Immunostaining for Mismatch Repair Complex Proteins Impacts on Clinical-Pathological Characteristics and Prognosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Salivary Glands.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of MMR proteins on clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). METHOD: The solid pattern of ACC showed lower expression for MSH2 (p = 0.039). Significant imbalance in MSH2/MSH6 immunostaining was observed in all histological patterns (p < 0.001), and imbalance in PMS2/MLH1 immunostaining was observed in the cribriform pattern (p = 0.011). The presence of capsule was associated with high expression of MSH6 (p = 0.019), MLH1 (p = 0.045) and PMS2 (p = 0.009). The absence of cribriform pattern (p = 0.002) and capsule pattern (p = 0.025), as well as low expression for MSH6 (p = 0.006) and PMS2 (p = 0.037) were associated with lower overall survival. In multivariate analysis, loss of MSH2 (p = 0.039) and MLH1 (p = 0.017) were significantly associated with worse overall survival. RESULTS: Twenty-four ACC were clinical-pathologically evaluated and we perform immunohistochemistry for MSH2, MSH6, PMS2 and MLH1. Percentage counting of positive cells was performed in 10 fields of each histological pattern (cribriform, tubular and solid) and the averages of the 30 fields were considered for evaluation with other clinical-pathological variables (Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, Friedman/Dunn, chi-square, Log-Rank Mantel-Cox tests and Cox regression; SPSS v20.0, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Salivary glands' ACC shows imbalance of the MMR complex and loss of expression of its components is associated with the overall survival of these patients.

Beyond the mouth: Uncovering non-secretory multiple myeloma through oral symptoms.

Non-secretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) is a rare cancer of plasma cells characterized by the absence of detectable monoclonal M protein in the blood or urine. A 57-year-old woman presented with mandibular pain but without intraoral swelling. Imaging studies revealed multiple osteolytic lesions in her mandible and pronounced root resorption of the left mandibular second molar. Biopsy results showed atypical plasmacytoid cells positive for anti-kappa, CD138, MUM1, and CD79a antibodies, but negative for anti-lambda and CD20. These results were indicative of a malignant plasma cell neoplasm. No abnormalities were revealed by free light chain assay or by serum or urine protein electrophoresis, leading to a diagnosis of NSMM. The patient began chemotherapy in conjunction with bisphosphonate therapy and achieved remission following treatment. This case underscores the critical role of dentists in the early detection and prevention of NSMM complications, as the disease can initially present in the oral cavity.

Incidence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort / Incidência de lesão renal aguda associada ao contraste: uma coorte prospectiva

ABSTRACT Introduction: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a deterioration of kidney function that occurs after the administration of a iodinated contrast medium (ICM). Most studies that defined this phenomenon used older ICMs that were more prone of causing CA-AKI. In the past decade, several articles questioned the true incidence of CA-AKI. However, there is still a paucity of a data about the safety of newer ICM. Objective: To assess the incidence of CA-AKI in hospitalized patients that were exposed to computed tomography (CT) with and without ICM. Methods: Prospective cohort study with 1003 patients who underwent CT in a tertiary hospital from December 2020 through March 2021. All inpatients aged > 18 years who had a CT scan during this period were screened for the study. CA-AKI was defined as a relative increase of serum creatinine of ≥ 50% from baseline or an absolute increase of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL within 18 to 48 hours after the CT. Chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression model with restricted cubic splines were used for statistical analyses. Results: The incidence of CA-AKI was 10.1% in the ICM-exposed group and 12.4% in the control group when using the absolute increase criterion. The creatinine variation from baseline was not significantly different between groups. After adjusting for baseline factors, contrast use did not correlate with worse renal function. Conclusion: The rate of CA-AKI is very low, if present at all, with newer ICMs, and excessive caution regarding contrast use is probably unwarranted.

RESUMO Introdução: Lesão renal aguda associada ao contraste (LRA-AC) é uma deterioração da função renal que ocorre após a administração de meio de contraste iodado (MCI). A maioria dos estudos que definiram esse fenômeno utilizaram MCI mais antigos, mais propensos a causar LRA-AC. Na última década, diversos artigos questionaram a verdadeira incidência de LRA-AC. Entretanto, ainda há escassez de dados sobre a segurança dos MCI mais novos. Objetivo: Avaliar a incidência de LRA-AC em pacientes hospitalizados expostos à tomografia computadorizada (TC) com e sem MCI. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com 1.003 pacientes submetidos a TC em hospital terciário, de dezembro/2020 a março/2021. Todos os pacientes internados com idade ≥ 18 anos que realizaram TC nesse período foram selecionados. A LRA-AC foi definida como aumento relativo de creatinina sérica de ≥ 50% em relação ao valor basal ou aumento absoluto de ≥ 0,3 mg/dL dentro de 18 a 48 horas após a TC. Utilizamos o teste qui-quadrado, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e modelo de regressão linear com splines cúbicos restritos para análises estatísticas. Resultados: A incidência de LRA-AC foi 10,1% no grupo exposto ao MCI e 12,4% no grupo controle ao usar o critério de aumento absoluto. A variação da creatinina em relação ao valor basal não foi significativamente diferente entre os grupos. Após ajuste para fatores basais, o uso de contraste não se correlacionou com pior função renal. Conclusão: A taxa de LRA-AC é muito baixa, caso exista, com MCIs mais novos, e a cautela excessiva quanto ao uso de contraste provavelmente não se justifica.

Assessment of the association of myofibroblasts and structural components of the extracellular matrix with histopathological parameters of actinic cheilitis and lower lip squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the presence of myofibroblasts (MFs) in the development of lip carcinogenesis, through the correlation of clinical, histomorphometric and immunohistochemical parameters, in actinic cheilitis (ACs) and lower lip squamous cell carcinomas (LLSCCs). METHODS: Samples of ACs, LLSCCs, and control group (CG) were prepared by tissue microarray (TMA) for immunohistochemical TGF-ß, α-SMA, and Ki-67 and histochemical hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red, and verhoeff van gieson reactions. Clinical and microscopic data were associated using the Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn, and Spearman correlation tests (SPSS, p < 0.05). RESULTS: ACs showed higher number of α-SMA+ MFs when compared to CG (p = 0.034), and these cells were associated with the vertical expansion of solar elastosis (SE) itself (p = 0.027). Areas of SE had lower deposits of collagen (p < 0.001), immunostaining for TGF-ß (p < 0.001), and higher density of elastic fibers (p < 0.05) when compared to areas without SE. A positive correlation was observed between high-risk epithelial dysplasia (ED) and the proximity of SE to the dysplastic epithelium (p = 0.027). LLSCCs showed a higher number of α-SMA+ MFs about CG (p = 0.034), as well as a reduction in the deposition of total collagen (p = 0.009) in relation to ACs and CG. There was also a negative correlation between the amount of α-SMA+ cells and the accumulation of total collagen (p = 0.041). Collagen and elastic density loss was higher in larger tumors (p = 0.045) with nodal invasion (p = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show the possible role of MFs, collagen fibers, and elastosis areas in the lip carcinogenesis process.

Role of induced nitric oxide synthases in orofacial nociception/discomfort after dental tooth bleaching with hydrogen peroxide.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in nociception/orofacial discomfort in rats submitted to tooth whitening with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). DESIGN: Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 24/group): a sham group not submitted to whitening treatment, a saline group submitted to whitening treatment, and a test group submitted to whitening treatment and blockade of iNOS with aminoguanidine 50 mg/kg/day. After 24 and 48 h, and 7 days, the animals were euthanized to collect trigeminal ganglia and maxillae to histomorphometric analysis (size of neuronal bodies and percentage of pulp area filled by vessels) and behavior/nociception (Grimace scales, scratching and biting counting, weight loss and nociception assay). ANOVA-1- or - 2-way tests were used (p < 0.05, GraphPadPrism 5.0). RESULTS: The aminoguanidine-treated group showed a reduction in nociceptive threshold in the masseteric region (p < 0.001), Grimace scale scores (p < 0.001), number of scratching (p = 0.011) and body mass loss (p = 0.007). After 24 and 48 h of tooth bleaching, the saline group showed a significant increase in the mean area of the blood vessels (p = 0.020) and iNOS immunostaining in odontoblasts (p = 0.002) and non-odontoblasts cells (p = 0.025). Aminoguanidine reversed both increases. Tooth bleaching reduced the mean area of neuronal bodies, and aminoguanidine significantly reversed it (p = 0.019), but an increase in GFAP immunostaining in neuronal bodies did not reduce after seven-days or after aminoguanidine treatment (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: iNOS blockage by aminoguanidine plays an important role in nociception and orofacial discomfort by control of inflammation in dental pulp after tooth bleaching with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 35%.

Deficiency in infiltration of CD8/CD3 positive lymphocytes and macrophages plays a role in lip carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemical study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the immunoexpression profile for CD8, CD3, CD20 and CD68 in the process and carcinogenesis of Carcinoma of the vermilion lip. METHODS: Average cell count with positive expression for CD3, CD8, CD20 and CD68. The CD8/CD3 ratio calculated in the region was based on the percentage of positive cells in a total of malignant cells. Kruska-Wallis/Dunn, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (SPSS, p < 0.05) were used. RESULTS: In the Aquitic Cheilitis samples, there was an increase in intraepithelial CD8+ and CD68+. In LSCCs, there was an increase in peritumoral and intratumoral CD3+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD68+ cells. In peritumoral LSCC, CD3+ and CD8+ showed a direct correlation (p = 0.004), and CD68+ and CD8+ (p = 0.017). In the intraepithelial region, CD8+ correlated with CD20+ (p = 0.014) and CD68+ (p = 0.013). In the CAs, CD3 (p < 0.001) and CD8 (p = 0.025) correlated intraepithelial and subepithelial. In LSCC CD3+ (p = 0.002), CD8+ (p = 0.001) and CD68+ (p = 0.030) had intra and peritumoral correlation. CONCLUSION: CD68+ is the first interacting cell with the greatest capacity to migrate to the tumor and interact with CD3, CD8 and CD20. Apparently, CD20 affects perineural invasion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.

Incidence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a deterioration of kidney function that occurs after the administration of a iodinated contrast medium (ICM). Most studies that defined this phenomenon used older ICMs that were more prone of causing CA-AKI. In the past decade, several articles questioned the true incidence of CA-AKI. However, there is still a paucity of a data about the safety of newer ICM. OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of CA-AKI in hospitalized patients that were exposed to computed tomography (CT) with and without ICM. METHODS: Prospective cohort study with 1003 patients who underwent CT in a tertiary hospital from December 2020 through March 2021. All inpatients aged > 18 years who had a CT scan during this period were screened for the study. CA-AKI was defined as a relative increase of serum creatinine of ≥ 50% from baseline or an absolute increase of ≥ 0.3 mg/dL within 18 to 48 hours after the CT. Chi-squared test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and linear regression model with restricted cubic splines were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: The incidence of CA-AKI was 10.1% in the ICM-exposed group and 12.4% in the control group when using the absolute increase criterion. The creatinine variation from baseline was not significantly different between groups. After adjusting for baseline factors, contrast use did not correlate with worse renal function. CONCLUSION: The rate of CA-AKI is very low, if present at all, with newer ICMs, and excessive caution regarding contrast use is probably unwarranted.

Deficiency in infiltration of CD8/CD3 positive lymphocytes and macrophages plays a role in lip carcinogenesis: an immunohistochemical study

Abstract Objective To evaluate the immunoexpression profile for CD8, CD3, CD20 and CD68 in the process and carcinogenesis of Carcinoma of the vermilion lip. Methods Average cell count with positive expression for CD3, CD8, CD20 and CD68. The CD8/CD3 ratio calculated in the region was based on the percentage of positive cells in a total of malignant cells. Kruska-Wallis/Dunn, Mann-Whitney and Spearman correlation tests (SPSS, p< 0.05) were used. Results In the Aquitic Cheilitis samples, there was an increase in intraepithelial CD8+ and CD68+. In LSCCs, there was an increase in peritumoral and intratumoral CD3+, CD8+, CD20+ and CD68+ cells. In peritumoral LSCC, CD3+ and CD8+ showed a direct correlation (p= 0.004), and CD68+ and CD8+ (p= 0.017). In the intraepithelial region, CD8+ correlated with CD20+ (p= 0.014) and CD68+ (p= 0.013). In the CAs, CD3 (p< 0.001) and CD8 (p= 0.025) correlated intraepithelial and subepithelial. In LSCC CD3+ (p= 0.002), CD8+ (p= 0.001) and CD68+ (p= 0.030) had intra and peritumoral correlation. Conclusion CD68+ is the first interacting cell with the greatest capacity to migrate to the tumor and interact with CD3, CD8 and CD20. Apparently, CD20 affects perineural invasion. Level of evidence: Level 2.

Influence of p16 Protein Immunostaining on Histopathological Features of Pleomorphic Adenoma and Carcinoma ex- Pleomorphic Adenoma.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of p16 in histologic characteristics and transition of Pleomorphic Adenoma (PA) to Carcinoma ex-PA (CxPA). So, 60 PA and 4 CxPA were histologic reviewed based on microscopic characteristics proposed by Hellquist, Triantafyllou and Dulguerov (PA) and Morais, Antony and Toluie (CxPA). Immunostaining for p16 was associated in different parenchyma and stroma of both tumors and Fisher's/chi-square tests and Mann-Whitney test were performed (SPSS v20.0, p<0.05). In PA the periductal cells were predominantly p16- and that ductal and myoepithelial cells showed a significant increase in p16+ cells (p<0.001). In CxPA, none of the cases showed p16+ in periductal cells, most parotid cases showed p16+ in ductal cells, and one case of parotid and the submandibular case showed mild immunostaining for myoepithelial cells. There was a small reduction in p16+ in CxPA compared to PA (p=0.537), but in both tumors there was less p16+ cells in solid stroma than other (p<0.001). The p16+ cases of PA had a higher capsular thickness (p=0.047). So, the loss of p16 immunostaining does not seem to be associated with the transition from PA to CxPA, but in both tumors the loss of p16+ cells are related to microscopic aggressiveness.

Interleukin-17 plays a role in dental pulp inflammation mediated by zoledronic acid: a mechanism unrelated to the Th17 immune response?

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of RORγT inhibition by digoxin on inflammatory changes related to interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the pulp of rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). METHODOLOGY: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group (NCG) treated with saline solution, a positive control group (PCG) treated with ZOL (0.20 mg/kg), and three groups treated with ZOL and co-treated with digoxin 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg (DG1, 2, and 4). After four intravenous administrations of ZOL or saline solution in a 70-day protocol, the right molars were evaluated by histomorphometry (number of blood vessels, blood vessels/µm2, cells/µm2, total blood vessel area, and average blood vessel area) and immunohistochemistry (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-ß). The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: PCG showed an increase in total blood vessel area (p=0.008) and average blood vessel area (p=0.014), and digoxin treatment reversed these changes. DG4 showed a reduction in blood vessels/µm2 (p<0.001). In PCG odontoblasts, there was an increase in IL-17 (p=0.002) and TNF-α (p=0.002) immunostaining, and in DG4, these changes were reversed. Odontoblasts in the digoxin-treated groups also showed an increase in IL-6 immunostaining (p<0.001) and a reduction in TGF-ß immunostaining (p=0.002), and all ZOL-treated groups showed an increase in IL-17 (p=0.011) and TNF-α (p=0.017) in non-odontoblasts cells. CONCLUSION: ZOL induces TNF-α- and IL-17-dependent vasodilation and ectasia, and the classical Th17 response activation pathway does not seem to participate in this process.

Zoledronate treatment exerts sex-independent effects on bone and dental physicochemical properties in mice jaw necrosis.

INTRODUCTION: Bisphosphonate (BF) therapy is strongly related to the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). However, no previous study has evaluated if there are sex-related differences on the ONJ establishment together with bone biomechanical alterations, and if they could have a synergy with the ZA treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical properties of mineralized tissues in a zoledronate (ZA)-related osteonecrosis mouse model, by a 2 × 2-factorial design, considering sex (female/male) and treatment (ZA/Saline) factors (n = 8/group). After three ZA (1.0 mg/kg) or saline administrations (days 0, 7, 14), the lower left second molar was extracted (day 42). Further ZA administration (day 49) and euthanasia (day 70) were conducted. After confirmation of ZA-induced jaw necrosis (histologic and microtomographic analysis), spectroscopic and mechanical parameters were assessed. RESULTS: ZA-treated groups presented lower bone density due to impaired healing of tooth extraction socket. Sex-related alterations were also observed, with lower bone density in females. Regarding biomechanical parameters, sex and treatment exerted independent influences. ZA, although decreasing flexural modulus and yield stress, increases stiffness mainly due to a higher bone volume. Females show less resistance to higher loads compared to males (considering dimension-independent parameters). Additionally, ZA increases crystallinity in bone and dental structure (p < 0.05). In summary, although strongly related to osteonecrosis occurrence, ZA modifies bone and dental mineral matrix, improving bone mechanical properties. CONCLUSION: Despite sex-dependent differences in bone biomechanics and density, osteonecrosis was established with no sex influence. No synergistic association between sex and treatment factors was observed in this study.

Effectiveness of low-intensity laser photobiomodulation in reducing inflammatory events (pain, edema, and trismus) after orthognathic surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to answer whether, in (P) individuals undergoing orthognathic surgery, (I) low-level laser therapy (LLLT) during or shortly after the surgical procedure compared to (C) pharmacologic therapy alone or no therapy for improvement of post-intervention complications relieves (O) postoperative inflammatory events in (S) randomized clinical trials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A preliminary electronic search was conducted for references with language following a Latin (Roman) alphabet in seven databases index, and gray literature without restriction on language or publication period. Risk of bias was performed by RoB 2.0 tool, and meta-analysis used mean differences (MD) for edema and mouth opening and standardized mean differences (SMD) for pain scores (p < 0.05, Revman®). RESULTS: A total of 91 control patients and 114 LLLT patients were included. The wavelengths ranged from 660 to 940 nm, and the applied energy density was between 5 and 100 J/cm2 at mostly extraoral distributed points. LLLT significantly reduced edema (MD = - 4.27, CI95% - 5.13 to - 3.41 mm) in the period from 5 days to 2 weeks postoperatively (p < 0.001) and showed strongly reduced pain scores (SMD = - 1.37, I95% = - 1.99 to - 0.75) between 1 day and 5 weeks (p < 0.001), without significantly interfering with mouth opening (p = 0.110). Despite the low risk of bias, high heterogeneity among studies (I2 > 70%) and small sample sizes made the certainty of GRADE evidence low. CONCLUSION: This SR demonstrated that LLLT effectively controls pain and edema after orthognathic surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Systematic review that summarizes the use of photobiomodulation on orthognathic surgery.

Mu and Kappa opioid receptor immunolabeling indicates the prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A cross-sectional observational study.

BACKGROUND: Opioids are the most effective drugs currently available for cancer pain management. The administration of morphine, in addition to its analgesic effect, can alter tumor development. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the immunoexpression of opioid receptors µ and κ in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and correlate it with prognostic factors, proliferation markers, and cell death. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was carried out with 50 patients diagnosed at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital. Sociodemographic, clinicopathological, and overall survival data were collected, and excisional biopsies were taken for immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays for opioid receptors µ and κ, Ki-67, and caspase-3. Immunolabeling was evaluated and correlated with other variables using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman correlation, log-rank (Mantel-Cox), and Cox regression tests. RESULTS: Immunoexpression of opioid receptors µ and κ, Ki-67, and caspase-3 was significantly higher in p16+ and p16- primary tumors and lymph node metastases than in surgical resection margins. The overall survival of patients with p16- tumors was 57.53 ± 8.43 months and that of patients with p16+ tumors was slightly higher at 75.92 ± 11.14 months. Multivariate analysis showed that the expression of opioid receptors µ and κ in the nucleus was directly associated with a lower and higher risk of death, respectively. CONCLUSION: We found increased expression of opioid receptors µ and κ in tumor tissues. The nuclear expression of opioid receptors µ and κ influences overall survival and may be a prognostic factor of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

The impact of partially removing the Bichat fat pad in the linear facial measurements, satisfaction with facial aesthetics and quality of life: a single-arm CONSORT-guided clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of Bichat's ball removal on postoperative inflammatory parameters (pain, edema, and trismus), facial volume reduction, facial esthetic satisfaction, and oral health-related quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A single-arm clinical trial with 21 patients undergoing Bichat's ball removal. The following parameters were assessed at baseline and up to 3 months postoperatively: Visual Analogue Scale pain scores (0-10), rescue medication consumption, mouth opening, AM-Tr, AM-CEO, AM-NA, AM-CL, and AM-PM measurements, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 QoL scores, and satisfaction with facial esthetics (FACE-Q Satisfaction with Facial Appearance Overall Scale (SFAOS). X2, analysis of variance-repeated measures/Bonferroni, or Friedman/Dunn tests were used (p < 0.05, SPSS v20.0). RESULTS: Peak pain occurred after 2 h and, 10 h later, the levels returned to baseline values (p < 0.001). Rescue medication consumption peaked in the first 24 h reducing significantly after 72 h (p < 0.001). Mean mouth opening decreased after 24 h and returned to baseline levels after 1 month, and all linear facial measures reduced significantly after 1 or 3 months (p < 0.05). OHIP-14 scores and FACE-Q SFAOS scores showed significant improvement after 1 month (p < 0.001), but patients aged > 25 years showed a significant reduction in FACE-Q SFAOS at the end of the study (p = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical removal of the Bichat's ball induces a mild inflammatory process controlled by rescue medication, significantly reduces face volume, and improves QoL and satisfaction with facial esthetics 3 months postoperatively. However, the efficacy of this procedure in patients > 25 years old is questionable. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Evaluate the effectiveness of bichectomy in terms of clinical effects and impact on quality of life.

Is photobiomodulation effective during maxillary expansion? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

We performed a systematic review on literature associated with meta-analyses to elucidate whether (I) low-level laser therapy (C) compared to placebo accelerates (O) bone neoformation in the region of the midpalatal suture in (P) patients undergoing transverse maxillary expansion. Two reviewers blindly performed targeted searches using the selection criteria (PICOS) in seven major databases and three grey literature databases, employing specific terms and their entrenchments. The RevMan® software (Review Manager, version 5.3, Cochrane Collaboration) was used to adapt the RoB summary illustration to the Cochrane 2.0 tool questions. Meta-analysis was performed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and Cohen's d calculation on random effects, tests for heterogeneity (I2 ) and publication bias (Egger and Begg), and one-of-out sensitivity analysis. GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was used for evidence quality analysis. Among the five studies included in the qualitative synthesis, three were included in the meta-analysis. All analysed studies were prospective randomized clinical trials. The risk of bias was such that the Egger (P = .1991) and Begg (P = .024) tests showed no significant risk of publication bias. The meta-analysis showed high heterogeneity (I2  = 81%, P < .00001), and 3 months after the operation, there was no significant difference between the photobiomodulation (PBMT) group and control group (P = .850) or between the subgroups of the periods evaluated after 3 months (P = 0.490). GRADE showed an SMD of 0.62. Photobiomodulation as an adjuvant therapy in patients undergoing transverse maxillary expansion has few benefits and is limited in shape, as it contributes to bone healing in the midpalatal suture region after a period of 3 months.

Interleukin-17 plays a role in dental pulp inflammation mediated by zoledronic acid: a mechanism unrelated to the Th17 immune response?

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of RORγT inhibition by digoxin on inflammatory changes related to interleukin-17 (IL-17) in the pulp of rats treated with zoledronate (ZOL). Methodology Forty male Wistar rats were divided into a negative control group (NCG) treated with saline solution, a positive control group (PCG) treated with ZOL (0.20 mg/kg), and three groups treated with ZOL and co-treated with digoxin 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg (DG1, 2, and 4). After four intravenous administrations of ZOL or saline solution in a 70-day protocol, the right molars were evaluated by histomorphometry (number of blood vessels, blood vessels/µm2, cells/µm2, total blood vessel area, and average blood vessel area) and immunohistochemistry (IL-17, TNF-α, IL-6, and TGF-β). The Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn test was used for statistical analysis. Results PCG showed an increase in total blood vessel area (p=0.008) and average blood vessel area (p=0.014), and digoxin treatment reversed these changes. DG4 showed a reduction in blood vessels/µm2 (p<0.001). In PCG odontoblasts, there was an increase in IL-17 (p=0.002) and TNF-α (p=0.002) immunostaining, and in DG4, these changes were reversed. Odontoblasts in the digoxin-treated groups also showed an increase in IL-6 immunostaining (p<0.001) and a reduction in TGF-β immunostaining (p=0.002), and all ZOL-treated groups showed an increase in IL-17 (p=0.011) and TNF-α (p=0.017) in non-odontoblasts cells. Conclusion ZOL induces TNF-α- and IL-17-dependent vasodilation and ectasia, and the classical Th17 response activation pathway does not seem to participate in this process.

Development and professional validation of an App to support Oral Cancer Screening.

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an App for identifying risk factors for oral cancer. To this end, we developed an App (OCS: Oral Cancer Screening) with predictors of Oral Cancer (OC) and algorithm assembly to estimate the risk of its development. METHODOLOGY: Simulated clinical cases were designed so that 40 professionals with expertise in oral diagnostics could validate the algorithm and test its usability (SUS: System Usability Score) and acceptability (TAM: Technology Acceptance Model). Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Friedman/Dunn tests, and Spearman correlation evaluated the SUS and TAM scales. ROC curve was plotted to estimate the cutoff point of the algorithm in suggesting a high risk for OCS of the simulated cases. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were additionally used (p<0.05, SPSS v20.0). RESULTS: Professionals with expertise in oral diagnosis had usability of 84.63±10.66 and acceptability of 84.75±10.62, which correlated positively (p<0.001, r=0.647). Acting in clinical areas of dentistry (p=0.034) and history of performing OC risk factor orientation (p=0.048) increased acceptability while acting in higher education increased usability (p=0.011). The cutoff point suggested by the App after validation of the simulated clinical cases showed high sensitivity of 84.8% and lower specificity of 58.4%. CONCLUSION: The OCS was effective and with adequate sensitivity, usability, and acceptability and may contribute to the detection of early oral lesions.

Development and professional validation of an App to support Oral Cancer Screening

Abstract The objective of this study was to develop and validate an App for identifying risk factors for oral cancer. To this end, we developed an App (OCS: Oral Cancer Screening) with predictors of Oral Cancer (OC) and algorithm assembly to estimate the risk of its development. Methodology: Simulated clinical cases were designed so that 40 professionals with expertise in oral diagnostics could validate the algorithm and test its usability (SUS: System Usability Score) and acceptability (TAM: Technology Acceptance Model). Cronbach's alpha coefficient, Friedman/Dunn tests, and Spearman correlation evaluated the SUS and TAM scales. ROC curve was plotted to estimate the cutoff point of the algorithm in suggesting a high risk for OCS of the simulated cases. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were additionally used (p<0.05, SPSS v20.0). Results: Professionals with expertise in oral diagnosis had usability of 84.63±10.66 and acceptability of 84.75±10.62, which correlated positively (p<0.001, r=0.647). Acting in clinical areas of dentistry (p=0.034) and history of performing OC risk factor orientation (p=0.048) increased acceptability while acting in higher education increased usability (p=0.011). The cutoff point suggested by the App after validation of the simulated clinical cases showed high sensitivity of 84.8% and lower specificity of 58.4%. Conclusion: The OCS was effective and with adequate sensitivity, usability, and acceptability and may contribute to the detection of early oral lesions.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver e validar um aplicativo para identificação de fatores de risco para câncer bucal. Para tanto, desenvolvemos um aplicativo (OCS: Oral Cancer Screening) com preditores de Câncer Oral (CO) e montagem de algoritmo para estimar o risco de seu desenvolvimento. Metodologia: Casos clínicos simulados foram projetados para que 40 profissionais com expertise em diagnóstico oral pudessem validar o algoritmo e testar sua usabilidade (SUS: System Usabilidade Score) e aceitabilidade (TAM: Technology Acceptance Model). O coeficiente alfa de Cronbach, os testes de Friedman/Dunn e a correlação de Spearman avaliaram as escalas SUS e TAM. A curva ROC foi traçada para estimar o ponto de corte do algoritmo ao sugerir um alto risco para OCS dos casos simulados. Os testes do qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher foram usados adicionalmente (p<0,05, SPSS v20.0). Resultados: Profissionais com expertise em diagnóstico oral tiveram usabilidade de 84,63±10,66 e aceitabilidade de 84,75±10,62, que se correlacionaram positivamente (p<0,001, r=0,647). Atuar em áreas clínicas da odontologia (p=0,034) e histórico de realização de CO orientação de fator de risco (p=0,048) aumentaram a aceitabilidade enquanto atuar no ensino superior aumentou a usabilidade (p=0,011). O ponto de corte sugerido pelo App após validação dos casos clínicos simulados apresentou alta sensibilidade de 84,8% e baixa especificidade de 58,4%. Conclusão: O OCS foi eficaz e com sensibilidade, usabilidade e aceitabilidade adequadas e pode contribuir para a detecção de lesões orais precoces.

Intraoral device for sociodigital inclusion of patient with quadriplegia / Dispositivo intraoral para inclusão sócio-digital de paciente com tetraplegia

Introduction: The use of computers, tablets, and cell phones with the Internet by people with quadriplegia from spinal cord injuries is much lower when compared to the general population. The quality of life of these people can be substantially improved through access to these technologies, which would allow a quadriplegic to take advantage of the rapid evolution of information and communication. Many of these individuals have the function of preserved neck and mouth muscles, and it is possible to manipulate intraoral devices as an adaptation tool. Case Report: We report an intraoral device installation in a patient with quadriplegia, a victim of a firearm accident, who had a great desire to reuse the tablet for internet access. A device made of acrylic resin, similar to a myorelaxant plate, was designed to allow the use of a computer that was comfortable and at the same time, the patient could talk and not harm the dental structures. The person responsible agreed to participate in the research and signed the consent form. In addition, the work was submitted to an ethics committee. Considerations: The ideal intra-oral device for patient rehabilitation should be inexpensive, easy to adapt and promote muscle relaxation besides allowing the patient to expand their abilities and digitally increase their autonomy for society.

Introdução: O uso de computadores, tablets e celulares com internet por pessoas com tetraplegia por lesão medular é muito menor quando comparado à população geral. A qualidade de vida dessas pessoas pode ser, substancialmente, melhorada por meio do acesso a essas tecnologias, o que permitiria aos tetraplégicos aproveitar a rápida evolução da informação e da comunicação. Muitos desses indivíduos têm a função de músculos cervicais e bucais preservados, sendo possível a manipulação de dispositivos intraorais como ferramenta de adaptação. Relato de Caso: Relatamos a instalação de um dispositivo intraoral em um paciente com tetraplegia, vítima de acidente com arma de fogo, que tinha grande desejo de reutilizar o tablet para acesso à internet. Um dispositivo feito de resina acrílica, semelhante a uma placa miorrelaxante, foi projetado para permitir o uso de um computador que fosse confortável e, ao mesmo tempo, o paciente pudesse falar e não prejudicar as estruturas dentárias. O responsável concordou em participar da pesquisa e assinou o termo de consentimento. Além disso, o trabalho foi submetido a um comitê de ética. Considerações: O dispositivo intraoral ideal para a reabilitação do paciente deve ser barato, de fácil adaptação e promover o relaxamento muscular, além de permitir que o paciente amplie suas habilidades e aumente sua autonomia pessoal, digitalmente para a sociedade.