Racial effects on masimo pulse oximetry: impact of low perfusion index.

PURPOSE:  Evaluate the SpO2-SaO2 difference between Black and White volunteer subjects having a low perfusion index (Pi) compared to those having a normal Pi. METHODS:  The Pi data were abstracted from electronic files collected on 7183 paired SpO2-SaO2 samples (3201 Black and 3982 White) from a recently reported desaturation study of 75 subjects (39 Black and 36 White) where SaO2 values were sequentially decreased from 100 to 70%. The Pi values from that dataset were divided into two groups (Pi ≤ 1 or Pi > 1) for analysis. A Pi value ≤ 1 was considered "low perfusion" and a Pi value > 1 was considered "normal perfusion". Statistical calculations included values of bias (mean difference of SpO2-SaO2), precision (standard deviation of the difference), and accuracy (root-mean-square error [ARMS]). During conditions of low perfusion (Pi ≤ 1, range [0.1 to 1]), overall bias and precision were + 0.48% ± 1.59%, while bias and precision were + 0.19 ± 1.53%, and + 0.91 ± 1.57%, for Black and White subjects, respectively. RESULTS:  During normal perfusion (Pi > 1, range [1 to 12]), overall bias and precision were + 0.18% ± 1.34%, while bias and precision were -0.26 ± 1.37%, and - 0.12 ± 1.31%, for Black and White subjects, respectively. ARMS was 1.37% in all subjects with normal perfusion and 1.64% in all subjects with low perfusion. CONCLUSION:  Masimo SET® pulse oximeters with RD SET® sensors are accurate for individuals of both Black and White races when Pi is normal, as well as during conditions when Pi is low. The ARMS for all conditions studied is well within FDA standards. This study was conducted in healthy volunteers during well-controlled laboratory desaturations, and results could vary under certain challenging clinical conditions.

Commentary on an Innovative Interprofessional Dental Practice for 2026.

UNLABELLED: An innovative interprofessional model is described for the delivery of dental care in the year 2026 to optimize efficiency and profitability while enhancing quality of care. BACKGROUND: The dental practice of tomorrow may look different than today. Although not broken, the current system can be improved in efficiency and effectiveness. Although traditional private practices will continue to exist and many will thrive over the next decades, they may not present the optimal model for dental practice. To manage complex patient needs, a more collaborative model of multidisciplinary, interprofessional clinical teams capable of treating patients comprehensively has been suggested by the authors. They explore an alternative model of practice that may be possible in the next 10 years to better serve patients and improve outcomes while honoring the role of practitioners. METHODS: Landmark publications and reviews are used to examine evidence showing the potential benefits of an innovative interprofessional approach to the delivery of care in the oral health care setting. CONCLUSIONS: By examining key studies, the authors provide commentary on the potential for enhanced efficiency, profitability, and quality of care in the oral health care setting through a collaborative model of multidisciplinary, interprofessional clinical teams capable of treating patients comprehensively.