM group (F = 3.019, p = 0.031); and FAI significantly decreased in the DO group (χ2 = 12.578, p = 0.006). There were significant differences between groups in body fat percentage (χ2 = 23.590, p < 0.001). Side-effects were less with orlistat than metformin. CONCLUSIONS: Diane-35 in combination with orlistat or metformin is more effective in reducing androgen than Diane-35 alone. Orlistat is more effective in reducing body fat percentage than metformin. In addition, orlistat has mild side-effects and is better tolerated compared with metformin.

Effect of orlistat or metformin in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orlistat or metformin combined with Diane-35 on anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters in overweight and obese polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with insulin resistance (fasting insulin > 10 mIU/L). A total of 240 PCOS women were randomly allocated to orlistat plus Diane-35(OD group), metformin plus Diane-35(MD group), orlistat plus metformin plus Diane-35(OMD group) or Diane-35 (D group). Body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, endocrine profile, lipid profile and insulin resistance were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Significant reductions in waist and hip circumference, serum LH, total testosterone and uric acid were observed in all groups compared with baseline. TG and TC significantly decreased in the OD group. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was reduced in the OD (p = .015), MD (p = .001) and OMD (p = .004) groups. Body weight, BMI, systolic BP and HDL-C significantly changed in the OD and OMD group compared with the D group (p < .05). Side effects were less with orlistat than metformin. This study demonstrated that orlistat is more effective in reducing weight and lipid profile than metformin. Besides, orlistat has mild side-effects and is better tolerated compared with metformin.

[Clinical study on the effectiveness and safety of combined laparoscopy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of endometriosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effectiveness and safety of combined laparoscopy and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) in the treatment of endometriosis (EM). METHODS: From January to December 2010, 198 patients with EM undergoing treatment in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital were randomly divided into three groups, which include 52 cases treated by only laparoscopy in laparoscopy group; 76 cases treated by laparoscopy combined with domestic Leuprolide acetate with dose of 3.75 mg every 28 days in Leuprolide acetate group; 70 cases treated by laparoscopy combined with imported Goserelin acetate with dose of 3.6 mg every 28 days in Goserelin acetate group. The efficacy, pregnancy rate and adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. RESULTS: Thirteen cases lost following up, including 3 cases in laparoscopy group, 6 cases in Leuprolide acetate group and 4 cases in Goserelin acetate group. (1) Effective rates: effective rates were 47% (23/49) in laparoscopy group, 77% (54/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 74% (49/66) in Goserelin acetate group. Compared with laparoscopy group, the effective rate of Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group was significantly elevated (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group (P > 0.05).(2) Recurrence rate: recurrence rate were 33% (16/49) in laparoscopy group, 13% (9/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 12% (8/66) in Goserelin acetate group. Compared with laparoscopy group, the recurrence rate of Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group was significantly declined (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between Leuprolide acetate group and Goserelin acetate group (P > 0.05). (3) Pregnancy rate: the number of patients require fertility were 28 cases in laparoscopy group, 39 cases in Leuprolide acetate group and 35 cases in Goserelin acetate group. After 2 years follow up, pregnancy rate of 62% (24/39) in Leuprolide acetate group and 60% (21/35) in Goserelin acetate group were high than 39% (11/28) in laparoscopy group significantly, which did not reached significant difference (P > 0.05). (4) Adverse drug reaction:rates of a adverse reactions were 21% (15/70) in Leuprolide acetate group and 20% (13/66) in Goserelin acetate group, including irregular vaginal bleeding associated with low estrogen level. There was no significant difference in adverse reactions (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with laparoscopy alone, laparoscopy combined with GnRH-a is more effective in treatment of, which exhibit lower recurrence rate, higher pregnancy rate and fewer adverse reactions. Domestic Leuprolide acetate have similar safety and efficacy compared with imported GnRH-a.

[Impact of depression on prognosis of patients with coronary heart disease undergoing revascularization].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of depression on clinical outcome of patients undergoing revascularization. METHODS: Self-rating depression scale (SDS) assessment was made before and after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 345) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n = 308) procedure. Patients were divided into depression and non-depression group. All patients were followed up for 12 months after procedure for the occurrence of rehospitalization and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including all-cause mortality, nonfatal myocardial infarction or target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Depression was present in 40.9% (n = 141) of patients after CABG, which was significantly higher than before procedure (24.3%, P < 0.01). The MACE rate was significantly higher in patients with post-procedure depression [8.5% (12/141)] than in patients without depression [2.9% (6/204), P < 0.05] and the incidences of target lesion revascularization and rehospitalization were also significantly higher in depression patients than in non-depression patients during the 12 months follow-up (all P < 0.05). Depression was present in 36.4% (n = 112) of patients after PCI, which was significantly higher than that before procedure (28.6%, P < 0.05). The MACE rate [8.0% (9/112) vs. 2.0% (4/196)] and rehospitalization rate [12.5% (14/112) vs. 4.6% (9/196)] were significantly higher in depression patients than in patients without depression during the 12 months follow-up (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference on SDS score between the PCI and CABG before the procedure. However, after the procedure, the SDS score for patients undergoing CABG was significantly higher than in patients undergoing PCI (48.9 ± 9.8 vs. 45.7 ± 10.5 P = 0.01). The level of serum IL-6 was significantly higher in depression patients than in patients without depression (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Prevalence of depression is high in patients treated with revascularization procedures and is linked with poor post-procedure prognosis.

Endovascular treatment for iliac vein compression syndrome: a comparison between the presence and absence of secondary thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of early identification and endovascular treatment of iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS), with or without deep vein thrombosis (DVT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of patients, IVCS without DVT (group 1, n = 39), IVCS with fresh thrombosis (group 2, n = 52) and IVCS with non-fresh thrombosis (group 3, n = 34) were detected by Doppler ultrasonography, magnetic resonance venography, computed tomography or venography. The fresh venous thrombosis were treated by aspiration and thrombectomy, whereas the iliac vein compression per se were treated with a self-expandable stent. In cases with fresh thrombus, the inferior vena cava filter was inserted before the thrombosis suction, mechanical thrombus ablation, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stenting or transcatheter thrombolysis. RESULTS: Stenting was performed in 111 patients (38 of 39 group 1 patients and 73 of 86 group 2 or 3 patients). The stenting was tried in one of group 1 and in three of group 2 or 3 patients only to fail. The initial patency rates were 95% (group 1), 89% (group 2) and 65% (group 3), respectively and were significantly different (p = 0.001). Further, the six month patency rates were 93% (group 1), 83% (group 2) and 50% (group 3), respectively, and were similarly significantly different (p = 0.001). Both the initial and six month patency rates in the IVCS patients (without thrombosis or with fresh thrombosis), were significantly greater than the patency rates of IVCS patients with non-fresh thrombosis. CONCLUSION: From the cases examined, the study suggests that endovascular treatment of IVCS, with or without thrombosis, is effective.