Biochemical and Morphological Parameters of Inbred/Outbred Lines and DBCB Tetrahybrid Mouse in High-Sugar In Vivo Model of Metabolic Syndrome.

Integral, biochemical, and morphological parameters and concentrations of vitamins, particularly lipid soluble vitamins, were analyzed in female mice of inbred DBA/2J line, outbred ICR-1 (CD-1) line, and DBCB tetrahybrid mice on the in vivo model of metabolic syndrome induced by consumption of 30% sucrose for 2 days. In contrast to inbred and outbred lines, DBCB tetrahybrid mice developed abdominal obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and pronounced morphological picture of fatty liver disease. The lipid-coupled transport of vitamin E to the liver is also enhanced in these animals, which compensated decreased supply of vitamin E to the liver under conditions of high-sugar ration. The observed interstrain differences can be related to genetic features of the used mouse lines and DBCB tetrahybrid mice and require further genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and morphological studies. The results of the study based on the in vivo model of metabolic syndrome allow identifying the key biomarkers for complex diagnostics and prognosis of metabolic syndrome complications, such as nonalcoholic steatosis of the liver.

[Subacute oral toxicity in vivo of multi-walled carbon nanotubes].

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are regarded as environmental pollutants with increased risk. Recently MWCNTs have attracted attention as a promising component of packaging materials for food products, as carriers for agricultural plant growth stimulants, agrochemicals components and advanced pesticides, which creates the possibility of their exposure through the gastrointestinal tract. Objective of the research is assessment of sub-acute oral toxicity to rats of MWСNTs in an experiment lasting 100 days. MWCNTs preparation «Taunit-M®¼ was preliminary characterized by electron microscopy and Raman light scattering. Nanomaterial was administered to animals as sonicated dispersion in water with 1% by weight of nonionic surfactant Tween 20. The experiment was performed on 80 growing male Wistar rats with initial body weight (b.w.) 86±2 g. Rats of experimental groups (from 2nd to 5th) received MWCNTs dispersion instead of drinking water, the animals of the 1st control group - a carrier solution (Tween 20). Doses of MWCNTs consumed were, respectively, in groups 1-5: 0; 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg b.w. Hematological and biochemical indices of blood were determined together with the activity of glutathione peroxidase of erythrocytes, the content of non-protein thiols in the liver, excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-G) and content of the main and transient components of gastrointestinal microbiocenosis in the cecum contents. Apoptosis of hepatocytes was studied by flow cytometry. As a result MWCNTs led to increase of blood glucose and creatinine in rats in group 2, a significant decrease in the number of neutrophils and monocytes by increasing the number of lymphocytes, decreased platelet volume, the most pronounced also in group 2, receiving the lowest dose of MWCNTs. There were no signs of oxidative DNA damage identified. At the lowest dose MWCNTs caused a significant decrease in the number of bifidobacteria, increase - citrate-assimilating Enterobacteriaceae, hemolytic aerobic microorganisms and yeast. These changes in the microbiota should be considered as adverse, apparently leading to disturbances in the immune function.

[The study of energy balance in individuals with the Trp64Arg polymorphism of the ß3-adrenoreceptor gene].

The study involved 104 people living in the Moscow region, including 18 men and 86 women aged 18 to 67 years. Genotyping of rs4994 ADRB3 polymorphisms was performed using allele-specific amplification, with result detection in real time and using TaqMan-probes complementary to polymorphic DNA regions. The frequency of the mutant allele in individuals was 8.0%, while the Trp64Trp genotype was detected in 84.0% of cases, Trp64Ar - in 16.0%, AA - in 19.0%. Compared with men with genotype Trp64Trp, the men with the Trp64Ar polymorphisms (rs4994) of ADRB3 gene had significantly lower energy expenditure at rest value, calculated per kg of body muscle mass that was associated with higher fat mass, levels of blood serum leptin and LDL cholesterol. The data obtained suggested that leptin could be a possible intermediary contributing to the association between the rs4994 polymorphism of ADRB3 gene and energy disbalance.