Three New Species of Sciadicleithrum (Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) Parasitizing Cichlid Fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) in the Northeastern Peru.

INTRODUCTION: The present study describes three new dactylogyrid species infecting the gill filaments of cichlid fishes (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the Amazon basin, Peru: Sciadicleithrum amazoniensis n. sp. on Biotodoma cupido (Heckel, 1840), and Sciadicleithrum feliciajaramae n. sp. and Sciadicleithrum souzatecci n. sp. on Bujurquina peregrinabunda Kullander, 1986. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Some monogeneans were stained with Gomori's trichrome and mounted in Canada Balsam to determine internal soft structures. Others were cleared in Hoyer's medium for the study of sclerotized structures. Drawings were made using a drawing tube and a microprojector. RESULTS: Sciadicleithrum amazoniensis n. sp. is characterized by the presence of a male copulatory organ (MCO) with a coil of approximately 2 counterclockwise rings, an accessory piece articulated to base of the MCO with an expanded proximal end and a bifurcated distal end, and a sinistral vaginal aperture. Sciadicleithrum feliciajaramae n. sp. can be differentiated from all its congeners by its J-shaped MCO with about half a counterclockwise loop and a rod-shaped accessory piece articulated to the base of the MCO, with the distal end bent. Sciadicleithrum souzatecci n. sp. differs from all other members of Sciadicleithrum by having an elongated MCO with about a clockwise loop and a funnel-shaped base. Additionally, Sciadicleithrum souzatecci n. sp. is characterized by its weakly sclerotized, C-shaped accessory piece with a robust middle process. CONCLUSIONS: Present findings are added to the other 26 species previously known in Sciadicleithrum.This is the first data on the parasites of B. peregrinabunda.

Equal Maintenance of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Levels Induced by Heterologous and Homologous Regimens of the BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, CoronaVac and Ad26.COV2.S Vaccines: A Longitudinal Study Up to the 4th Dose of Booster.

Several technological approaches have been used to develop vaccines against COVID-19, including those based on inactivated viruses, viral vectors, and mRNA. This study aimed to monitor the maintenance of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in individuals from Brazil according to the primary vaccination regimen, as follows: BNT162b2 (group 1; 22) and ChAdOx1 (group 2; 18). Everyone received BNT162b2 in the first booster while in the second booster CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2.S, or BNT162b2. Blood samples were collected from 2021 to 2023 to analyze specific RBD (ELISA) and neutralizing antibodies (PRNT50). We observed a progressive increase in anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies in each subsequent dose, remaining at high titers until the end of follow-up. Group 1 had higher anti-RBD antibody titers than group 2 after beginning the primary regimen, with significant differences after the 2nd and 3rd doses. Group 2 showed a more expressive increase after the first booster with BNT162B2 (heterologous booster). Group 2 also presented high levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Gamma and Delta variants until five months after the second booster. In conclusion, the circulating levels of anti-RBD and neutralizing antibodies against the two variants of SARS-CoV-2 were durable even five months after the 4th dose, suggesting that periodic booster vaccinations (homologous or heterologous) induced long-lasting immunity.

Embryonic development of the scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides) bred in captivity.

Background: The developmental biology of Kinosternon scorpioides is described, based on the phenotype. This species is important for the flora because they are excellent seed disseminators. In addition, basic embryological information is not yet fully clarified, and this research provides unprecedented information on the chelonian embryology of the Amazonian fauna. Aim: The present study aims to identify the embryology of K. scorpioides in captivity during different periods. Methods: Females were monitored throughout the reproductive cycle, by video monitoring, to identify nests and the presence of newly laid eggs. At regular weekly intervals, embryo samples were collected fixed in a 4% paraformol solution and preserved in 70% alcohol. For the embryonic characterization, we used a stereomicroscope and the scanning electron microscopy method. Results: We describe 15 embryonic stages for a 15-week (105-day) incubation process. Only at 42 days (6th week) was the morphological characterization of a chelonian observed and at the 12th week (Stage XII), the phenotypic characterization of the species K. scorpioides. Conclusion: In view of the evidence, we found that these phases are similar to the other turtles, with structural variations in the appearance and disappearance of structures due to the specific characteristics of the species.

Viral Interference between the Insect-Specific Virus Brejeira and the Saint Louis Encephalitis Virus In Vitro.

The Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) is an encephalitogenic arbovirus (Flaviviridae family) that has a wide geographical distribution in the western hemisphere, especially in the Americas. The negevirus Brejeira (BREV) was isolated for the first time in Brazil in 2005. This study aimed to verify the existence of a possible interfering effect of BREV on the course of SLEV infection and vice versa. We used clone C6/36 cells. Three combinations of MOIs were used (SLEV 0.1 × BREV 1; SLEV 1 × BREV 0.1; SLEV 1 × BREV 1) in the kinetics of up to 7 days and then the techniques of indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), a plaque assay on Vero cells, and RT-PCR were performed. Our results showed that the cytopathic effect (CPE) caused by BREV was more pronounced than the CPE caused by SLEV. Results of IFA, the plaque assay, and RT-PCR showed the suppression of SLEV replication in the co-infection condition in all the MOI combinations used. The SLEV suppression was dose-dependent. Therefore, the ISV Brejeira can suppress SLEV replication in Aedes albopictus cells, but SLEV does not negatively interfere with BREV replication.

Os Discursos de Ódio na Contemporaneidade: Da Face Subjetiva à Face Política / Hate Speeches in Contemporaneity: From the Subjective to the Political Aspects / Los Discursos de Odio en la Contemporaneidad: De la Vista Subjetiva a la Vista Política

O presente artigo propõe apresentar algumas contribuições da psicanálise para entender os aspectos subjetivos e políticos presentes no ódio. No atual contexto sociopolítico brasileiro este afeto tem figurado enquanto discurso predominante e espaços como as redes sociais digitais têm se tornado cada vez mais um campo fértil para a sua propagação e legitimação, sendo por vezes sustentado e fomentado pelo aparato institucional público. Esta pesquisa teve como ponto de partida a releitura e reflexão crítica dos textos freudianos, como os que trazem os conceitos de identificação e narcisismo, centrais para entender o que mobiliza e potencializa a incidência deste afeto bem como seus efeitos na contemporaneidade. Neste percurso foi constatado que o ódio comparece sempre na relação com o outro a partir da intolerância a alguma diferença que representa uma ameaça às ilusões narcísicas do sujeito. Embora seja considerado um afeto constitutivo do ser humano, é também um fenômeno cultural, social e político, podendo tornar-se potencialmente destrutivo para a humanidade quando o objetivo se torna segregar pessoas e grupos a fim de se eliminar as diferenças.

This article presents some contributions of psychoanalysis to understand the subjective and political aspects of hatred. In the current Brazilian sociopolitical context, hatred has figured as a predominant discourse, thus, spaces like digital social networks have become a fertile field for its propagation and legitimation, sometimes with the support and instigation of the public institutional apparatus. This study has as its starting point the critical reflection of Freudian texts that address concepts of identification and narcissism, central to understanding what mobilizes and enhances the incidence of this emotion, as well as its effects in contemporary times. In this analysis, it was found that hatred always appears in relationships based on intolerance to differences that might represent a threat to the subject's narcissistic illusions. Although it is considered a constitutive emotion of the human being, hatred is also a cultural, social and political phenomenon, and can become potentially destructive for humanity if used to segregate people and groups in order to eliminate differences.

Este artículo se propone presentar algunos aportes del psicoanálisis para comprender los aspectos subjetivos y políticos presentes en el odio. En el contexto sociopolítico brasileño actual, este afecto ha figurado como un discurso predominante y espacios, como las redes sociales digitales, se han convertido cada vez más en un campo fértil para su propagación y legitimación, siendo a veces apoyado y fomentado por el aparato institucional público. Esta investigación tuvo como punto de partida la relectura y reflexión crítica de textos freudianos, como aquellos que traen los conceptos de identificación y narcisismo, centrales para comprender lo que moviliza y potencia la incidencia de este afecto, así como sus efectos en la contemporaneidad. En ese camino, se constató que el odio siempre aparece en la relación con el otro a partir de la intolerancia a alguna diferencia que representa una amenaza para las ilusiones narcisistas del sujeto. Aunque se considera un afecto constitutivo del ser humano, también es un fenómeno cultural, social y político, y puede volverse potencialmente destructivo para la humanidad cuando el objetivo pasa a ser segregar personas y grupos para eliminar las diferencias.

Absence of Anti-RBD Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infected or Naive Individuals Prior to Vaccination with CoronaVac Leads to Short Protection of Only Four Months Duration.

The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health threat facing the world today. Multiple vaccines have been approved; however, the emergence of viral variants such as the recent Omicron raises the possibility of booster doses to achieve adequate protection. In Brazil, the CoronaVac (Sinovac, Beijing, China) vaccine was used; however, it is important to assess the immune response to this vaccine over time. This study aimed to monitor the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in those immunized with CoronaVac and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Samples were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Within the vaccinated cohort, some individuals had a history of infection by SARS-CoV-2 prior to immunization, while others did not. We analyzed RBD-specific and neutralizing-antibodies. Anti-RBD antibodies were detected in both cohorts, with a peak between 45-90 days post infection or vaccination, followed by a steady decline over time. In those with a previous history of COVID-19, a higher, longer, more persistent response was observed. This trend was mirrored in the neutralization assays, where infection, followed by immunization, resulted in higher, longer lasting responses which were conditioned on the presence of levels of RBD antibodies right before the vaccination. This supports the necessity of booster doses of CoronaVac in due course to prevent serious disease.

Biceps tenotomy or tenodesis in association with rotator cuff repair: is there an influence on functional results? A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Instability or tears of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) may be present in more than 35% of rotator cuff repairs (RCR). OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical results from patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR, according to the procedure performed at the LHBT. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study designed at the shoulder and elbow clinic of Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Functional results among patients were compared using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scales, according to the LHBT approach adopted: no procedure, tenotomy or tenodesis. RESULTS: We evaluated 306 shoulders (289 patients): 133 underwent no procedure at the LHBT, 77 tenotomy and 96 tenodesis. The ASES scale at 24 months showed no difference (P = 0.566) between the groups without LHBT procedure (median 90.0; interquartile range, IQR 29), tenotomy (median 90.0; IQR 32.1) or tenodesis (median 94.4; IQR 22.7); nor did the UCLA scale (median 33; IQR 7 versus median 31; IQR 8 versus median 33; IQR 5, respectively, P = 0.054). The groups differed in the preoperative functional assessment according to the ASES and UCLA scale, such that the tenodesis group started from higher values. However, there was no difference in pre and postoperative scores between the groups. CONCLUSION: Tenodesis or tenotomy of the LHBT, in the sample analyzed, did not influence the clinical results from RCR, as assessed using the ASES and UCLA scales.

Knowledge and attitude about disabilities in leprosy: Effects of an intervention grounded on the Meaningful Learning Theory.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of an educational intervention in the light of the Meaningful Learning Theory on the knowledge and attitude of Primary Health Care physicians and nurses in the assessment of the degree of physical disability in leprosy. METHOD: An intervention study of the before-and-after type, conducted with 122 professionals (84 nurses and 38 physicians) from the Primary Health Care of João Pessoa, Paraíba, in a training course on the assessment of the degree of physical disability in leprosy. The data were collected with the research's own instrument validated and analyzed by the chi-square adherence and proportion test, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS: There was an increase in the scores of all items of the instrument, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in 20 of the 32 items, with emphasis on those related to the professional's technical ability to conduct the stages of anamnesis, palpation of peripheral nerves, sensory and motor evaluation. It is also noteworthy that, after the intervention, 5 items obtained 100% of correct answers. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention grounded on the Meaningful Learning Theory improved the health professionals' knowledge and attitude in the assessment of the degree of physical disability in people with leprosy.

Biceps tenotomy or tenodesis in association with rotator cuff repair: is there an influence on functional results? A retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Instability or tears of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) may be present in more than 35% of rotator cuff repairs (RCR). OBJECTIVE: To compare clinical results from patients undergoing arthroscopic RCR, according to the procedure performed at the LHBT. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort study designed at the shoulder and elbow clinic of Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Functional results among patients were compared using the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scales, according to the LHBT approach adopted: no procedure, tenotomy or tenodesis. RESULTS: We evaluated 306 shoulders (289 patients): 133 underwent no procedure at the LHBT, 77 tenotomy and 96 tenodesis. The ASES scale at 24 months showed no difference (P = 0.566) between the groups without LHBT procedure (median 90.0; interquartile range, IQR 29), tenotomy (median 90.0; IQR 32.1) or tenodesis (median 94.4; IQR 22.7); nor did the UCLA scale (median 33; IQR 7 versus median 31; IQR 8 versus median 33; IQR 5, respectively, P = 0.054). The groups differed in the preoperative functional assessment according to the ASES and UCLA scale, such that the tenodesis group started from higher values. However, there was no difference in pre and postoperative scores between the groups. CONCLUSION: Tenodesis or tenotomy of the LHBT, in the sample analyzed, did not influence the clinical results from RCR, as assessed using the ASES and UCLA scales.

Knowledge and attitude about disabilities in leprosy: Effects of an intervention grounded on the Meaningful Learning Theory / Conocimiento y actitud en relación a las incapacidades en casos de lepra: efectos de una intervención basada en la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo / Conhecimento e atitude sobre incapacidades na hanseníase: efeitos de intervenção fundamentada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa

Abstract Objective: To analyze the effects of an educational intervention in the light of the Meaningful Learning Theory on the knowledge and attitude of Primary Health Care physicians and nurses in the assessment of the degree of physical disability in leprosy. Method: An intervention study of the before-and-after type, conducted with 122 professionals (84 nurses and 38 physicians) from the Primary Health Care of João Pessoa, Paraíba, in a training course on the assessment of the degree of physical disability in leprosy. The data were collected with the research's own instrument validated and analyzed by the chi-square adherence and proportion test, with a 5% significance level. Results: There was an increase in the scores of all items of the instrument, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in 20 of the 32 items, with emphasis on those related to the professional's technical ability to conduct the stages of anamnesis, palpation of peripheral nerves, sensory and motor evaluation. It is also noteworthy that, after the intervention, 5 items obtained 100% of correct answers. Conclusion: The educational intervention grounded on the Meaningful Learning Theory improved the health professionals' knowledge and attitude in the assessment of the degree of physical disability in people with leprosy.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de una intervención educativa a la luz de la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo sobre el conocimiento y la actitud de los médicos y enfermeros de la Atención Primaria de la Salud en la evaluación del grado de discapacidad física en casos de lepra. Método: Estudio de intervención antes y después, realizado con 122 profesionales, 84 enfermeras y 38 médicos, de Atención Primaria de la Salud en João Pessoa, Paraíba, en un curso de capacitación sobre la evaluación del grado de discapacidad física en lepra. Los datos se recolectaron mediante un instrumento validado y se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado de adherencia y proporción, con nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Hubo un aumento en las puntuaciones de todos los ítems del instrumento, con diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p < 0.05) en 20 de los 32 ítems, con énfasis en los ítems referentes a la capacidad técnica del profesional para realizar los pasos de la anamnesis, palpación de los nervios periféricos, evaluación sensorial y motora. Además, es de destacar que luego de la intervención, 5 ítems obtuvieron respuestas 100% correctas. Conclusión: La intervención educativa basada en la Teoría del Aprendizaje Significativo mejoró el conocimiento y la actitud de los profesionales de la salud en la evaluación del grado de discapacidad física de las personas con lepra.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar os efeitos de uma intervenção educativa à luz da Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa sobre o conhecimento e a atitude de médicos e enfermeiros da atenção básica de saúde na avaliação do grau de incapacidade física na hanseníase. Método: Estudo de intervenção do tipo antes e depois, realizado com 122 profissionais, sendo 84 enfermeiros e 38 médicos, da Atenção Básica de Saúde de João Pessoa, Paraíba, em curso de capacitação sobre avaliação do grau de incapacidade física na hanseníase. Os dados foram coletados com instrumento próprio validado e analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado aderência e de proporção, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Houve aumento dos escores de todos os itens do instrumento, com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) em 20 dos 32 itens, com destaque para os itens referentes à capacidade técnica do profissional para conduzir as etapas de anamnese, palpação dos nervos periféricos, avaliação sensitiva e motora. Destaca-se também que após a intervenção 5 itens obtiveram 100% de acertos. Conclusão: Intervenção educativa pautada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa aperfeiçoou o conhecimento e a atitude dos profissionais de saúde na avaliação do grau de incapacidade física de pessoas com hanseníase.

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adults in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 2019. / Prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso em adultos nas capitais e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: Se To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, Brazil, 2019. METHODS: Se Cross-sectional study, with data from the Surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey, 2019. Prevalence was calculated overweight and association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health status, stratified according to sex. RESULTS: Se The prevalence of overweight was 55.9% (95%CI 54.9;56.9), associated in men with age of 35-44 years (PR=1.87 - 95%CI 1.65;2.12), alcohol consumption (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.03;1.15), and hypertension (PR=1.24 - 95%CI 1.17;1.31); and in women, associated to age 45-54 years (PR=2.03 - 95%CI 1.77;2.32), habit of watching television for 3h/day (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.04;1.15), and poor/very poor health status (PR=1.31 - 95%CI 1.20;1.43). CONCLUSION: Se Overweight was observed in more than half of the sample, associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alcohol consumption, in both sexes.

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adults in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 2019 / Prevalencia y factores asociados al sobrepeso en adultos de las capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal, 2019 / Prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso em adultos nas capitais e Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019

Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, Brazil, 2019. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with data from the Surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey, 2019. Prevalence was calculated overweight and association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health status, stratified according to sex. Results: The prevalence of overweight was 55.9% (95%CI 54.9;56.9), associated in men with age of 35-44 years (PR=1.87 ­ 95%CI 1.65;2.12), alcohol consumption (PR=1.09 ­ 95%CI 1.03;1.15), and hypertension (PR=1.24 ­ 95%CI 1.17;1.31); and in women, associated to age 45-54 years (PR=2.03 ­ 95%CI 1.77;2.32), habit of watching television for 3h/day (PR=1.09 ­ 95%CI 1.04;1.15), and poor/very poor health status (PR=1.31 ­ 95%CI 1.20;1.43). Conclusion: Overweight was observed in more than half of the sample, associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alcohol consumption, in both sexes.

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso nas capitais e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados do inquérito Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, 2019. Calculou-se a prevalência de excesso de peso e sua associação com características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e situação de saúde, estratificada segundo sexo. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 55,9% (IC95% 54,9;56,9). Nos homens, ela se associou à idade de 35-44 anos (RP=1,87 ­ IC95% 1,65;2,12), consumo de álcool (RP=1,09 ­ IC95% 1,03;1,15) e hipertensão (RP=1,24 ­ IC95% 1,17;1,31), enquanto nas mulheres, associou-se à idade de 45-54 anos (RP=2,03 ­ IC95% 1,77;2,32), hábito de assistir televisão 3h/dia (RP=1,09 ­ IC95% 1,04;1,15) e estado de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,31 ­ IC95% 1,20;1,43). Conclusão: Observou-se excesso de peso em mais da metade da amostra, associado a hipertensão, diabetes mellitus e consumo de álcool, em ambos os sexos.

Erisipela e celulite: diagnóstico, tratamento e cuidados gerais / Erysipela and cellulitis: diagnosis, treatment and general care

Objetivo: sumarizar o diagnóstico, o tratamento e os cuidados gerais prestados aos pacientes acometidos por erisipela ou celulite, conforme a literatura científica. Métodos: Artigo de revisão integrativa, realizada por meio de buscas na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e na Pubmed, nas bases de dados Medline e Scopus. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, cujosassuntosabordadosforamas manifestações clínicas, os exames e os cuidados prestados a pacientes com erisipela oucelulite publicados nos últimos oito anos. Foram excluídos os artigos duplicados nas bases buscadas e que não tratavam do tema. Nove artigos fizeram parte da análise crítica e da sumarização dos dados. Resultados:A erisipela e a celulite são infecções da pele que ocorrem em estágios diferentes. O diagnóstico é baseado nas alterações clínicas e o tratamento é basicamente farmacológico, terapia nutricional e cuidados de enfermagem. Considerações finais: O diagnóstico é puramente clínico e não há como sempre diferenciar erisipela de celulite, já que as manifestações clínicas são semelhantes. O tratamento é feito, principalmente, com a penicilina e seus derivados, e os cuidados gerais incluíram hidratação e nutrição adequadas, redução do edema e cicatrização das lesões de pele. São necessários mais estudos originais.

Objective: summarize the diagnosis, treatment and general care provided to patients affected by erysipelas or cellulitis, according to the scientific literature. Methods: Integrative review article, performed through searches on the Virtual Health Library and on Pubmed, as well as on the Medline and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were: articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish, where the addressed topic consisted of clinical manifestations, exams and care provided to patients with erysipelas and cellulite, published in the last eight years. We excluded duplicate articles in the searched databases and that did not address the theme. Nine articles made up the critical analysis and data summarization.Results:Erysipelas and cellulite are infections of the skin that occur at different stages. The diagnosis is based on clinical changes and treatment is basically pharmacological, nutritional therapy and nursing care.Final considerations: The diagnosis is merely clinical and there is no way to always differentiate erysipelas from cellulite, since the clinical manifestations are similar. Treatment is mainly performed with penicillin and its derivatives, and general care included appropriate hydration and nutrition, reduction of edema and healing of skin lesions. Further original studies should be performed.

Prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso em adultos nas capitais e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019 / Prevalencia y factores asociados al sobrepeso en adultos de las capitales y el Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019 / Prevalence and factors associated with overweight in adults in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, 2019

Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência e fatores associados ao excesso de peso nas capitais e no Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: Se Estudo transversal, com dados do inquérito Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico, 2019. Calculou-se a prevalência de excesso de peso e sua associação com características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e situação de saúde, estratificada segundo sexo. Resultados: A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 55,9% (IC95% 54,9;56,9). Nos homens, ela se associou à idade de 35-44 anos (RP=1,87 - IC95% 1,65;2,12), consumo de álcool (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,03;1,15) e hipertensão (RP=1,24 - IC95% 1,17;1,31), enquanto nas mulheres associou-se à idade de 45-54 anos (RP=2,03 - IC95% 1,77;2,32), hábito de assistir à televisão 3h/dia (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,04;1,15) e estado de saúde ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,31 - IC95% 1,20;1,43). Conclusão: Observou-se excesso de peso em mais da metade da amostra, associado a hipertensão, diabetes mellitus e consumo de álcool, em ambos os sexos.

Objetivo: Se Analizar la prevalencia y factores asociados al sobrepeso en las capitales brasileñas y el Distrito Federal, Brasil, 2019. Métodos: Se Estudio transversal, con datos de la Vigilancia de Factores de Riesgo y Protección de Enfermedades Crónicas por Encuesta Telefónica, 2019. Se calculó la prevalencia de sobrepeso y su asociación con características sociodemográficas, conductuales y estado de salud, estratificada por sexo. Resultados: Se La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue del 55,9% (IC95% 54,9; 56,9), asociada en hombres con la edad de 35-44 años (RP=1,87 - IC95% 1,65;2,12), consumo de alcohol (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,03;1,15) e hipertensión (RP=1,24 - IC95% 1,17;1,31); y en mujeres, asociada a la edad 45-54 años (RP=2,03 - IC95% 1,77;2,32), hábito de ver televisión durante 3h/día (RP=1,09 - IC95% 1,04;1,15) y mal/muy mal estado de salud (RP=1,31 - IC95% 1,20;1,43). Conclusión: Se Se observó sobrepeso en más de la mitad de la muestra, asociado hipertensión, diabetes mellitus y consumo de alcohol, en ambos sexos.

Objective: Se To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with overweight in Brazilian capitals and the Federal District, Brazil, 2019. Methods: Se Cross-sectional study, with data from the Surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey, 2019. Prevalence was calculated overweight and association with sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics and health status, stratified according to sex. Results: Se The prevalence of overweight was 55.9% (95%CI 54.9;56.9), associated in men with age of 35-44 years (PR=1.87 - 95%CI 1.65;2.12), alcohol consumption (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.03;1.15), and hypertension (PR=1.24 - 95%CI 1.17;1.31); and in women, associated to age 45-54 years (PR=2.03 - 95%CI 1.77;2.32), habit of watching television for 3h/day (PR=1.09 - 95%CI 1.04;1.15), and poor/very poor health status (PR=1.31 - 95%CI 1.20;1.43). Conclusion: Se Overweight was observed in more than half of the sample, associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and alcohol consumption, in both sexes.

Morphological study of larynx, trachea, and lungs of Didelphis marsupialis (LINNAEUS, 1758).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: From a biomedical point of view, the value of marsupials as a model of primitive mammals is indisputable. Among its species, the possum is a model that allows the study of the ontogeny of different organic systems, as well as their physiological aspects. The relevance of anatomical, functional, evolutionary, and phylogenetic study of marsupials for the development of comparative morphology is extensively documented in the literature. However, there are still many aspects to be further evaluated, as the anatomy and histology of the respiratory tract of this species. The aim of this study was to describe the morphology of the larynx, trachea, and lungs of Didelphis marsupialis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five adult male animals were donated to the Comparative Animal Anatomy Laboratory - LAAC/CCAA-UFMA, for morphological studies. Specimens were washed in running water to perform biometrics. Then, they were fixed with 10% formaldehyde solution. After the fixation period, the specimens were positioned in dorsal decubitus position, for dissection of the respiratory system organs, by opening the ventral region of the neck and thoracic cavity, with subsequent removal of the pectoral muscles, ribs, and sternum. For histological analysis, fragments of 1 cm2 of the larynx (epiglottis and thyroid cartilages), trachea, and lungs were collected and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution. Right after fixation, the fragments were dehydrated in increasing concentrations of ethyl alcohol (70, 80, 95, and 100%), diaphanized in xylene, embedded in paraffin, and sectioned into thin slices of 5 µm using a microtome. Sections were stained using the hematoxylin and eosin technique. RESULTS: Anatomically, the larynx starts right after the pharynx. It consisted of four cartilages: Epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid, and arytenoid. The trachea was made of dorsally incomplete cartilaginous rings. At the entrance of the thoracic cavity, it bifurcated into the left and right main bronchus. The left lung was smaller than the right lung, with two lobes (cranial and caudal). The right lung presents the cranial, middle, caudal, and accessory lobes. Histologically, the epiglottis consisted of elastic cartilage and is covered by a non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Thyroid cartilage is made of hyaline cartilage covered by smooth muscle. The trachea presents hyaline cartilage, with ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium, serous glands, isogenic groups of chondrocytes, and perichondrium. The lung consisted of bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli, also presenting blood vessels and arteries. CONCLUSION: Morphologically, the larynx, trachea, and lungs of D. marsupialis were similar to those of the other Didelphids described in the literature.

Reproductive morphophysiology of the male scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides Linnaeus, 1766) in captivity.

Kinosternon scorpioides, popularly known as scorpion mud turtle (jurará in Brazil), is a fresh water species. There is little information about its reproduction and the present study aims to morphologically characterize the reproductive organs of male K.scorpioides bred in captivity in two seasons of the year. The reproductive tracts of adult animals under went macroscopic ultrastructural analysis of the lumen, as well as scanning electron and transmission microscopy. Macroscopically, the male genital organs consist of a pair of testicles, epididymis, the vas deferens and a penis. Testicles, epididymis and deferents ducts were characterized by reproductive activity during the rainy season and reproductive inactivity in the dry period. The morphometry regarding the tubular and luminal diameter and epithelial height of the testicles, epididymis and deferents ducts showed changes along the studied periods. The rainy season presented higher averages than the dry period. The penis did not show any changes during both periods. It was concluded that K. scorpioides exhibits reproductive seasonality.

Perfil clínico e terapêutico de pacientes internados com úlceras de membros inferiores / Clinical and therapeutic profile of patients insid with ulcers of inferior members

Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de pacientes internados com úlceras de membros inferiores em um hospital escola; identificar os principais procedimentos clínicos e cirúrgicos realizados para o tratamento desses pacientes e relacionar os fatores de risco e as complicações encontradas nessas feridas. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa documentaldescritiva, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital escola, no município de Campina Grande-PB, por meio da análise de prontuários de pacientes que estiveram internados nas clínicas médicas, no período de junho de 2012 a março de 2017. Os critérios de inclusão foram prontuários de pacientes acima de 18 anos e com úlceras de membros inferiores. Resultados: A população contemplou 168 prontuários dos quais apenas 53 serviram para análise. Os dados foram analisados utilizando a estatística descritiva e inferencial pelo Teste Exato de Fisher. Conclusão: A média de idade foi de 61.55 anos, a maioria dos participantes eram homens, pardos, casados, com ensino fundamental incompleto, aposentados e hipertensos. Houve uso de fármacos em 100% dos pacientes e significância na associação das complicações sobrepeso com necrose (0,044), sexo com odor (0,043) e raça com amputação (0,040). Espera-se que a presente pesquisa sirva de norte para outros pesquisadores e no subsídio de uma melhor assistência

Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients admitted with lower limb ulcers in a teaching hospital; identify the main clinical and surgical procedures performed to treat these patients and relate the risk factors and complications found in these wounds. Method: This is a documentary-descriptive research with a quantitative approach, developed in a teaching hospital, in the city of Campina Grande-PB, through the analysis of medical records of patients who were hospitalized in medical clinics, in June 2012 to March 2017. Inclusion criteria were medical records with patients over 18 years and with lower limb ulcers. Results: The population included 168 medical records, of which only 53 served for analysis. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics by Fisher's Exact Test. Conclusion: The average age was 61.55 years, most participants were men, brown, married, with incomplete elementary school, retired and hypertensive. Drugs were used in 100% of the patients and significant in the association of overweight complications with necrosis (0.044), sex with odor (0.043) and race with amputation (0.040). It is hoped that the present research will serve as a guide for other researchers and for better assistance.

Análise comparativa dos guias alimentares para a população brasileira e argentina / Comparative analysis of diet guidelines for brazilians and argentines

Vários países já desenvolveram seus guias com objetivos semelhantes, porém, abrangendo suas particularidades. Objetivou-se analisar o Guia Alimentar para a População Brasileira e o Guia Alimentar para a População Argentina, identificando possíveis semelhanças e diferenças entre estes, relacionando-os quanto à estrutura e à promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis. Trata-se do estudo descritivo que utilizou o Guia Alimentar Brasileiro e Argentino, com levantamento bibliográfico e análise documental quanto às principais diferenças e semelhanças estruturais e de desenvolvimento. Ao comparar os guias alimentares, observou-se maior conteúdo técnico no guia argentino. Enquanto o brasileiro apresenta as informações de forma mais resumida e dinâmica. Ambos chamam a atenção para a importância da promoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis em todas as fases da vida. A melhoria da qualidade e o aprimoramento dos guias alimentares são fundamentais para a qualidade de vida da população. Logo, maiores estudos que abordem o entendimento e o ponto de vista da população sobre o guia alimentar fazem-se necessários.

Several countries have prepared guidelines with similar aims, albeit featuring their peculiarities. Current study analyzes the Food Guidelines for Brazilians and Argentines, identifying possible similarities and differences and relating them to structures and promotion of health food practices. Current descriptive study uses the Brazilian and Argentine Food Guide, bibliographic survey and documental analysis with regard to the main differences and similarities, structures and their development. A comparison of the food guides reveals high technical contents in the Argentine book, whilst the Brazilian guide provides dynamic and short information. The two guides focus on the promotion of healthy food practices in all life stages. Quality improvement in food guides is basic for population´s life quality. Further studies on the understanding and point of view of the population on food guides are required.

Indicadores psicométricos do saber e o fazer de enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos à pessoa com ferida tumoral / Indicadores psicométricos del saber y el quehacer de enfermeros en los cuidados paliativos a la persona con herida tumoral / Psychometric Indicators of Nurses' Knowledge and Work in the Palliative Care of Individuais with a Malignant Wound

RESUMO Objet¡vo: verificar a discriminação de itens, a representatividade do conteúdo e a fidedignidade da medida acerca dosabere dofazerde enfermeiros nos cuidados paliativos destinados à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea. Material e método: trata-se de estudo metodológico, descritivo e correlacional, realizado com 51 enfermeiros de um hospital filantrópico da Paraíba, Brasil, durante os meses de junho e julho de 2017. Esses profissionais responderam a um instrumento validado com 84 itens referentes ao saber e ao fazer nos cuidados paliativos destinados à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea. Na análise dos dados, foi utilizado o programa SPSS for Windows, versão 22.0, com análises descritivas e psicométricas. Resultados: ao se verificarem as propriedades psicométricas, a fidedignidade dos itens apresentou alfa de Cronbach superior a 0,70 em todos os domínios. Assim, foi possível elaborar um pressuposto teórico sobre o fenômeno, no qual quanto maior for o saber relacionado aos cuidados paliativos destinados à pessoa com ferida tumoral maligna cutânea, maior será o fazer desses cuidados. Conclusões: esse instrumento possibilita que outros profissionais possam adequar a mesma metodologia para outras temáticas e identificar as especificidades do saber e do fazer, o que preencheria as lacunas na área de educação em enfermagem, sobretudo na temática de cuidados paliativos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la discriminación de ítems, la relevancia del contenido y la fidelidad de la medida, acerca delsaberydelhacerdeenfermeros, en los cuidados paliativos a las personas con herida tumoral maligna cutánea. Material y método: estudio metodológico, descriptivo y correlacional, realizado con 51 enfermeros de un hospital filantrópico de Paraíba, Brasil, durante junio y julio de 2017, quienes contestaron a un instrumento con 84 ítems referentes al saber y el hacer en los cuidados paliativos, destinados a la persona con herida tumoral maligna cutánea. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS para Windows, versión 22.0, con análisis descriptivos y psicométricos. Resultados: al verificar las propiedades psicométricas, la autenticidad de los ítems presentó alfa de Cronbach superior a 0,70 en todos los dominios. Por lo tanto, fue posible elaborar un presupuesto teórico sobre el fenómeno, en lo que, cuanto mayor sea el saber relacionado a los cuidados paliativos a la persona con herida tumoral maligna cutánea, mayor será la acción de estos cuidados. Conclusiones: este instrumento posibilita que otros profesionales puedan adecuar la misma metodología a otras temáticas e identificar las especificidades del saber y del hacer, lo que podría llenar los vacíos en el área de educación en enfermería, sobre todo en la temática de cuidados paliativos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify item discrimination, content relevance and measurement reliability of nurses' knowledge and work in the palliative care of individuals with a cutaneous malignant wound. Materials and methods: Methodological, descriptive, correlational study carried out with 51 nurses from a philanthropic hospital in Paraiba, Brazil, during June and July of 2017, who answered an instrument with 84 items referring to knowledge and work in the palliative care of individuals with a cutaneous malignant wound. For data analysis, SPSS for Windows, version 22.0, was used with descriptive and psychometric statistics. Results: In verifying psychometric properties, item authenticity had a Cronbach's alpha higher than 0.70 in all domains; therefore, we could make a theoretical assumption on the phenomenon, in which the more the knowledge of the palliative care of a person with a cutaneous malignant wound, the more the action of this care. Conclusions: This instrument enables other professionals to adapt the same methodology to other themes and to identify the specificities of knowledge and work, which could bridge the gaps in nursing education, especially palliative care.

Limites e potencialidades do líder religioso/espiritual diante de mulheres em tratamento oncológico mamário / Límites y potencialidades del líder religioso/espiritual ante mujeres en tratamiento oncológico mamario / Limitations and potentialities of religious/spiritual leaders before women undergoing treatment for breast cancer

RESUMO Neste estudo, objetivou-se analisar as limitações e potencialidades da influência do líder religioso/espiritual diante de pacientes com neoplasias mamárias. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo exploratória predominantemente qualitativa, embasada metodologicamente no Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Foram realizadas entrevistas com base em roteiros semiestruturados com 19 mulheres diagnosticadas com neoplasia mamária e acompanhadas por um serviço de oncologia de referência analisadas através da técnica de análise de discurso. A partir das contradições existentes foi possível construir uma categoria analítica intitulada "Líder religioso/espiritual: limitações e potencialidades de sua influência no enfrentamento das neoplasias mamárias" e três categorias empíricas:"Medidas terapêuticas proporcionadas pelos líderes religiosos/espirituais para as mulheres enfrentarem o processo neoplásico mamário";"Alternativas terapêuticas de cura motivadas pelos líderes religiosos/espirituais diante das mulheres com neoplasias mamárias"; e "Ausência do líder religioso/espiritual no enfrentamento das neoplasias mamárias".O desafio para superar as limitações e potencialidades da influência dos líderes religiosos/espirituais pode convergir para o estímulo das terapias complementares no ambiente hospitalar complementando o tratamento alopático, principalmente no contexto oncológico.

RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de analizar las limitaciones y potencialidades de la influencia del líder religioso/espiritual ante pacientes con neoplasias mamarias. Se trata de una investigación del tipo exploratoria predominantemente cualitativa, basada metodológicamente en el Materialismo Histórico Dialéctico. Fueron realizadas entrevistas con base en guiones semiestructurados con 19 mujeres diagnosticadas con neoplasia mamaria y acompañadas por un servicio de oncología de referencia analizadas a través de la técnica de análisis de discurso. A partir de las contradicciones existentes, fue posible construir una categoría analítica intitulada "Líder religioso/espiritual: limitaciones y potencialidades de su influencia en el enfrentamiento de las neoplasias mamarias" y tres categorías empíricas: "Medidas terapéuticas proporcionadas por los líderes religiosos/espirituales para que las mujeres enfrenten el proceso neoplásico mamario"; "Alternativas terapéuticas de cura motivadas por los líderes religiosos/espirituales ante las mujeres con neoplasias mamarias"; y "Ausencia del líder religioso/espiritual en el enfrentamiento de las neoplasias mamarias". El desafío para superar las limitaciones y potencialidades de la influencia de los líderes religiosos/espirituales puede converger para el estímulo de las terapias complementarias en el ambiente hospitalario complementando el tratamiento alopático, principalmente en el contexto oncológico.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the limitations and potentialities of the influence of religious/spiritual leaders on patients with breast cancer. This was a research of the exploratory type with predominantly qualitative approach, methodologically based in the Dialectical Historical Materialism. We conducted interviews using semi-structured scripts with 19 women diagnosed with breast cancer and followed up in a major oncology service; data were analyzed through the discourse analysis technique. Based on the existing contradictions, it was possible to build one analytical category entitled "Religious/spiritual leaders: limitations and potentialities of their influence in coping with breast neoplasms" and three empirical categories: "Therapeutic measures provided by religious/spiritual leaders for women to cope with the process of neoplastic breast"; "Therapeutic healing alternatives encouraged by religious/spiritual leaders in cases of women with breast neoplasms"; and "Absence of religious/spiritual leaders in coping with breast neoplasms". The challenge to overcome the limitations and the potentialities of the influence of religious/spiritual leaders can converge to stimulate complementary therapies in the hospital environment, complementing the allopathic treatment, especially in the oncological context.