The knowledge of primary health care professionals regarding mental health: diagnosis by mhGAP.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze knowledge about priority topics in mental health care of strategic actors who work in regions where the Health Care Planning (PAS) methodology is used. METHODS: This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out with professionals from six health regions, distributed in three Brazilian states (Goiás, Rondônia and Maranhão) and linked to the project "Saúde mental na APS" (Mental health in PHC) of the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS - Institutional Development Support Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System). The sample was made up of professionals who participated in the intervention guide multiplier training stage for mental, neurological and alcohol and other drug use disorders in the primary health care network, from July to September 2022. Data collection was through a self-administered instrument, in electronic format, consisting of a block with socioeconomic items and a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge about priority topics in mental health. Descriptive analyses and comparison of proportions were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 354 health professionals participated in the study. Regarding the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire on priority topics in mental health, the highest medians were identified in the "Depression" module. On the other hand, the content referring to the modules "Essential care and practices" and "Other important complaints" presented the lowest values. Furthermore, some participant characteristics were found to be associated with the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire modules. CONCLUSIONS: The findings reveal opportunities for improvement, mainly in knowledge related to communication skills and the approach to emotional and physical distress without diagnostic criteria for a specific disease, offering support for planning actions aimed at intensifying the consideration of these themes during the operational stages of PAS.

Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs: Additional Evidence.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate validity evidence of the Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs (CuidaSM). METHODS: This is a psychometric study, which seeks additional evidence of internal structure. Data collection was carried out in 11 Primary Health Care (PHC) services , which implement the Health Care Planning (HCP) methodology, distributed across the five Brazilian regions. The preliminary version of CuidaSM, containing a block self-referred by the user and another block evaluated by PHC professionals, was applied to users aged 18 or over who attended the PHC services for consultation with a higher education professional. The techniques of confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis were used to investigate validity evidence. For the primary data of the confirmatory factor analysis, the factorial loads and the item's predictive power (R2) were used. Six model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS: A total of 879 users participated in the study. By confirmatory factor analysis, factorial loads ranged from 0.43 to 0.99 and R2 from 0.19 to 0.98. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices were established at satisfactory and consistent levels. The network analysis showed that the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, which again indicates the sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirm a consistent and reliable model of the instrument, through a combination of techniques. Considering the importance of using solid instruments in clinical practice, CuidaSM is a promising tool for population-based management and network care organization, aligned with HCP proposals.

The knowledge of primary health care professionals regarding mental health: diagnosis by mhGAP / Conhecimento de profissionais da atenção primária em saúde mental: diagnóstico pelo mhGAP

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To analyze knowledge about priority topics in mental health care of strategic actors who work in regions where the Health Care Planning (PAS) methodology is used. METHODS This is a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out with professionals from six health regions, distributed in three Brazilian states (Goiás, Rondônia and Maranhão) and linked to the project "Saúde mental na APS" (Mental health in PHC) of the Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS - Institutional Development Support Program of the Brazilian Unified Health System). The sample was made up of professionals who participated in the intervention guide multiplier training stage for mental, neurological and alcohol and other drug use disorders in the primary health care network, from July to September 2022. Data collection was through a self-administered instrument, in electronic format, consisting of a block with socioeconomic items and a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge about priority topics in mental health. Descriptive analyses and comparison of proportions were conducted to analyze the data. RESULTS A total of 354 health professionals participated in the study. Regarding the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire on priority topics in mental health, the highest medians were identified in the "Depression" module. On the other hand, the content referring to the modules "Essential care and practices" and "Other important complaints" presented the lowest values. Furthermore, some participant characteristics were found to be associated with the percentage of correct answers in the questionnaire modules. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal opportunities for improvement, mainly in knowledge related to communication skills and the approach to emotional and physical distress without diagnostic criteria for a specific disease, offering support for planning actions aimed at intensifying the consideration of these themes during the operational stages of PAS.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar o conhecimento sobre temas prioritários do cuidado em saúde mental de atores estratégicos que atuam em regiões nas quais se utiliza a metodologia da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS). MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal e observacional realizado com profissionais de seis regiões de saúde, distribuídas em três estados brasileiros (Goiás, Rondônia e Maranhão) e vinculadas ao projeto "Saúde mental na APS" do Programa de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Institucional do Sistema Único de Saúde (Proadi-SUS). A amostra foi composta por profissionais que participaram da etapa de formação de multiplicadores do manual de intervenções para transtornos mentais, neurológicos e por uso de álcool e outras drogas na rede de atenção básica à saúde, no período de julho a setembro de 2022. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um instrumento autoaplicável, em formato eletrônico, composto por um bloco com itens socioeconômicos e um questionário estruturado para avaliação do conhecimento dos participantes acerca de temas prioritários em saúde mental. Para análise dos dados, foram empreendidas análises descritivas e comparação de proporções. RESULTADOS Participaram do estudo 354 profissionais de saúde. Em relação ao percentual de acerto no questionário sobre temas prioritários em saúde mental, as medianas mais altas foram identificadas no módulo de "Depressão". Em contrapartida, o conteúdo referente aos módulos "Cuidados e práticas essenciais" e "Outras queixas importantes" apresentaram os valores mais baixos. Além disso, identificou-se que algumas características dos participantes apresentaram associações com o percentual de acertos nos módulos do questionário. CONCLUSÕES Os achados revelam oportunidades de melhoria, principalmente no conhecimento relacionado às habilidades de comunicação e a abordagem ao sofrimento emocional e físico sem critérios diagnósticos para uma doença específica, oferecendo subsídios para o planejamento de ações que visem a intensificação do olhar destas temáticas durante as etapas operacionais da PAS.

Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs: Additional Evidence / Escala de Avaliação da Necessidade de Cuidado em Saúde Mental: evidências adicionais

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate validity evidence of the Brazilian Scale for Evaluation of Mental Health Care Needs (CuidaSM). METHODS This is a psychometric study, which seeks additional evidence of internal structure. Data collection was carried out in 11 Primary Health Care (PHC) services , which implement the Health Care Planning (HCP) methodology, distributed across the five Brazilian regions. The preliminary version of CuidaSM, containing a block self-referred by the user and another block evaluated by PHC professionals, was applied to users aged 18 or over who attended the PHC services for consultation with a higher education professional. The techniques of confirmatory factor analysis and network analysis were used to investigate validity evidence. For the primary data of the confirmatory factor analysis, the factorial loads and the item's predictive power (R2) were used. Six model adjustment indices were adopted and reliability was measured by three indicators using Bayesian estimation. RESULTS A total of 879 users participated in the study. By confirmatory factor analysis, factorial loads ranged from 0.43 to 0.99 and R2 from 0.19 to 0.98. Both the primary indicators and the model adequacy indices were established at satisfactory and consistent levels. The network analysis showed that the items were appropriately associated with their peers, respecting the established dimensions, which again indicates the sustainability and stability of the proposed model. CONCLUSIONS The study findings confirm a consistent and reliable model of the instrument, through a combination of techniques. Considering the importance of using solid instruments in clinical practice, CuidaSM is a promising tool for population-based management and network care organization, aligned with HCP proposals.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar evidências de validade da Escala de Avaliação da Necessidade de Cuidado em Saúde Mental (CuidaSM). MÉTODOS Trata-se de um estudo de natureza psicométrica, que busca evidências adicionais de estrutura interna. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 11 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS), que executam a metodologia da Planificação da Atenção à Saúde (PAS), distribuídas nas cinco regiões brasileiras. A versão preliminar da CuidaSM, contendo um bloco autorreferido pelo usuário e outro avaliado por profissionais da atenção primária à saúde (APS), foi aplicada em usuários com 18 anos ou mais que compareceram às UBS para consulta com profissional de nível superior. As técnicas de análise fatorial confirmatória e network analysis foram utilizadas para investigação das evidências de validade. Para os dados primários da análise fatorial confirmatória, utilizou-se as cargas fatoriais e o poder preditivo do item (R2). Foram adotados seis índices de ajustamento do modelo e a confiabilidade foi aferida por três indicadores por meio de bayesian estimation. RESULTADOS Participaram do estudo 879 usuários. Pela análise fatorial confirmatória, as cargas fatoriais variaram de 0,43 a 0,99 e R2 de 0,19 a 0,98. Tanto os indicadores primários como os índices de adequação do modelo estabeleceram-se em níveis satisfatórios e consistentes. A network analysis apontou que os itens se associaram de forma adequada a seus pares, respeitando as dimensões estabelecidas, o que indica, novamente, a sustentabilidade e estabilidade do modelo proposto. CONCLUSÕES Os achados do estudo confirmam um modelo consistente e confiável do instrumento, por meio da combinação de técnicas. Considerando a relevância do uso de instrumentos sólidos na prática clínica, a CuidaSM se apresenta como uma ferramenta promissora para a gestão de base populacional e organização do cuidado em rede, alinhada às propostas da PAS.

Reinserção social, cidadania e saúde mental à luz da contribuição de Pachukanis / Social reinsertion, citizenship and mental health in the light of the contribution of Pachukanis

Os direitos sociais foram conquistados com muita luta pelos movimentos sociais, em especial, os da Saúde, que, por meio da Reforma Sanitária e da Reforma Psiquiátrica, trouxeram garantias importantes para a população. Porém, eles vêm sofrendo duros ataques no contexto do capitalismo contemporâneo. Neste momento histórico que atravessamos entre o golpe institucional de 2016 e a retração dos direitos sociais, faz-se urgente e necessário reintroduzir ao debate os aspectos sociopolíticos da loucura e a forma como impacta nas definições das políticas públicas mediadas pelo Estado capitalista no Brasil. É imprescindível realizar uma análise crítica em relação às práticas de reinserção social, por meio das políticas públicas em Saúde Mental do SUS (apoiadas no conceito de cidadania), buscando polemizá-las à luz da perspectiva marxista. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi refletir sobre o processo de reinserção de usuários dos serviços de saúde mental na sociabilidade capitalista, através da Economia Solidária, a partir da perspectiva crítica de Evguiéni B. Pachukanis. Os resultados são apresentados em dois artigos: (i) Estado, direito e marxismo: uma revisão sobre a contribuição de Pachukanis e (ii) Uma revisão sobre a Economia Solidária e a saúde mental a partir da contribuição de Pachukanis. Apesar de todas as conquistas do movimento da reforma psiquiátrica, notamos um arrefecimento das lutas, que tem como marco zero a contestação da ordem posta no enfrentamento à ditadura, tanto pelo movimento da luta antimanicomial como de outros movimentos sociais, lutas estas que foram se atrofiando ao incorporar a ideologia da socialdemocracia. Faz-se necessário trazer, ao debate crítico, o conceito de totalidade exigido pelo marxismo. Dessa forma, destaca-se que: 1. os princípios formais de liberdade e igualdade são princípios burgueses de uma filosofia do Direito, representados pelo conceito de sujeito e sua capacidade de autodeterminação incorporados à sociedade burguesa desde o seu surgimento, transfigurando-os em instrumentos de luta contra o proletariado e sua missão histórica; e 2. assim também o é a compreensão de um Estado impessoal, que, aparentemente, defende o bem comum, mas que, na sua essência, é a forma política do capitalismo, uma das engrenagens para a sua reprodução.

Social rights were conquered with a lot of struggle by social movements, especially those of Health movements, through the Sanitary and Psychiatric Reforms, which assure important guarantees to the population. These social rights have been under severe attacks in the context of contemporary capitalism. During this historical moment that between the institutional coup in 2016 and the retraction of social rights, it is urgent and necessary to reintroduce the sociopolitical aspects of madness to the debate and as it impacts on public policies definitions mediated by the capitalist State in Brazil. It is essential to carry out a critical analysis of social reintegration practices, through Mental Health public policies of Brazilian unified health system (SUS from Portuguese, Sistema Único e Saúde) (supported by the concept of citizenship) and seeking to polemicize them in the light of the Marxist perspective. Thus, the objective of this work was to reflect about the process of mental health services users reinsertion in capitalist sociability, through Solidarity Economy, based on Evguiéni B. Pachukanis critical perspective. Results are presented in two manuscripts: (i) State, law and Marxism: a review on the contribution of Pachukanis and (ii) A review on the Solidarity Economy and mental health based on the Pachukanis contribution. Despite all the achievements of the psychiatric reform movement, we noticed a struggles slowdown, which has as its starting point, the order contestation put in the dictatorship confrontation, both by the anti-asylum movement and other social movements, struggles that have been atrophying by incorporating the ideology of social democracy. It is reinforced the need to bring the concept of totality required by Marxism to critical debate. In this way, it is concluded the urgency of remembering that: 1. the formal principles of freedom and equality are bourgeois principles of a law philosophy represented by the concept of subject and its capacity for self-determination incorporated into bourgeois society since its inception, transfiguring it into struggle instruments against the proletariat and its historical mission. 2. that also it is the understanding of an impersonal State, which apparently defends the common good, but in essence is the political form of capitalism, one of the gears for its reproduction.