NANOPARTICLES AND COLORECTAL CANCER: CAN THE USE OF METAL NANOPARTICLE COMPOSITIONS AFFECT OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS AND COLON HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES UNDER DMH-INDUCED CARCINOGENESIS.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) - a significant global health challenge. Exploring biological markers of oxidative stress is crucial, as they can play an essential role in initiating the transition from an organ's "healthy state" to a "malignant injury." There is substantial promise in investigating the level of 8-isoprostane (8-isoPGF2α) as a novel and dependable marker of oxidative stress. This paper presents that 8-isoprostane levels have been linked to the development of severe structural changes in the colon wall, accompanied by endogenic intoxication syndrome. The obtained results prove the strong connection between oxidative stress and carcinogenesis progression. Our research further illustrates the favorable and potentially beneficial impact of the Au/Ag/Fe NPs composition, which can find utility in a diverse range of contemporary applications.

[NEUROPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF AMINOGUANIDINE IN EXPERIMENTAL OBSTETRIC ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME].

The aim of the research was to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine on the content of autoantibodies in the serum, nitric oxide synthesis (NO), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content and indicators of free radical oxidation in the cerebral hemispheres of BALB/c mice with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) on the 18th day of pregnancy. An increase in the content of autoantibodies to brain proteins (120 kDa, 150 kDa, and >170 kDa) was detected in the serum of BALB/c mice with APS on the 18th day of pregnancy. An increase in the content of GFAP (total), GFAP (49-37 kDa), NO2¯, NO3¯ and prooxidant-antioxidant system imbalance in the cerebral hemispheres of pregnant mice with APS was established. With administration of aminoguanidine into the pregnant mice with APS, a decrease in the content of autoantibodies to brain proteins (120 kDa and 150 kDa) in serum was proved. With the introduction of aminoguanidine, a selective inhibitor of inducible NO synthase on the 18th day of pregnancy the increase in GFAP (49-37 kDa) in the cerebral hemispheres of APS mice was established, and the GFAP (total), NO2¯ and NO3¯ content did not change significantly, relative to the indicators of pregnant animals with APS. With introduction of aminoguanidine in cases of APS on the 18th day of pregnancy lesser manifestations of oxidative stress in the cerebral hemispheres, a decrease in the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, an increase in the activity and content of the antioxidant system components was evidenced. Thus, aminoguanidine has a neuroprotective effect in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome in the BALB/c mice.

CHANGES OF CYTOLYSIS INDICATORS IN RATS' BLOOD RESULTED FROM SIMULTANEOUS INTOXICATION WITH TOBACCO SMOKE AND SODIUM NITRITE AFTER USING MILDRONATE.

The article is devoted to an experimental study of the effect of tobacco smoke and the effect of sodium nitrite on the background of tobacco intoxication on the body of rats of different age groups and to identify violations caused by these toxicants. It has been established that under the conditions of nitrite-tobacco intoxication, a more pronounced cytolysis of the cells takes place, which leads to a change in the permeability of the plasma membranes than in case of poisoning with only tobacco smoke. Immature rats were the most sensitive to the action of toxicants, in which the activity of membrane-dependent enzymes was more statistically significant (ALT activity in the serum increased 7,7 times, AST - 5 times, GGTP - 4,1 times, LDH - 1,8 times; p ≤ 0.05) at the end of the study. In the same group of rats, the highest percentage of permeability of the erythrocyte membrane was revealed, as indicated by its index (55,6% higher than normal, in mature animals 38% EII was higher than in intact control animals, in old ones - 54%). When using an antihypoxant, it was noted that mildronate significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the activity of indicator enzymes in the blood serum of rats during the whole experiment, and also led to a decrease in the erythrocyte index of intoxication in the blood of rats of all age groups. To confirm the obtained results, morphological studies of the organs of rats of different age groups were carried out after sodium was damaged by nitrite against the background of tobacco intoxication and the effect of the metabolic action of mildronate on them. The membrane-protective properties of mildronate have been proven, which makes it possible to use it in various pathologies accompanied by the development of cytolytic syndrome.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN SPLEEN UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC CARCINOGENESIS.

Under development of dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinomatosis of the large intestine in white outbred male rats morphological changes of the structural components of the spleen were studied. It was found, that the progression of experimental carcinogenesis is accompanied by severe violations of the morphological state of all structural components of the spleen, manifested by destructively degenerative changes of the stroma, red and white pulp and significant vascular disorders. The severity of the pathomorphological changes in the spleen increases directly proportionally to the increase of the duration of the oncogenic factor impact.

SORPTION CORRECTION OF NEPHRON SUB-MICROSCOPIC CHANGES CAUSED BY NEOPLASTIC CHRONIC INTOXICATION WITH THE APPLICATION OF CYTOSTATIC THERAPY.

The electron microscopic changes of the nephron structural components under conditions of dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced carcinogenesis with the development of colorectal adenocarcinoma in situ were evaluated. Destructive changes in epitheliocytes of proximal and distal tubules of the nephron, microcirculation disturbances in renal corpuscles and tubular structure are evidences of disorder in urine formation stages. Аdministration of cytostatics aggravates the degree of destructive changes in the kidney. The application of carbon enterosorbent of IV generation "Carboline" for chronic neoplastic endotoxemia correction in combination with chemotherapy components significantly reduces the structural changes of the cortical substance of the kidneys, activates processes of reparative regeneration. The normalization of the morphological structure of the nephron components is an indication of the recovery of the test organ functions.