RESUMEN
Gait analysis in a laboratory may be expensive, time-consuming, and restricted to a controlled environment. Validated wearable technology may be an alternative to such analysis. However, wearable technologies should demonstrate reference values of a healthy population. Objective: To establish spatio-temporal gait reference values of an accelerometer (G-Walk) in a healthy Brazilian population. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 124 healthy subjects evaluated with G-Walk in the 6-minute and 10-meter walk tests (6MWT and 10MWT). Gait parameters of Velocity, Cadence, Distance, and gait symmetry variables were retrieved for analysis. Clinical and demographical characteristics were also collected and tested with simple linear regression as covariables of the gait characteristics. The bootstrapped 5th percentile of the gait parameter established the reference values. If a covariable influence was found, the reference values were established by subgroup analysis according to the covariable. Results: The study analyzed 114 subjects, mostly women (67.74%), aged 39.36 (SD 12.18). Height was a covariable of cadence for the 10MWT and cadence and stride length for the 6MWT. Age and sex combined were covariables of 6MWT velocity, and sex alone was a covariable of 6MWT. All reference values for symmetry were above 89%, velocity at the 10MWT was above 1.0m/s, and distance at the 6MWT was 354m and 359.5 for females and males, respectively. Conclusions: Our study generated reference values for spatio-temporal gait analysis with G-Walk of a population of a major urban area, considering the covariables of age, height, and sex.
Análises da marcha em laboratório tem custo elevado, demandando tempo e ambiente controlado. Wearables são equipamentos portáteis que podem ser alternativas aos laboratórios. Valores de referência podem determinar parâmetros para análises de marcha de pessoas com patologias. Objetivo: Estabelecer valores de referência espaço-temporais de um acelerômetro (G-Walk) em uma população saudável. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com indivíduos saudáveis avaliados com G-Walk nos testes de caminhada de 6 minutos e de 10 metros (TC6 e TC10). Velocidade, cadência, distância e de simetria da marcha foram analisados. Características clínicas e demográficas também foram testadas com regressão linear simples como covariáveis das características da marcha. Os valores de referência foram estabelecidos pelo quinto percentil dos parâmetros por bootstrap e na presença de covariáveis demográficas, os valores foram estabelecidos por análise de subgrupos, de acordo com a covariável. Resultados: O estudo analisou 114 sujeitos, em sua maioria mulheres (67,74%), com idade de 39,36 (DP 12,18). A altura foi uma covariável da cadência do TC10 e da cadência e comprimento da passada do TC6. Idade e sexo combinados foram covariáveis da velocidade do TC6, e o sexo foi uma covariável do TC6. Todos os valores de referência para simetria foram superiores a 89%, a velocidade no TC10 foi superior a 1,0m/s e a distância no TC6 foi de 354m e 359,5m para mulheres e homens, respectivamente. Conclusões: Nosso estudo gerou valores de referência para análise espaço-temporal da marcha com o equipamento G-Walk em uma população de uma grande área urbana, considerando as covariáveis idade, altura e sexo.
RESUMEN
Background: After a Stroke, there is an autonomic nervous system (ANS) changes. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) can promote the reorganization of the affected circuits. Objective: To evaluate the effects of tDCS applied before a session of physical activity on the treadmill, in the modulation of the autonomic nervous system of post-stroke patients. Methodology: Cross-over study, were randomized 12 adult hemiparetic subjects in 2 groups, Group 1 (active tDCS before exercise on the treadmill) and Group 2 (sham tDCS before exercise on the treadmill). Stimulation times were 20 min; treadmill time was 20 min. The heart rate variability (HRV) and Variability of Systolic Blood Pressure (VSBP) were evaluated for 15 min, in 3 periods (pre and post tDCS and during exercise recovery on the treadmill). Results: There was no difference in the VSBP and the HRV between the groups, compared with the baseline data; however, in the intragroup analysis, the parasympathetic modulation after active tDCS increased by 18% over baseline by the RMSSD with IC 95% (-7.85 to -0.34). In group 1, the post-tDCS active and post-exercise periods presented a value of variance above baseline, indicating a better prognosis. In group 2, there was a significant reduction of 38% of Variance values (p = 0.003) after tDCS sham. Conclusion: tDCS does not generate immediate effects on HRV and VSBP, except for intragroup comparison, which has greater participation in parasympathetic modulation in the group receiving active tDCS.