Congenital heart disease: types, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a structural abnormality of the heart and/or great vessels and patients with CHD are at an increased risks of various morbidities throughout their lives and reduced long-term survival. Eventually, CHD may result in various complications including heart failure, arrhythmias, stroke, pneumonia, and sudden death. Unfortunately, the exact etiology and pathophysiology of some CHD remain unclear. Although the quality of life and prognosis of patients with CHD have significantly improved following technological advancement, the influence of CHD is lifelong, especially in patients with complicated CHD. Thus, the management of CHD remains a challenge due to its high prevalence. Finally, there are some disagreements on CHD among international guidelines. In this review, we provide an update of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment in most common type of CHD, including patent foramen ovale, atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of the aorta, transposition of the great arteries, congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries, coronary anomalies, left and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, tetralogy of Fallot and Ebstein anomaly. In particular, we focus on what is known and what is unknown in these areas, aiming to improve the current understanding of various types of CHD.

Ileum Proteomics Identifies Distinct Pathways Associated with Different Dietary Doses of Copper-Fructose Interactions: Implications for the Gut-Liver Axis and MASLD.

The interactions of different dietary doses of copper with fructose contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) via the gut-liver axis. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The aim of this study was to identify the specific pathways leading to gut barrier dysfunction in the ileum using a proteomics approach in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague Dawley rats were fed diets with adequate copper (CuA), marginal copper (CuM), or supplemented copper (CuS) in the absence or presence of fructose supplementation (CuAF, CuMF, and CuSF) for 4 weeks. Ileum protein was extracted and analyzed with an LC-MS. A total of 2847 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and submitted to functional enrichment analysis. As a result, the ileum proteome and signaling pathways that were differentially altered were revealed. Of note, the CuAF is characterized by the enrichment of oxidative phosphorylation and ribosome as analyzed with the KEGG; the CuMF is characterized by an enriched arachidonic acid metabolism pathway; and focal adhesion, the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and tight junction were significantly enriched by the CuSF. In conclusion, our proteomics analysis identified the specific pathways in the ileum related to the different dietary doses of copper-fructose interactions, suggesting that distinct mechanisms in the gut are involved in the development of MASLD.

Redox Stability Optimization in Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

For Ni-YSZ anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the main drawback is that they are susceptible to reducing and oxidizing atmosphere changes because of the Ni/NiO volume variation. The anode expansion upon oxidation can cause significant stresses in the cell, eventually leading to failure. In order to improve the redox stability, an analytical model is developed to study the effect of anode structure on redox stability. Compared with the SOFC without AFL, the tensile stresses in the electrolyte and cathode of SOFC with an anode functional layer (AFL) after anode oxidation are increased by 27.07% and 20.77%, respectively. The thickness of the anode structure has a great influence on the structure's stability. Therefore, the influence of anode thickness and AFL thickness on the stress in these two structures after oxidation is also discussed. The thickness of the anode substrate plays a more important role in the SOFC without AFL than in the SOFC with AFL. By increasing the thickness of the anode substrate, the stresses in the electrolyte and cathode decrease. This method provides a theoretical basis for the design of a reliable SOFC in the redox condition and will be more reliable with more experimental proofs in the future.

Electro-Mechanical Coupling Analysis of L-Shaped Three-Dimensional Braided Piezoelectric Composites Vibration Energy Harvester.

In this article, an L-shaped three-dimensional (3D) braided piezoelectric composite energy harvester (BPCEH) is established, which consists of an elastic layer composed of a 3D braided composite, flanked by upper and lower layers of piezoelectric material and two tuning mass blocks. Glass fiber and epoxy resin are used to produce a 3D braided composite. This L-shaped 3D BPCEH is mechanically designable and can be adapted to different work requirements by varying the braided angle of the 3D braided composite layer. The material parameters of 3D braided composites are predicted for different braided angles by means of a representative volume element (RVE). Electro-mechanical coupled vibration equations for the L-shaped 3D BPCEH are established. The impact of braided angles on voltage and power output is discussed in this article. Simulations using finite element method are conducted to analyze the voltage and power output responses at various braided angles. In addition, the effects of the mass of mass block B and the length of the beam on the output performance of the L-shaped 3D BPCEH are analyzed.

Activation of lncRNA DANCR by H3K27 acetylation regulates proliferation of colorectal cancer cells.

The long noncoding DANCR functions as a tumor oncogene in many cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanism of DANCR in CRC has not been explored. This study probed the function and potential mechanism by which DANCR contributes to the progression of CRC. The obtained data indicated that DANCR is overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of DANCR hindered CRC cell proliferation, which was mediated by cyclin D1 and CDK4. Bioinformatic analysis, luciferase reporter assays and subcellular fractionation verified that DANCR directly binds to miR-508-5p. Moreover, DANCR acts as a miR-508-5p ceRNA to regulate expression of ATF1. In addition, upregulation of DANCR is attributed to H3K27 acetylation at the promoter region. In conclusion, our study confirmed that activation of lncRNA DANCR by H3K27 acetylation has an oncogenic role in CRC progression and provides a potential therapeutic target for CRC.

Metal-Free C60-Doped Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Drives Red-Light Photocatalysis.

The pursuit of novel strategies for synthesizing high-performance nanostructures of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has garnered increasing scholarly attention in the field of photocatalysis. Herein, we have successfully designed a metal-free photocatalyst by integrating mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-C3N4) and C60 through a straightforward and innovative method, marking the first instance of such an achievement. Under red light, the C60/mpg-C3N4 composite exhibited a significantly accelerated rhodamine B (RhB) photodecomposition rate, surpassing bulk g-C3N4 by more than 25.8 times and outperforming pure mpg-C3N4 by 7.8 times. The synergistic effect of C60 and the mesoporous structure significantly enhanced the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 by adjusting its electronic structure, broadening the light absorption range, increasing the active sites, and reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers. This work presents a promising avenue for harnessing a metal-free, stable, efficient photocatalyst driven by red light, with potential for enhancing solar energy utilization in environmental remediation.

Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation Combined with Moderate Sedation of Remimazolam Tosilate in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Further clinical validation is required to determine whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) can replace opioids and be used in combination with remimazolam for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS: A total of 108 outpatients who underwent diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly divided into three groups: fentanyl plus remimazolam group (group C), TEAS plus remimazolam group (group E), and placebo-TEAS plus remimazolam group (group P). The assessments of patient satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and pain scale score during the examination constituted the primary endpoints of the study. The secondary endpoints were the time of recovery, recovery of normal behavioral function and discharge, incidence of adverse reactions, and dose of remimazolam. RESULTS: Compared with group C, group E had a greater median score for patient satisfaction at follow-up and a slightly lower median score for physician satisfaction. The pain score of group E was slightly greater than that of group C, but the difference was not significant. However, in group C, the incidence of hypoxemia, the rate of nausea and the severity of vertigo were greater, and the number of patients discharged and resuming normal behavioral function was greater than those in the other two groups. The dose of remimazolam in group C and group E was less than that in group P. CONCLUSIONS: TEAS combined with moderate sedation of remimazolam can provide an ideal sedative effect, which preferably suppresses discomfort caused by gastrointestinal endoscopy and has fewer sedation-related complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ID: NCT05485064; First registration (29/07/2022); Last registration (02/11/2022) (Clinical Trials.gov).

Computational Insights into SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Mutations and Nirmatrelvir Efficacy: The Effects of P132H and P132H-A173V.

Nirmatrelvir, a pivotal component of the oral antiviral Paxlovid for COVID-19, targets the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) as a covalent inhibitor. Here, we employed combined computational methods to explore how the prevalent Omicron variant mutation P132H, alone and in combination with A173V (P132H-A173V), affects nirmatrelvir's efficacy. Our findings suggest that P132H enhances the noncovalent binding affinity of Mpro for nirmatrelvir, whereas P132H-A173V diminishes it. Although both mutants catalyze the rate-limiting step more efficiently than the wild-type (WT) Mpro, P132H slows the overall rate of covalent bond formation, whereas P132H-A173V accelerates it. Comprehensive analysis of noncovalent and covalent contributions to the overall binding free energy of the covalent complex suggests that P132H likely enhances Mpro sensitivity to nirmatrelvir, while P132H-A173V may confer resistance. Per-residue decompositions of the binding and activation free energies pinpoint key residues that significantly affect the binding affinity and reaction rates, revealing how the mutations modulate these effects. The mutation-induced conformational perturbations alter drug-protein local contact intensities and the electrostatic preorganization of the protein, affecting noncovalent binding affinity and the stability of key reaction states, respectively. Our findings inform the mechanisms of nirmatrelvir resistance and sensitivity, facilitating improved drug design and the detection of resistant strains.

Clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy of calcaneal osteomyelitis: A systematic review with synthesis analysis 1118 reported cases.

BACKGROUND: Calcaneal osteomyelitis (CO) still poses great challenges to orthopaedic surgeons due to unique anatomic and functional features of the calcaneus. This study summarized the current data regarding clinical characteristics, treatment and efficacy of CO, based on an analysis of literature-reported cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to find English and Chinese studies reporting on CO patients between 2000 and 2021, with available data for synthesis analysis. The quality of the included studies was evaluated by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) assessment scale. Effective data were extracted and pooled for analysis. RESULTS: Altogether 198 studies involving 1118 patients were included, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.3 (724 males and 310 females). The median age at CO diagnosis was 46 years, with a median symptom duration of 3 months. Injury-related infections (524 cases) and diabetic foot infections (336 cases) were the two most common causes, with ulcer (468 cases) and wound sinus or exudation (209 cases) being the predominant symptoms. The overall positive culture rate was 80.2%, with polymicrobial infections accounting for 18.1%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently detected pathogen (42.7%), with fungal-related infections isolated in 17 cases. Although most patients received surgical interventions (96.9%), the recurrence rate was 20.1%. The incidence of infection relapse following partial calcanectomy, total calcanectomy, debridement with implantation of local antibiotics, and debridement with or without flap or skin coverage were 31.7%, 45.0%, 16.8%, and 15.1%, respectively. The overall incidence of limb amputation was 12.4%, with all-cause and CO-related mortalities of 2.8% and 0.2%, separately. CONCLUSIONS: CO shared similar characteristics with extremity chronic osteomyelitis, primarily affecting young males, with trauma and diabetic foot as the leading causes and Staphylococcus aureus as the most frequently detected pathogen. Despite surgery being the primary treatment modality, clinical outcomes remained unsatisfactory, marked by high rates of infection recurrence and limb amputation.

Hijacking autophagy for infection by flaviviruses.

Autophagy is a lysosomal degradative pathway, which regulates the homeostasis of eukaryotic cells. This pathway can degrade misfolded or aggregated proteins, clear damaged organelles, and eliminate intracellular pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. But, not all types of viruses are eliminated by autophagy. Flaviviruses (e.g., Yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, Hepatitis C, Dengue, Zika, and West Nile viruses) are single-stranded and enveloped RNA viruses, and transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of arthropods, leading to severe and widespread illnesses. Like the coronavirus SARS-CoV-II, flaviviruses hijack autophagy for their infection and escape from host immune clearance. Thus, it is possible to control these viral infections by inhibiting autophagy. In this review, we summarize recent research progresses on hijacking of autophagy by flaviviruses and discuss the feasibility of antiviral therapies using autophagy inhibitors.

Dual-Step Redox Engineering of 2D CoNi-Alloy Embedded B, N-Doped Carbon Layers Toward Tunable Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Light-Weight Infrared Stealth Heat Insulation Devices.

2D layered metallic graphite composites are promising electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EWAMs) for their combined properties of abundant interlayer free spaces, rich metallic polarized sites, and high conductivity, but the controllable synthesis remains rather challenging. Herein, a dual-step redox engineering strategy is developed by employing cobalt boron imidazolate framework (Co-BIF) to construct 2D CoNi-alloy embedded B, N-doped carbon layers (2D-CNC) as a promising EWAM. In the first step, a chemical etching oxidation process on Co-BIF is used to obtain an optimized 2D-CoNi-layered double hydroxide (2D-CoNi-LDH) intermediate and in the second, high-temperature calcination reduction is implemented to modify graphitization of the degree of the 2D-CNC. The obtained sample delivers superior reflection loss (RLmin) of -60.1 dB and wide effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.24 GHz. The synergy mechanisms of interfacial/dipole polarization and magnetic coupling are in-depth evidenced by the hologram and Lorentz electron microscopy, revealing its significant contribution on multireflection and impedance matching. Further theoretical evaluation by COMSOL simulation in different fields based on the dynamic loss process toward the test ring reveals the in situ EW attenuation process. This work presents a strategy to develop multifunctional light-weight infrared stealthy aerogel with superior pressure-resistant, anti-corrosion, and heat-insulating properties for future applications.

Hepatocyte-Specific Fads1 Overexpression Attenuates Western Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes in a Rat Model.

Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) synthesis. Reduced activity of FADS1 was observed in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 8 (AAV8) mediated hepatocyte-specific overexpression of Fads1 (AAV8-Fads1) attenuates western diet-induced metabolic phenotypes in a rat model. Male weanling Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a chow diet, or low-fat high-fructose (LFHFr) or high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHFr) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Metabolic phenotypes were evaluated at the endpoint. AAV8-Fads1 injection restored hepatic FADS1 protein levels in both LFHFr and HFHFr-fed rats. While AAV8-Fads1 injection led to improved glucose tolerance and insulin signaling in LFHFr-fed rats, it significantly reduced plasma triglyceride (by ~50%) and hepatic cholesterol levels (by ~25%) in HFHFr-fed rats. Hepatic lipidomics analysis showed that FADS1 activity was rescued by AAV8-FADS1 in HFHFr-fed rats, as shown by the restored arachidonic acid (AA)/dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) ratio, and that was associated with reduced monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Our data suggest that the beneficial role of AAV8-Fads1 is likely mediated by the inhibition of fatty acid re-esterification. FADS1 is a promising therapeutic target for MASLD in a diet-dependent manner.

A modular platform to generate functional sympathetic neuron-innervated heart assembloids.

The technology of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based 3D organoid/assembloid cultures has become a powerful tool for the study of human embryonic development, disease modeling and drug discovery in recent years. The autonomic sympathetic nervous system innervates and regulates almost all organs in the body, including the heart. Yet, most reported organoids to date are not innervated, thus lacking proper neural regulation, and hindering reciprocal tissue maturation. Here, we developed a simple and versatile sympathetic neuron (symN)-innervated cardiac assembloid without the need for bioengineering. Our human sympathetic cardiac assembloids (hSCAs) showed mature muscle structures, atrial to ventricular patterning, and spontaneous beating. hSCA-innervating symNs displayed neurotransmitter synthesis and functional regulation of the cardiac beating rate, which could be manipulated pharmacologically or optogenetically. We modeled symN-mediated cardiac development and myocardial infarction. This hSCAs provides a tool for future neurocardiotoxicity screening approaches and is highly versatile and modular, where the types of neuron (symN or parasympathetic or sensory neuron) and organoid (heart, lung, kidney) to be innervated may be interchanged.

Impact of Early Rehabilitation Nursing on Postoperative Cardiac Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation.

Background: Background • Radiofrequency ablation, a widely utilized minimally invasive surgery for atrial fibrillation treatment, has certain latent risks, including a high postoperative recurrence rate and various complications. Therefore, nursing intervention plays a pivotal role in the rehabilitation process after radiofrequency ablation. Background: Objective • This study aims to investigate the impact of rehabilitation nursing on postoperative cardiac function and quality of life in patients with atrial fibrillation. Background: Methods • A total of 156 atrial fibrillation patients who underwent radiofrequency ablation and were admitted to our hospital from June 2018 to June 2023 were randomly assigned to either the control group or the research group. The control group received routine nursing, while the research group received early rehabilitation nursing in addition to routine care. A comparative analysis was conducted on cardiac function, hospital stay, incidence of complications, emotional well-being, sleep quality, overall quality of life, and nursing satisfaction between the two groups. Background: Results • In comparison to the control group, the research group exhibited an elevation in left ventricular ejection fraction, along with a reduction in left ventricular end-systolic diameter and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (P < .05). Moreover, the research group demonstrated a shorter hospital stay and a lower incidence of complications compared to the control group (P < .05). Following nursing intervention, anxiety and depression scores, as well as sleep quality scores, were lower in the research group than in the control group (P < .05). Additionally, quality of life scores and nursing satisfaction were higher in the research group than in the control group (P < .05). Background: Conclusions • Early rehabilitation nursing emerges as a valuable intervention, expediting the recovery of postoperative cardiac function and enhancing the overall quality of life in atrial fibrillation patients. These findings emphasize its clinical significance.

Comparison of ICG-Guided Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging and Modified Inflation-Deflation Method in Identifying the Intersegmental Plane During Lung Segmentectomy of Infants.

BACKGROUND: The identification of the intersegmental plane (ISP) is a crucial step in segmentectomy for children with congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) due to complex anatomical variations. However, there is very limited literature available on this aspect specifically for infant. In this study, we compared the intravenous indocyanine green (ICG)-guided near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging method with the modified inflation-deflation method in terms of their perioperative characteristics and summarized our experience. METHODS: From June 2021 to November 2022, the data of 83 patients with CPAM who underwent segmentectomy by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-eight patients underwent ICG-guided NIRF method, and 56 patients underwent the modified inflation-deflation method, characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 4.99 months (4.99 ± 1.51) with a mean body weight of 7.54 kg (7.54 ± 1.99). Both methods could accurately identify the ISP. The time taken to clearly display the ISP was shorter in ICG group than in the modified inflation-deflation group (0.18 ± 0.08 vs. 6.49 ± 1.67 min; P < 0.001), and the surgical duration (61.32 ± 14.28 vs. 88.18 ± 8.03 min; P < 0.001) were significantly shorter in the ICG group too. The two groups exhibited differences in the length of chest tube drainage (1.75 ± 1.24 vs. 2.36 ± 1.54 days; P = 0.072) and the length of hospital stay (4.61 ± 1.75 vs. 5.20 ± 3.07 days; P = 0.078), however, the differences were not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the blood lost and postoperative complications. At a follow-up of more than 1 year after operation, all patients had recovered well without recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, the ICG-guided NIRF method was safe and feasible for infants during thoracoscopic segmentectomy, it can quickly display the ISP and shorten the surgical duration compared with the modified inflation-deflation method.

Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new species of Grifola (Polyporales) from Yunnan, China.

Species of Grifola are famous edible mushrooms and are deeply loved by consumers around the world. Most species of this genus have been described and recorded in Oceania, Europe and South America, with only Grifolafrondosa being recorded in Asia. In this study, two novel species of Grifola from southwestern China (Asia) are introduced. Macro and micromorphological characters are described. Grifolaedulissp. nov. present medium-size basidiomata with gray to gray-brown lobes upper surface, mostly tibiiform or narrowly clavate, rarely narrowly lageniform or ellipsoid chlamydospores, cuticle hyphae terminal segments slightly enlarged. Grifolasinensissp. nov. has white to grayish white lobes upper surface, mostly ellipsoid, rarely narrowly utriform chlamydospores, and broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid basidiospores (4.6-7.9 × 3.0-5.9 µm). The two new species are supported by phylogenetic analyses of combined nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA (ITS) and ß-tubulin (TUBB). Moreover, the genetic distance between TUBB sequences of those specimen from GenBank was 1.76-1.9%. Thus, the conspecificity relationship of our specimens remains uncertain, and further specimens are required to conclusively confirm its identity.

[Effect of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Organic Carbon Storage in Coal Mining Areas Based on Meta-analysis].

Coal mining is the world's primary means of coping with an increasing energy demand. However, with the mining of coal, the regional ecosystem has been damaged to varying degrees, resulting in a decrease in the "carbon sink" capacity. Vegetation restoration is the basis for the restoration of degraded ecosystems and carbon sequestration functions in mining areas. However, no systematic studies have been conducted on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon in coal mining areas on a global scale. Therefore, it is not possible to accurately predict the response of the global SOC pool to vegetation restoration. In this study, soil physicochemical properties of vegetation restoration were collected from 112 peer-reviewed articles to assess the effects of vegetation restoration type, soil depth, restoration year, mean annual temperature, annual precipitation, and elevation on soil organic carbon in coal mining areas and to identify relevant key drivers. The results showed that the damaged coal mine area could significantly improve the physicochemical properties of the soil through vegetation restoration. The restored soils had 39.02% higher SOC reserves compared to that in unrestored or naturally restored soils. When environmental factors were not considered, the vegetation restoration types that were favorable for SOC stock accumulation were cropland > woodland > grassland > shrubland. All four types of vegetation restoration significantly increased the SOC storage in the surface layer (0-20 cm). Grassland and shrubs significantly increased SOC storage at depth (>40 cm), whereas SOC storage at depth under woodland and farmland types was not significantly different from SOC storage after unrestored or natural restoration. The increasing trend of SOC storage after vegetation restoration decreased with increasing soil depth. The specific vegetation restoration strategy should select the appropriate vegetation type according to the climatic conditions. The types of vegetation restoration with higher carbon sequestration effects in damaged coal mining areas with mean annual temperature <0℃ and mean annual precipitation <500 mm were grassland or shrubland. In contrast, woodland and cropland restoration types could better increase SOC storage in environments with mean annual temperature >15℃ and annual precipitation >800 mm. TN, BD, AN, and AK were the main factors influencing the ability to affect soil carbon sequestration. This study can provide a theoretical reference for quantifying the carbon sequestration effects of different vegetation restoration measures in damaged coal mining areas and the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems.

Hetero-Interface Engineering on 9.0 wt% CoOx -Doped CeO2 Nanorods as Electromagnetic Wave Absorber and Integrated into Multifunctional Aerogel.

Ceria (CeO2 ) becomes a promising candidate as electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) for their abundant natural source, rich oxygen vacancy, charge conversion, and electron transfer abilities. However, it remains challenging to regulate its nanoscale and atom-scale composition to optimize the absorbing performance and develop high-performance commercial devices. Herein, a facile method to large-scale synthesis CeO2 @Co-x% (x = 5, 7, 9, 11, 13) series EWAMs with diverse amounts of decorated CoOx is presented. By modulating the ratio of doped CoOx , a rational hetero-interface is created in CeO2 @Co-9% to enhance natural and exchange resonances, improving magnetic loss capability and optimizing impedance matching. Doped CoOx promotes the charge accumulation, interfacial polarization, and multiple scattering of the CeO2 for strengthening the EW absorption and attenuation, which display superb minimum reflective loss (RLmin ) of -74.4 dB with a wide effective absorbing bandwidth (EAB) of 5.26 GHz. Furthermore, a dual crosslinking strategy is employed to fabricate CeO2 @Co-9% into an aerogel device with integrated lightweight, heat insulation, compression resistance, and fame-retardant functions. This work presents an excellent example of large-scale fast synthesis of high-performance CeO2 -based EWAMs and multiplication 3D devices.

UV-modification of Ag nanoparticles on α-MoCx for interface polarization engineering in electromagnetic wave absorption.

The design of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials (EWAMs) has aroused great attention with the express development of electromagnetic devices, which pose a severe EM pollution risk to human health. Herein, an Ag-doped MoCx composite was designed and constructed through a UV-light-induced self-reduction process. The UV-reduction time was controlled on the α-MoC polymer for 0.5-2 hours for modifying different amounts of Ag. As a result, α-MoC@Ag-1.5 exhibited the strongest RLmin of -56.51 dB at 8.8 GHz under a thickness of 3.0 mm and the widest EAB of 4.96 GHz (12.16-17.12 GHz) covering a substantial portion of the Ku-band at a thickness of 2.0 mm due to the synergy of the conductivity loss and abundant interfacial polarization sites. Additionally, a new strategy for computer simulation technology was proposed to simulate substantial radar cross-sectional reduction values with real far-field conditions, whereby absorbing coatings with α-MoC@Ag-1.5 were proved to contribute to a remarkable radar cross-sectional reduction of 37.4 dB m2.

Environmental exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances mixture and asthma in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Previous epidemiological studies about the relationship between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations and adolescent asthma have typically examined single PFAS, without considering the mixtures effects of PFAS. METHODS: Using data from the 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 886 adolescents aged 12-19 years were included in this study. We explored the association between PFAS mixture concentrations and adolescent asthma using weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models, respectively. RESULTS: After adjusting for confounders, the results of the WQS regression and BKMR models were consistent, with mixed exposure to the five PFAS not significantly associated with asthma in all adolescents. The association remained nonsignificant in the subgroup analysis by sex. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated no significant association between mixed exposure to PFAS and adolescent asthma, and more large cohort studies are needed to confirm this in the future.