Usability and Utility of a Mobile App to Deliver Health-Related Content to an Older Adult Population: Pilot Noncontrolled Quasi-Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Digital patient-centered interventions may be important tools for improving and promoting social interaction, health, and well-being among older adults. In this regard, we developed a mobile app called DigiAdherence for an older adult population, which consisted of easy-to-access short videos and messages, to improve health-related knowledge among them and prevent common health conditions, such as falls, polypharmacy, treatment adherence, nutritional problems, and physical inactivity. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the usability and utility of the DigiAdherence app among Portuguese older adults 65 years or older. METHODS: In this pilot noncontrolled quasi-experimental study, older adults who were patients at the primary health care center in Portimão, Portugal, and owned a smartphone or tablet were recruited. Participants were assessed at baseline, given access to the DigiAdherence app for 1 month, and assessed again immediately after 30 days (first assessment) and 60 days after stopping the use of the app (second assessment). App usability and utility (primary outcomes) were analyzed in the first follow-up assessment using a structured questionnaire with 8 items. In the second follow-up assessment, our focus was on knowledge acquired through the app. Secondary outcomes such as treatment adherence and health-related quality of life were also assessed. RESULTS: The study included 26 older adults. Most participants rated the different functionalities of the app positively and perceived the app as useful, attractive, and user-friendly (median score of 6 on a 7-point Likert scale). In addition, after follow-up, participants reported having a sense of security and greater knowledge in preventing falls (16/24, 67%) and managing therapies and polypharmacy (16/26, 62%). CONCLUSIONS: The DigiAdherence mobile app was useful and highly accepted by older adults, who developed more confidence regarding health-related knowledge. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/29675.

Physiotherapists' barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a behaviour change-informed exercise intervention to promote the adoption of regular exercise practice in patients at risk of recurrence of low back pain: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Recurrences of low back pain (LBP) are frequent and associated with high levels of disability and medical costs. Regular exercise practice may be an effective strategy to prevent recurrences of LBP, however, the promotion of this behaviour by physiotherapists seems to be challenging. This study aims to explore physiotherapists' perceived barriers and facilitators to the implementation of a behaviour change-informed exercise intervention to promote the adoption of regular exercise practice by patients at risk of recurrence of low back pain. METHODS: Two focus groups with primary healthcare physiotherapists were conducted, based on a semi-structured interview schedule informed by the Behaviour Change Wheel, including the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF). All focus groups were held through videoconference, audio and video recorded and transcribed verbatim. A deductive content analysis, using a coding matrix based on the COM-B and TDF, was performed by two independent researchers. A third researcher was approached to settle disagreements. RESULTS: In total, 14 physiotherapists participated in the focus groups. The analysis revealed a total of 13 barriers (4 COM-B components and 7 TDF domains) and 23 facilitators (5 COM-B and 13 TDF) to physiotherapists' implementation of a behaviour change-informed exercise intervention. The most common barriers were the lack of skills and confidence to implement the proposed intervention. These were explained by the fact that it differs from the usual practice of most participants and requires the learning of new skills applied to their contexts. However, for those who had already implemented other similar interventions or whose rationale is aligned with the new intervention, there seemed to exist more positive determinants, such as potential benefits for physiotherapists and the profession, improvement of quality of care and willingness to change clinical practice. For others who did not previously succeed in implementing these types of interventions, more context-related barriers were mentioned, such as lack of time to implement the intervention, schedule incompatibilities and lack of material and human resources. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified modifiable barriers and facilitators to physiotherapists' implementation of a behaviour change-informed exercise intervention for patients at risk of recurrence of LBP in primary healthcare. The findings of this study will allow the systematic and theory-based development of a behaviour change-informed training programme, aimed at physiotherapists and supporting the successful implementation of the exercise intervention.

Continuing education on child development in primary care: healthcare workers' perspectives.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the contributions of a continuing education with Primary Health Care professionals that promotes child development. METHOD: A continuing education intervention, utilizing a qualitative approach, was conducted among healthcare workers at a Primary Health Care facility in a low-income neighborhood in the city of Recife. The intervention consisted of eight workshops conducted between July and October 2019, with the participation of fifteen healthcare workers. All data from the focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model as the theoretical framework. RESULTS: Through the continuing education intervention, healthcare professionals were able to reflect on their work processes and personal lives and propose actions to improve child development. CONCLUSION: The study findings highlight the significant impact of such interventions in changing perceptions and professional practices related to child development. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of continuing education interventions for promoting healthy child development in primary care settings.

Unraveling Depressive Symptomatology and Risk Factors in a Changing World.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and factors associated with symptoms of depression during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: A representative sample of Portuguese adults was included in this populational survey, conducted between 25 March and 31 July 2021, with participants completing a structured questionnaire via phone interview. The symptoms of depression were measured using the Portuguese version of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between sociodemographic, health, and lifestyle factors and depression levels (normal, mild, or moderate/severe). RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of depression symptoms among participants was 24%. Participants who were women, were in older age groups, had multimorbidity, lived in isolated Portuguese regions such as islands and Alentejo, and were retired or unemployed more frequently reported depression symptoms. Economic hardship was also found to be associated with an increased frequency of mild or moderate-to-severe depression. In contrast, higher levels of education, regular alcohol intake, and regular exercise were associated with a lower frequency of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight that during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, a high proportion of Portuguese adults reported depression symptoms, particularly the COVID-19-vulnerable strata such seniors, patients with multimorbidity, and people in economic hardship. On the other hand, citizens who performed regular physical exercise reported lower depressive symptomology. Our work contributes to improving the planning of mental health promotion after the COVID-19 pandemic and future emergencies.

Continuing education on child development in primary care: healthcare workers' perspectives / Educação continuada sobre o desenvolvimento infantil na atenção primária: perspectivas dos profissionais de saúde / Educación continua sobre el desarrollo infantil en atención primaria: perspectivas de los profesionales de la salud

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the contributions of a continuing education with Primary Health Care professionals that promotes child development. Method: A continuing education intervention, utilizing a qualitative approach, was conducted among healthcare workers at a Primary Health Care facility in a low-income neighborhood in the city of Recife. The intervention consisted of eight workshops conducted between July and October 2019, with the participation of fifteen healthcare workers. All data from the focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically using Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model as the theoretical framework. Results: Through the continuing education intervention, healthcare professionals were able to reflect on their work processes and personal lives and propose actions to improve child development. Conclusion: The study findings highlight the significant impact of such interventions in changing perceptions and professional practices related to child development. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of continuing education interventions for promoting healthy child development in primary care settings.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as contribuições de uma educação continuada com profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde que promova o desenvolvimento infantil. Método: Foi realizada intervenção de educação continuada, com abordagem qualitativa, entre trabalhadores de saúde de uma unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde de um bairro de baixa renda da cidade do Recife. A intervenção consistiu em oito oficinas realizadas entre julho e outubro de 2019, com a participação de quinze profissionais de saúde. Todos os dados dos grupos focais foram gravados, transcritos e analisados tematicamente utilizando o modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner como referencial teórico. Resultados: Por meio da intervenção de educação continuada, os profissionais de saúde puderam refletir sobre seus processos de trabalho e vida pessoal e propor ações para melhorar o desenvolvimento infantil. Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo destacam o impacto significativo de tais intervenções na mudança de percepções e práticas profissionais relacionadas ao desenvolvimento infantil. No geral, esta investigação fornece informações valiosas sobre a eficácia das intervenções de educação continuada para a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil saudável em ambientes de cuidados primários.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar los aportes de la educación continua con profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud que promueven el desarrollo infantil. Método: Se realizó una intervención de educación continua, con enfoque cualitativo, entre trabajadores de salud de una unidad de Atención Primaria a la Salud de un barrio de bajos ingresos de la ciudad de Recife. La intervención constó de ocho talleres realizados entre julio y octubre de 2019, con la participación de quince profesionales de la salud. Todos los datos de los grupos focales fueron registrados, transcritos y analizados temáticamente utilizando el modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner como marco teórico. Resultados: A través de la intervención de educación continua, los profesionales de la salud pudieron reflexionar sobre sus procesos de vida laboral y personal y proponer acciones para mejorar el desarrollo infantil. Conclusión: Los resultados del estudio resaltan el impacto significativo de tales intervenciones en el cambio de percepciones y prácticas profesionales relacionadas con el desarrollo infantil. En general, esta investigación proporciona información valiosa sobre la efectividad de las intervenciones de educación continua para promover el desarrollo infantil saludable en entornos de atención primaria.

A Video-Based Mobile App as a Health Literacy Tool for Older Adults Living at Home: Protocol for a Utility Study.

BACKGROUND: People aged ≥65 years are more likely to have health problems related to aging, polypharmacy, and low treatment adherence. Moreover, health literacy levels decrease with increasing age. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess an app's utility in promoting health-related knowledge in people aged ≥65 years. METHODS: We developed a simple, intuitive, and video-based app (DigiAdherence) that presents a recipe, nutritional counseling, and content on physical activity, cognitive exercise, motivation to adhere to treatment, fall prevention, and health literacy. A convenience sample of 25 older adults attending the Personalized Health Care Unit of Portimão or the Family Health Unit of Portas do Arade (ACeS Algarve II - Barlavento, ARS Algarve, Portugal) will be recruited. Subjects must be aged ≥65 years, own a smartphone or tablet, be willing to participate, and consent to participate. Those who do not know how to use or do not have a smartphone/tablet will be excluded. Likewise, people with major cognitive or physical impairment as well as those living in a long-term care center will not be included in this study. Participants will have access to the app for 4 weeks and will be evaluated at 3 different timepoints (V0, before they start using the app; V1, after using it for 30 days; and V2, 60 days after stopping using it). After using the app for 30 days, using a 7-point Likert scale, participants will be asked to score the mobile tool's utility in encouraging them to take their medications correctly, improving quality of life, increasing their health-related knowledge, and preventing falls. They will also be asked to assess the app's ease of use and visual esthetics, their motivation to use the app, and their satisfaction with the app. Subjects will be assessed in a clinical interview with a semistructured questionnaire, including questions regarding user experience, satisfaction, the utility of the app, quality of life (EQ-5D-3L instrument), and treatment adherence (Morisky scale). The proportion of participants who considered the app useful for their health at V1 and V2 will be analyzed. Regarding quality of life and treatment adherence perceptions, comparisons will be made between V0 and V1, using the t test for dependent samples. The same comparisons will be made between V0 and V2. RESULTS: This study was funded in December 2019 and authorized by the Executive Board of ACeS Algarve II - Barlavento and by the Ethics Committee of NOVA Medical School (99/2019/CEFCM, June 2020). This protocol was also approved by the Ethics Committee for Health (16/2020, September 2020) and the Executive Board (December 2020) of the Regional Health Administration of the Algarve, IP (Instituto Público). Recruitment was completed in June 2021. CONCLUSIONS: Since the next generation of older adults may have higher digital literacy, information and communication technologies could potentially be used to deliver health-related content to improve lifestyles among older adults. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/29675.

Treatment-resistant depression and major depression with suicide risk-The cost of illness and burden of disease.

Introduction: Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) and Major Depression with Suicide Risk (MDSR) are types of depression with relevant effects on the health of the population and a potentially significant economic impact. This study estimates the burden of disease and the costs of illness attributed to Treatment-Resistant Depression and Major Depression with Suicide Risk in Portugal. Methods: The disease burden for adults was quantified in 2017 using the Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. Direct costs related to the health care system and indirect costs were estimated for 2017, with indirect costs resulting from the reduction in productivity. Estimates were based on multiple sources of information, including the National Epidemiological Study on Mental Health, the Hospital Morbidity Database, data from the Portuguese National Statistics Institute on population and causes of death, official data on wages, statistics on the pharmaceutical market, and qualified opinions of experts. Results: The estimated prevalence of TRD, MDSR, and both types of depression combined was 79.4 thousand, 52.5 thousand, and 11.3 thousand patients, respectively. The disease burden (DALY) due to the disability generated by TRD alone, MDSR alone, and the joint prevalence was 25.2 thousand, 21 thousand, and 4.5 thousand, respectively, totaling 50.7 thousand DALYs. The disease burden due to premature death by suicide was 15.6 thousand DALYs. The estimated total disease burden was 66.3 thousand DALYs. In 2017, the annual direct costs with TRD and MDSR were estimated at € 30.8 million, with the most important components being medical appointments and medication. The estimated indirect costs were much higher than the direct costs. Adding work productivity losses due to reduced employment, absenteeism, presenteeism, and premature death, a total cost of € 1.1 billion was obtained. Conclusions: Although TRD and MDSR represent relatively small direct costs for the health system, they have a relevant disease burden and extremely substantial productivity costs for the Portuguese economy and society, making TRD and MDSR priority areas for achieving health gains.

Linguistic and cultural adaptation of the EARP Questionnaire to European Portuguese.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims at the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the Early ARthritis for Psoriatic Patients (EARP) questionnaire into European Portuguese, for psoriatic patients attending dermatology medical examination. METHODS: Firstly, we performed a process of translation and back-translation of the English version of the EARP Questionnaire to European Portuguese, with interim and final harmonization. The resulting Portuguese version was approved by the EARP original author. Secondly, individual interviews were conducted to complete the linguistic and cultural adaptation of the initial translated Portuguese version, with the think-aloud and probe methods. At this stage, we conducted eight interviews, four with rheumatology and dermatology doctors (experts), and four with patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. Finally, the version resulting from the adaptation process was back-translated from Portuguese to English. RESULTS: Our results showed that EARP Questionnaire's items are easy to understand and do not raise comprehension concerns in experts or patients. Our findings suggested that items demanding health literacy from patients and that do not include a precise cue to signal the inflammatory nature of the joint pain may lead to confusion while answering, potentially leading to the patient's need for assistance. CONCLUSION: The Portuguese version of the EARP Questionnaire demonstrated adequate comprehension properties. Our findings support the use of this measure in clinical practice and future research, however, a validation study with Portuguese patients is needed.

A Home-Based eHealth Intervention for an Older Adult Population With Food Insecurity: Feasibility and Acceptability Study.

BACKGROUND: Food insecurity is a global public health challenge, affecting predominately the most vulnerable people in society, including older adults. For this population, eHealth interventions represent an opportunity for promoting healthy lifestyle habits, thus mitigating the consequences of food insecurity. However, before their widespread dissemination, it is essential to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of these interventions among end users. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the feasibility and acceptability of a home-based eHealth intervention focused on improving dietary and physical activity through an interactive television (TV) app among older adults with food insecurity. METHODS: A pilot noncontrolled quasi-experimental study was designed with baseline and 3-month follow-up assessments. Older adult participants with food insecurity were recruited from 17 primary health care centers in Portugal. A home-based intervention program using an interactive TV app aimed at promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors was implemented over 12 weeks. Primary outcomes were feasibility (self-reported use and interest in eHealth) and acceptability (affective attitude, burden, ethicality, perceived effectiveness, and self-efficacy), which were evaluated using a structured questionnaire with a 7-point Likert scale. Secondary outcomes were changes in food insecurity (Household Food Insecurity Scale), quality of life (European Quality of Life Questionnaire with five dimensions and three levels and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue), physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire, Elderly Mobility Scale, grip strength, and regularity of exercise), and nutritional status (adherence to the Mediterranean diet). RESULTS: A sample of 31 older adult individuals with food insecurity was enrolled in the 12-week intervention program with no dropouts. A total of 10 participants self-reported low use of the TV app. After the intervention, participants were significantly more interested in using eHealth to improve food insecurity (baseline median 1.0, IQR 3.0; 3-month median 5.0, IQR 5.0; P=.01) and for other purposes (baseline median 1.0, IQR 2.0; 3-month median 6.0, IQR 2.0; P=.03). High levels of acceptability were found both before and after (median range 7.0-7.0, IQR 2.0-0.0 and 5.0-7.0, IQR 2.0-2.0, respectively) the intervention, with no significant changes for most constructs. Clinically, there was a reduction of 40% in food insecurity (P=.001), decreased fatigue (mean -3.82, SD 8.27; P=.02), and improved physical function (Health Assessment Questionnaire: mean -0.22, SD 0.38; P=.01; Elderly Mobility Scale: mean -1.50, SD 1.08; P=.01; regularity of exercise: baseline 10/31, 32%; 3 months 18/31, 58%; P=.02). No differences were found for the European Quality of Life Questionnaire with five dimensions and three levels, grip strength, or adherence to the Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS: The home-based eHealth intervention was feasible and highly acceptable by participants, thus supporting a future full-scale trial. The intervention program not only reduced the proportion of older adults with food insecurity but also improved participants' fatigue and physical function. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/resprot.6626.

Staff SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence and Mental Health as Key Factors in University Response to COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: In response to rapid global spread of the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), universities transitioned to online learning and telework to decrease risks of inter-person contact. To help administrators respond to the COVID-19 pandemic and better understand its impacts, we surveyed SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among NOVA University employees and assessed community mental health. Methods: Data were collected from voluntary participants at six NOVA University locations, in the Lisbon metropolitan area, from June 15-30, 2020. All subjects provided written informed consent. Of 1,627 recruited participants (mean age 42.0 ± 12.3 years), 1,624 were tested. Prior to blood collection, participants completed a questionnaire that assessed: COVID-19 symptoms during the previous 14 days, chronic non-communicable diseases, chronic medication, anxiety, and depression symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 serology tests were then performed, and results communicated approximately 4 days after blood draw. Participants with positive serology tests were contacted to assess COVID-19 symptoms since February. Results: Estimated prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies was 3.1% (n = 50), of which 43.5% reported symptoms in the previous 4 months. The Medical School had the highest seroprevalence (6.2%). Participants reported having at least one chronic disease (63.7%), depression-like symptoms (2.1%), and anxiety symptoms (8.1%). Rates of depression and anxiety symptoms were significantly higher in women, with sleep hours and occasional alcohol consumption negatively associated with depression. Male gender, older age, and sleep hours negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. School of employment and presence of comorbidities positively associated with anxiety. Conclusion: By measuring seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among NOVA employees and assessing subjects' mental health, we aim to help administrators at European public universities in urban areas, such as Lisbon, Portugal, better understand the needs of their communities. This study resulted in implementation of a stricter contingency plan in the Medical School, while other schools continued to follow Government mitigation guidelines. These findings may also guide the development of tailored strategies to ensure physical and mental health of the academic community during this pandemic crisis. We conclude that, together with COVID-19 contingency plans, psychological support services and facilities to help people effectively face pandemic-associated challenges and minimise anxiety and depression should be implemented.

Interventions to prevent elder abuse in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the interventions proposed in the literature aimed at preventing elder abuse among community-residing elders. METHOD: This was a mixed-methods systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols checklist. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We included studies published between January 2004 and December 2019 in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO. The methodological quality of each study included was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS: Seven studies formed the final sample. Two groups emerged after the analyses: the primary level intervention group, which used health education and coexisting elder abuse groups; and the secondary intervention level, focused mostly on the mental health care of victims of elder abuse. CONCLUSION: There is still a shortage of intervention studies to prevent elder abuse. All the studies selected had a positive outcome, and all interventions can be implemented in nursing care practice.

Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women. METHOD: this is a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional research conducted with 122 older adult females in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out using validated instruments adapted to Brazil. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson's chi- square, Spearman's correlation test, and Multiple Logistic Regression). RESULTS: there was prevalence of a risk of abuse against older adult women under 70 years of age, literate, without a stable relationship, living alone, without any work activity, and who had an income higher than the minimum wage. There is a significant association between the risk of violence among older women with a higher number of chronic health conditions (24; 77.4%), and who are less active in advanced activities (42; 70.0%). A reduction in quality of life and satisfaction with life, and the onset of depressive symptoms, increase the risk of violence. CONCLUSION: multimorbidity, low functional capacity, depressive symptoms, low quality of life and low satisfaction with life, a high number of chronic conditions, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence to perform daily activities can be conditioning factors for the emergence of abuse against older adults.

Interventions to prevent elder abuse in the community: a mixed-methods systematic review / Intervenções para prevenir o abuso de idosos na comunidade: uma revisão sistemática de métodos mistos / Intervenciones para prevenir el abuso de personas mayores en la comunidad: una revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the interventions proposed in the literature aimed at preventing elder abuse among community-residing elders. Method: This was a mixed-methods systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols checklist. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. We included studies published between January 2004 and December 2019 in the databases: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE and SciELO. The methodological quality of each study included was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: Seven studies formed the final sample. Two groups emerged after the analyses: the primary level intervention group, which used health education and coexisting elder abuse groups; and the secondary intervention level, focused mostly on the mental health care of victims of elder abuse. Conclusion: There is still a shortage of intervention studies to prevent elder abuse. All the studies selected had a positive outcome, and all interventions can be implemented in nursing care practice.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar na literatura as intervenções propostas para prevenir maus-tratos a idosos residentes na comunidade. Método: Revisão sistemática mista conduzida de acordo com a recomendação PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Foram incluídos estudos publicados entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2019 nas bases de dados: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE e SciELO. Para avaliar a qualidade metodológica de cada estudo incluído, foi utilizada a Ferramenta para Análise de Métodos Mistos. Resultados: Sete estudos formaram a amostra final. Após as análises, emergiram dois grupos, o grupo de intervenção de nível primário, onde foi utilizada educação em saúde e grupos de abuso de idosos coexistentes; e o grupo de intervenção de nível secundário, focado principalmente na atenção à saúde mental dos idosos vítimas de abuso. Conclusão: Estudos de intervenção para prevenir o abuso de idosos ainda são escassos. Todos os estudos selecionados tiveram resultado positivo, e todas as intervenções podem ser implementadas na prática assistencial de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las intervenciones propuestas en la literatura dirigidas a prevenir el maltrato a personas mayores residentes en la comunidad. Método: Revisión sistemática de métodos mixtos realizada de acuerdo con la recomendación PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis). El protocolo para esta revisión sistemática se registró en el International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Se incluyeron los estudios publicados entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2019 en las bases de datos: LILACS, IBECS, CUMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE y SciELO. Para evaluar la calidad metodológica de cada estudio incluido, se utilizó la Herramienta de Análisis de Métodos Mixtos. Resultados: Siete estudios formaron la muestra final. Después del análisis, surgieron dos grupos, el grupo de intervención de nivel primario, donde se utilizó educación para la salud y grupos de abuso de las personas mayores coexistentes; y el grupo de intervención de nivel secundario, enfocado principalmente en la atención de salud mental de personas mayores víctimas de abuso. Conclusión: Los estudios de intervención para prevenir el maltrato a las personas mayores aún son escasos. Todos los estudios seleccionados tuvieron resultados positivos y todas las intervenciones se pueden implementar en la práctica del cuidado de enfermería.

Nursing interventions to promote child development through Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Theory / Intervenciones de enfermería para promover el desarrollo infantil desde la Teoría Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner / Intervenções de enfermagem para promoção do desenvolvimento infantil a partir da Teoria Bioecológica de Bronfenbrenner

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the benefits and limitations of nursing interventions for the promotion of child development, according to the Bioecological Theory of Human Development, by Bronfenbrenner. Method: an integrative review, from the databases PubMed, Lilacs, CINAHL, Web of Science and Scopus, using the descriptors: "child development" AND "nurses" OR "nursing". No time limit was set for publications. The search was perfomed in September 2019 and update in March 2020. Results: 24 studies were selected for the final sample. The predominant type of study design was the clinical trial (60%). The home visit was the most used strategy (60%). Seven main themes emerged from the outcomes of the interventions: the child, maternal health, parenting skills, relationship between nurse and mother/father, use of social benefits, professional practice, and family violence. The process component was present in all studies, portraying the relevance of proximal interactions in the home environment. Only two interventions had no impact on any outcome. Conclusion: nursing interventions showed benefits in all outcomes, especially in outcomes related to children and parental practices, and improved situations of interaction between caregivers and children, reducing punitive practices and violence against children. It is essential to consider the bioecological perspective, so that nursing interventions, in promoting child development, are more effective.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los beneficios y limitaciones de las intervenciones de enfermería para promover el desarrollo infantil, según la Teoría Bioecológica del Desarrollo Humano de Bronfenbrenner. Método: revisión integrativa, en bases de datos PubMed, Lilacs, CINAHL, Web of Science y Scopus, utilizando los descriptores: "desarrollo infantil" Y "enfermeras" O "enfermería". No se estableció un límite de tiempo para las publicaciones. La búsqueda se realizó en septiembre de 2019 y se actualizó en marzo de 2020. Resultados: se seleccionaron 24 estudios para la muestra final. El tipo de diseño de estudio predominante fue el ensayo clínico (60%). Las visitas domiciliarias fueron la estrategia más utilizada (60%). Entre los resultados de la intervención surgieron siete temas principales: niño, salud materna, habilidades parentales, relación entre enfermera y madre / padre, uso de beneficios sociales, práctica profesional y violencia familiar. El componente proceso estuvo presente en todos los estudios, retratando la relevancia de las interacciones proximales en el ambiente del hogar. Solo dos intervenciones no tuvieron impacto en ningún resultado. Conclusión: las intervenciones de enfermería mostraron beneficios en todos los resultados, especialmente en los relacionados con los niños y las prácticas parentales, aumentando las situaciones de interacción entre los cuidadores y los niños, reduciendo las prácticas punitivas y la violencia contra los niños. Es fundamental considerar la perspectiva bioecológica, para que las intervenciones de enfermería en la promoción del desarrollo infantil sean más efectivas.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os benefícios e limitações de intervenções de enfermagem para a promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, segundo a Teoria Bioecológica do Desenvolvimento Humano, de Bronfenbrenner. Método: revisão integrativa, nas bases de dados PubMed, Lilacs, CINAHL, Web of Science e Scopus, utilizando os descritores: "child development" AND "nurses" OR "nursing". Não foi estabelecido limite temporal para as publicações. A busca foi realizada em setembro de 2019 e atualizada em março de 2020. Resultados: foram selecionados, para a amostra final, 24 estudos. O tipo de desenho de estudo predominante foi o ensaio clínico (60%). A visita domiciliar foi a estratégia mais utilizada (60%). Sete temas principais surgiram entre os desfechos das intervenções: criança, saúde materna, competências parentais, relação entre enfermeiro(a) e mãe/pai, uso de benefício social, prática profissional e violência familiar. O componente processo esteve presente em todos os estudos, retratando a relevância das interações proximais no ambiente domiciliar. Apenas duas intervenções não tiveram impacto em nenhum desfecho. Conclusão: as intervenções de enfermagem apresentaram benefícios em todos os desfechos, principalmente nos desfechos ligados a criança e práticas parentais, aumentando situações de interação entre cuidadores e crianças, reduzindo práticas punitivas e de violência contra a criança. É essencial considerar a perspectiva bioecológica, para que as intervenções de enfermagem, na promoção do desenvolvimento infantil, sejam mais eficazes.

Factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women: a cross-sectional study / Fatores associados ao risco de violência contra mulheres idosas: um estudo transversal / Factores asociados con el riesgo de violencia contra mujeres de edad avanzada: un estudio transversal

Objective: to identify the factors associated with the risk of violence against older adult women. Method: this is a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional research conducted with 122 older adult females in the city of Recife, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data collection was carried out using validated instruments adapted to Brazil. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequency) and inferential statistics (Pearson's chi- square, Spearman's correlation test, and Multiple Logistic Regression). Results: there was prevalence of a risk of abuse against older adult women under 70 years of age, literate, without a stable relationship, living alone, without any work activity, and who had an income higher than the minimum wage. There is a significant association between the risk of violence among older women with a higher number of chronic health conditions (24; 77.4%), and who are less active in advanced activities (42; 70.0%). A reduction in quality of life and satisfaction with life, and the onset of depressive symptoms, increase the risk of violence. Conclusion: multimorbidity, low functional capacity, depressive symptoms, low quality of life and low satisfaction with life, a high number of chronic conditions, depressive symptoms, and functional dependence to perform daily activities can be conditioning factors for the emergence of abuse against older adults.

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao risco de violência contra mulheres idosas. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, analítica e transversal, realizada com 122 mulheres idosas na cidade de Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de instrumentos validados e adaptados para o Brasil. A análise foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva (frequência absoluta e relativa) e estatística inferencial (qui-quadrado de Pearson, teste de correlação de Spearman e regressão logística múltipla). Resultados: houve prevalência de risco de maus-tratos em mulheres idosas com menos de 70 anos, alfabetizadas, sem união estável, morando sozinhas, sem nenhuma atividade laboral e com renda superior a um salário mínimo. Existe uma associação significativa entre o risco de violência entre mulheres idosas com maior número de doenças crônicas (24; 77,4%) e menos ativas em atividades avançadas (42; 70,0%). A redução da qualidade de vida e do nível de satisfação com a vida e o aparecimento de sintomas depressivos aumentam o risco de violência. Conclusão: multimorbidade, baixa capacidade funcional, sintomas depressivos, baixa qualidade de vida e baixa satisfação com a vida, elevado número de condições crônicas, sintomas depressivos e dependência funcional para a realização de atividades diárias podem ser fatores condicionantes para o surgimento de maus-tratos contra idosos.

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados con el riesgo de violencia contra mujeres de edad avanzada. Método: se trata de una investigación cuantitativa, analítica y transversal realizada con 122 mujeres de edad avanzada en la ciudad de Recife, estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. La recopilación de datos se llevó a cabo utilizando instrumentos validados y adaptados al Brasil. En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas (frecuencia absoluta y relativa) y estadísticas inferenciales (prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson, prueba de correlación de Spearman y Regresión Logística Múltiple). Resultados: se observó prevalencia de riesgo de abuso contra mujeres mayores de 70 años, alfabetizadas, sin una relación estable, que viven solas, sin ninguna actividad laboral y que tienen un ingreso superior al salario mínimo. Existe una asociación significativa entre el riesgo de violencia entre las mujeres de edad avanzada con un mayor número de condiciones de salud crónicas (24; 77,4%), y aquellas con menos actividad (42; 70,0%). La reducción de la calidad de vida y la insatisfacción con la vida, así como la aparición de síntomas de depresión, aumentan el riesgo de violencia. Conclusión: la multimorbilidad, la baja capacidad funcional, los síntomas de depresión, la baja calidad de vida, la insatisfacción con la vida, un elevado número de afecciones crónicas y la dependencia funcional para realizar actividades cotidianas pueden ser factores condicionantes para la aparición del abuso contra personas de edad avanzada.

LEAVES (optimizing the mentaL health and resiliencE of older Adults that haVe lost thEir spouSe via blended, online therapy): Proposal for an Online Service Development and Evaluation.

BACKGROUND: Loss of a spouse is a frequent occurrence in later life. While most older adults successfully process this loss and will return to a normal life, about 10% of the individuals are unable to cope, and progress to prolonged grief (PG). PG, in turn, can result in mental and physical problems including poor sleep, cardiovascular problems, depression, and suicidal tendencies. OBJECTIVE: LEAVES (optimizing the mentaL health and resiliencE of older Adults that haVe lost thEir spouSe via blended, online therapy) is an online bereavement program that will support the prevention and treatment of PG, so that elderly mourners can continue to lead an active, meaningful, and dignified life. LEAVES will cater to secondary end users (eg, family, informal caregivers) by reducing stress. METHODS: LEAVES will help older adults to process the loss of a spouse in an online environment, which consists of (1) an existing online grief self-help program LIVIA, (2) the Before You Leave program that allows for storing personal memories, (3) a virtual agent platform, and (4) an accessible front-end design. LEAVES can detect persons at risk for complications, reveal negative trends in their emotional life, and act to counter such trends. The service relies on online support whenever possible but is blended with telephone or face-to-face counseling when necessary. RESULTS: The project will take place between February 2020 and January 2023 and includes a real-life evaluation in which 315 end users will use the service across 3 countries (the Netherlands, Portugal, and Switzerland). The evaluation of LEAVES will focus on clinical effect, its business case, and technology acceptance. The results will pave the way for smooth integration into existing care paths and reimbursement schemes. CONCLUSIONS: The LEAVES service aims to soften the mourning process, prevents depression or social isolation, strengthens widow(er)s resilience and well-being, and quickens one's return to societal participation. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/19344.

Factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognition in elderly victims of violence.

OBJECTIVE: To identify, among elderly people victims of violence, factors associated with depressive symptoms and cognitive function. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study carried out with 56 elderly people classified in situation of violence. To do so it was used the Brazil Old Age Shedule (BOAS), the Conflict Tactics Scales Form R, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Mini-mental State examination (MMSE). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were more predominant in elderly men, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, with no job, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone; and the cognitive deficit prevailed in women, over 70 years old, without partner, illiterate, who did not work, receiving up to 1 minimum wage and who lived alone. CONCLUSION: Among the elderly population victim of violence, lack of a partner and cognitive impairment were associated to depressive symptoms; and finding themselves living alone, with no partner and being illiterate were associated to cognitive deficit.

Quality of life in adults living in the community with previous self-reported myocardial infarction.

AIM: Quality of life (QoL) is one of the most important patient-reported outcomes in chronic diseases. Using a population-based cohort, our objective was to assess health-related QoL in individuals with a previous myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS: This study was conducted on a large database representative of the adult Portuguese population aged 18 years or over, living in the community. Participants were assessed through telephone interview. A standardized questionnaire was applied to every individual about self-reported chronic diseases, including previous MI. QoL was assessed with the EQ-5D-3L version of EuroQol. The prevalence of previous MI was calculated and linear regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of previous MI in the adult Portuguese population was 1.1%. These patients were older and more often male, had lower income and lower education levels, and were more often from urban areas. Respondents with self-reported MI assigned a lower self-perception to their health status in all domains, particularly in mobility and anxiety/depression. The mean EQ-5D-3L score in patients with MI was 0.73±0.34, significantly lower than in patients without MI (0.78±0.29). Also, the number of chronic diseases was significantly higher in patients with MI (5.0±2.2 vs. 1.7±1.8). Previous MI was not independently associated with QoL, which was related to age, gender and number of comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Adults with previous MI have a worse self-perceived health status and QoL. Previous MI was not an independent predictor of health-related QoL after controlling for age, gender and associated chronic diseases.

Validation of the Telephone-Administered Version of the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) Questionnaire.

A 14-Item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire was developed and validated in face-to-face interviews, but not via telephone. The aims of this study were to evaluate the validity and reliability of a telephone-administered version of the MEDAS as well as to validate the Portuguese version of the MEDAS questionnaire. A convenience community-based sample of adults (n = 224) participated in a three-stage survey. First, trained researchers administered MEDAS via a telephone. Second, the Portuguese version of Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), and MEDAS were administered in a semi-structured face-to-face interview. Finally, MEDAS was again administered via telephone. The telephone-administered MEDAS questionnaire was compared with the face-to-face-version using several metrics. The telephone-administered MEDAS was significantly correlated with the face-to-face-administered MEDAS [r = 0.805, p < 0.001; interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.803, p < 0.001] and showed strong agreement (k = 0.60). The MEDAS scores that were obtained in the first and second telephone interviews were significantly correlated (r = 0.661, p < 0.001; ICC = 0.639, p < 0.001). The overall agreement between the Portuguese version of MEDAS and the FFQ-derived Mediterranean diet adherence score had a Cohen's k = 0.39. The telephone-administered version of MEDAS is a valid tool for assessing the adherence to the Mediterranean diet and acquiring data for large population-based studies.