Multidrug-resistant Bacillus species isolated from hospital soil environment is controlled by nanobiotics incorporated nanoformulation.

Multidrug resistance is a serious hazard to the environment, it claims a large number of lives every year. Lack of drug options and easy transmission of these organisms remain the biggest threat in treating the relative infections whose causative systems have evolved and become stronger in due course of time. Hospitals serve as one of the largest breeding grounds for harbouring these organisms. This study aims to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant microorganisms from soil samples collected from hospital waste dumping premises. Polyherbal nanoformulation was synthesized from ethno-medicinal source Triphala (three berries) and characterized using various physico-chemical characterization techniques. The antibacterial efficacy of the polyherbal nanoformulation was evaluated by employing various assays to determine MIC, MBC, and biofilm inhibition potential in isolated strains. Bacterial colonies were isolated and the DNA was sequenced. The isolated organisms were identified as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, and Bacillus pumilus and they were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility by using various antibiotics. It was found that all the microorganisms were multidrug-resistant and possessed resistance to various classes of antibiotics. The various antibacterial assays showed that the polyherbal nanoformulation was highly effective in controlling growth and biofilm formation even at lower concentrations when compared with commercial antibiotics. The novelty of this research work lies in combining the beneficial effects of silver and polyherbal drugs into a single Polyherbal nanoformulation. This is the first novel report to utilize polyherbal nanoformulation to control the multidrug-resistant microorganisms thriving in hospital waste dumping sites. Hence, this nanobiotics incorporated polyherbal nanoformulation can be developed into a commercial product to treat the hospital waste material before dumping it into the environment.

Evaluation of Time-Dependent Corrosion Inhibition Rate for f-MWCNT-BCP Composite Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel in Simulated Body Fluid for Orthopedic Implantation.

A well-developed-multiwall carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT)/biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) composites were synthesized using ultrasonication method for orthopedic implantation applications. The formation of composites and its phase was confirmed by using X-ray diffraction. The presence of various functional groups was identified by using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The presence of f-MWCNT was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) analysis revealed that BCP units were bound by the surface of f-MWCNTs. The synthesized composites were coated on medical grade 316L stainless steel substrates using electro deposition technique. To determine its corrosion resistance characteristics, the developed substrates were exposed to a simulated bodily fluid (SBF) solution for 0, 4, and 7 days. These results strongly suggest that the coated composites can be utilized for bone tissue repair.

Multi potent aromatic nano colloid: synthesis, characterization and applications.

In this study the aromatic nanocolloids (CANCs) are synthesized using the noble metal silver by using Citronella extract and confirmed through physio chemical analysis. The synthesised CANCs were evaluated for its antimicrobial activity and antibiofilm activity against pathogenic biofilm forming E. coli. In addition, synthesized CANCs were evaluated for the expression of virulent genes encoding AmpC and CTX-M-15. The results confirmed that CANCs showed effective antimicrobial activity through its bacteriostatic, bactericidal and quorum quencher activity and downregulated CTX-M-15 gene. CANCs were validated as alternate to the commercial fungicides to control plant pathogenic fungi such as A. niger MTCC (281), Fusarium graminearum MTCC (2089) and F. udum MTCC (2204). Furthermore, analysis of CANCs on breast cancer (MCF-7) cells under in vitro condition showed that the cytotoxicity of CANCs is dose dependent. Thus, the multifunctional CANCs can be utilized as potential antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer agent.

Biogenic AgNPs synthesized via endophytic bacteria and its biological applications.

In this present study, the endophytic bacteria were isolated from the drought-tolerant ornamental plant Pennisetum setaceum. The biomass of endophytic bacteria was utilized for the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy followed by SEM analysis. The antibacterial studies were performed through MIC, MBC, and biofilm assays. Efficacy of AgNPs against the human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells was also tested, and the IC50 was determined by MTT assay. In our study, we have observed that the synthesized AgNPs exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxicity (1-100 µg/mL) against MCF-7 cells and morphological alterations of the cells were also visualized and the IC50 was observed at 50 µg/mL. The treatment of synthesized AgNPs altered the expression of apoptotic proteins including Bax, Bcl-2, and inflammatory marker COX-2 in MCF-7 cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates the AgNPs from endophytic bacteria isolated from the plant Pennisetum setaceum can induce apoptosis in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Our results suggest that AgNPs used in this study can be utilized to control human pathogens and can also be utilized to induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells.