Colorectal cancer survival in Greater Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. / Sobrevida do câncer colorretal na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the specific five-year survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed between 2008 and 2013, according to sex and age group, of residents in Greater Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study. Specific survival of CRC was considered as the time between disease diagnosis and death from CRC, in months. Data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and the Brazilian Mortality Information System were used. To estimate the probability of survival by sex and age group, the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used, and to estimate the effect of age group on the survival of participants, the Cox model stratified by sex was adjusted. RESULTS: From 2008 to 2013, 683 new cases and 193 deaths from CRC were registered. The median time between diagnosis and death from CRC was 44.8 months (95%CI 42.4- 47.3) for women and 46.1 months (95%CI 43.4-48.6) for men, and the five-year survival probabilities of 83.5% (95%CI 79.9-87.2%) and 89.6% (95%CI 86.4-93.0%), respectively. Men aged 70-79 years (HR=2.97; 95%CI 1.11-3.87) and 80 years or older (HR=3.09; 95%CI 1.31-7.27) were at higher risk of mortality, and we verified no difference for women. CONCLUSION: Women had a shorter time between the diagnosis of CRC and death from the disease as well as a lower probability of survival. Conversely, men were at higher risk of mortality after 70 years of age.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a sobrevida específica em cinco anos do câncer colorretal diagnosticado entre 2008 e 2013, segundo sexo e faixa etária, de residentes na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva. A sobrevida específica pelo câncer colorretal foi considerada como o tempo entre o diagnóstico da doença até o óbito por câncer colorretal, em meses. Utilizaram-se dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para estimar a probabilidade de sobrevida por sexo e faixa etária, utilizou-se o estimador de Kaplan-Meier, e, para estimar o efeito da faixa etária na sobrevida dos participantes, foi ajustado modelo de Cox estratificado por sexo. RESULTADOS: De 2008 a 2013, registraram-se 683 casos novos e 193 óbitos por câncer colorretal. O tempo mediano entre o diagnóstico e a morte por câncer colorretal foi de 44,8 meses (IC95% 42,4­47,3) para as mulheres e 46,1 meses (IC95% 43,4­48,6) para os homens e a probabilidade de sobrevida em cinco anos de 83,5% (IC95% 79,9­87,2%) e 89,6% (IC95% 86,4­93,0%), respectivamente. Os homens com 70-79 anos (HR=2,97; IC95% 1,11­3,87) e com 80 anos ou mais (HR=3,09; IC95% 1,31­7,27) apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade e sem diferença para as mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: O sexo feminino apresentou menor tempo entre o diagnóstico e o óbito pela doença, assim como menor probabilidade de sobrevida. Em contrapartida, foram os homens que apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade a partir dos 70 anos.

Sobrevida do câncer colorretal na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil / Colorectal cancer survival in Greater Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a sobrevida específica em cinco anos do câncer colorretal diagnosticado entre 2008 e 2013, segundo sexo e faixa etária, de residentes na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva. A sobrevida específica pelo câncer colorretal foi considerada como o tempo entre o diagnóstico da doença até o óbito por câncer colorretal, em meses. Utilizaram-se dados do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Para estimar a probabilidade de sobrevida por sexo e faixa etária, utilizou-se o estimador de Kaplan-Meier, e, para estimar o efeito da faixa etária na sobrevida dos participantes, foi ajustado modelo de Cox estratificado por sexo. Resultados: De 2008 a 2013, registraram-se 683 casos novos e 193 óbitos por câncer colorretal. O tempo mediano entre o diagnóstico e a morte por câncer colorretal foi de 44,8 meses (IC95% 42,4-47,3) para as mulheres e 46,1 meses (IC95% 43,4-48,6) para os homens e a probabilidade de sobrevida em cinco anos de 83,5% (IC95% 79,9-87,2%) e 89,6% (IC95% 86,4-93,0%), respectivamente. Os homens com 70-79 anos (HR=2,97; IC95% 1,11-3,87) e com 80 anos ou mais (HR=3,09; IC95% 1,31-7,27) apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade e sem diferença para as mulheres. Conclusão: O sexo feminino apresentou menor tempo entre o diagnóstico e o óbito pela doença, assim como menor probabilidade de sobrevida. Em contrapartida, foram os homens que apresentaram maior risco de mortalidade a partir dos 70 anos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the specific five-year survival of colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed between 2008 and 2013, according to sex and age group, of residents in Greater Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Specific survival of CRC was considered as the time between disease diagnosis and death from CRC, in months. Data from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and the Brazilian Mortality Information System were used. To estimate the probability of survival by sex and age group, the Kaplan-Meier estimator was used, and to estimate the effect of age group on the survival of participants, the Cox model stratified by sex was adjusted. Results: From 2008 to 2013, 683 new cases and 193 deaths from CRC were registered. The median time between diagnosis and death from CRC was 44.8 months (95%CI 42.4- 47.3) for women and 46.1 months (95%CI 43.4-48.6) for men, and the five-year survival probabilities of 83.5% (95%CI 79.9-87.2%) and 89.6% (95%CI 86.4-93.0%), respectively. Men aged 70-79 years (HR=2.97; 95%CI 1.11-3.87) and 80 years or older (HR=3.09; 95%CI 1.31-7.27) were at higher risk of mortality, and we verified no difference for women. Conclusion: Women had a shorter time between the diagnosis of CRC and death from the disease as well as a lower probability of survival. Conversely, men were at higher risk of mortality after 70 years of age.

Cancer surveillance in Mato Grosso, Brazil: methodological and operational aspects of a university extension/research project.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the methodological and operational aspects of the "Project for surveillance of cancer and its associated factors: population-based and hospital-based registry" (VIGICAN), in the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. METHODS: VIGICAN was divided into two projects: a university extension one, which updated the data from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of MT in the 2008-2016 period; and a research project, which collected primary data, through individual interviews and analysis of medical records of people with a diagnosis of cancer, aged 18 years or older, treated at reference hospitals for oncology. To analyze the factors associated with cancer, the following variables were collected: socioeconomic and demographic, social support, health status and behavior, and environmental exposure. RESULTS: In the 2008-2016 period, approximately one hundred thousand cases of cancer (incident and prevalent) were reported in the PBCR Cuiabá and PBCR Interior. After validation procedures, 50 thousand incident cases were elected. The survey interviewed 1,012 patients, 38.2% living in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, 60.4% in small cities of the state, and 1.4% in other states. Preliminary data showed that the majority were women (55.0%) and younger than 60 years of age (54.3%). Among the interviewees, 7.2% reported smoking tobacco, 15.5% consumed alcoholic beverages (15.5%), and 32.7% lived nearby crops. CONCLUSION: The development of these projects allowed the integration of education with health services and will enable the recognition of specificities and different exposure scenarios and factors associated with cancer in the Mato Grosso territory.

Socioeconomic development and colorectal cancer mortality in a state of the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2005 to 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlation between colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates and socioeconomic factors in the five mesoregions (North, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest and Center-South) of the state of Mato Grosso, from 2005 to 2016. METHODS: Ecological study that considered deaths from CRC (C18 to C21) of residents of the state. Mortality rates were standardized by the direct method, using the world standard population. For the analysis of socioeconomic factors, the Firjan Municipal Development Index (IFDM) and its components (education, income and employment and health) were used. Means of mortality rates and socioeconomic factors between the mesoregions were tested using ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between mortality rates due to CRC and these factors. RESULTS: In the period from 2005 to 2016, 1,492 deaths from CRC were registered in the state of Mato Grosso. The Southwest mesoregion had the highest average for both the crude rate and standardized CRC mortality rates (3.47 and 3.86 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, respectively). There was a significant correlation between mortality rates from the disease with the following indicators: Overall IFDM for the North, Southeast and Center-South mesoregions; education for the North and Southeast mesoregions; income and employment for the North and Center-South mesoregions; and health for the North, Southeast and Center-South mesoregions. CONCLUSION: There was a correlation between CRC mortality rates and better socioeconomic development in the state.

Colorectal cancer mortality trend in Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time series of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, according to sex and age group, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2019. METHODS: Ecological time series study, with standardized mortality rates from CRC (C18 to C21) among residents of Mato Grosso. Information on deaths was provided by the Mato Grosso State Health Department, comprising the Mortality Information System and demographic information obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The joinpoint regression analysis was used in the analysis of temporal trend. RESULTS: A total of 2,406 deaths from CRC were identified in Mato Grosso between 2000 and 2019. The highest rates were found among the age group from 60 to 79 years. There was an increasing trend in mortality rates among men due to CRC for almost all age groups, with the exception of those aged 40 to 49 years and 80 years and older. For women, there was a significant increase in the age groups from 50 to 59 years and 80 years and older. CONCLUSION: The results showed an increase in mortality rates from CRC in the state of Mato Grosso, from 2000 to 2019, in certain age groups for both sexes, but especially for men. Knowledge about the evolution of mortality can provide data on the epidemiological situation of cancer at the local level and, thus, contribute to the development of actions to control and prevent this disease.

Trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brazil), from 2000 to 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the temporal incidence trend of colorectal cancer (CRC), according to sex and age, in the Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016. METHODS: Ecological time series study, with cases of CRC (C18 to C21) diagnosed from 2000 to 2016, of residents of the Greater Cuiabá (Cuiabá and Várzea Grande), in Mato Grosso. The information on the cases was obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The rates were adjusted by world population. The age groups considered ranged from 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years and 80 years and older. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of incidence. RESULTS: A total of 1,715 cases of CRC were registered with information on sex and age, with an adjusted rate of 16.4 new cases/100,000 men and 16.1 new cases/100,000 women. Men presented trend of increasing incidence rates in the age group of 70 to 79 years, with increase of 4.0% per year, while women presented trend of increase in the age group 50 to 59 years, with increase of 2.7% per year. CONCLUSION: Older men showed a more significant trend towards an increase in the incidence of CRC, but in women this occurred in a younger age group, highlighting the importance of considering age related information in the analyzes of occurrence of the disease in this population.

Trends in the incidence of colorectal cancer in Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brazil), from 2000 to 2016 / Tendência da incidência de câncer colorretal na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brasil), de 2000 a 2016

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the temporal incidence trend of colorectal cancer (CRC), according to sex and age, in the Greater Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2016. Methods: Ecological time series study, with cases of CRC (C18 to C21) diagnosed from 2000 to 2016, of residents of the Greater Cuiabá (Cuiabá and Várzea Grande), in Mato Grosso. The information on the cases was obtained from the Population-Based Cancer Registry and population data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The rates were adjusted by world population. The age groups considered ranged from 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, 70 to 79 years and 80 years and older. Joinpoint regression was used to analyze the trend of incidence. Results: A total of 1,715 cases of CRC were registered with information on sex and age, with an adjusted rate of 16.4 new cases/100,000 men and 16.1 new cases/100,000 women. Men presented trend of increasing incidence rates in the age group of 70 to 79 years, with increase of 4.0% per year, while women presented trend of increase in the age group 50 to 59 years, with increase of 2.7% per year. Conclusion: Older men showed a more significant trend towards an increase in the incidence of CRC, but in women this occurred in a younger age group, highlighting the importance of considering age related information in the analyzes of occurrence of the disease in this population.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da incidência do câncer colorretal (CCR) segundo sexo e faixa etária, na Grande Cuiabá, Mato Grosso (Brasil), de 2000 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com casos de CCR (C18 a C21) diagnosticados de 2000 a 2016 em residentes da Grande Cuiabá (Cuiabá e Várzea Grande), em Mato Grosso. As informações dos casos foram provenientes do Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional e os dados populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. As taxas foram ajustadas pela população mundial. Consideraram-se as faixas etárias de 30 a 39 anos, 40 a 49 anos, 50 a 59 anos, 60 a 69 anos, 70 a 79 anos e 80 anos ou mais. Para análise da tendência temporal da incidência, empregou-se a regressão por joinpoint. Resultados: Foram registrados 1.715 casos de CCR com informação de sexo e idade, com taxa ajustada de 16,4 casos novos/100 mil homens e 16,1 casos novos/100 mil mulheres. Os homens apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento das taxas de incidência na faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos, com acréscimo de 4,0% ao ano, e as mulheres apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento na faixa etária de 50 a 59 anos, com acréscimo de 2,7% ao ano. Conclusão: Os homens mais velhos apresentaram tendência temporal de aumento da incidência de CCR de forma mais expressiva, porém nas mulheres isso ocorreu em faixa etária mais jovem, ressaltando a importância de considerar a informação sobre a idade nas análises sobre a ocorrência da doença nessa população.

Colorectal cancer mortality trend in Mato Grosso, Brazil, 2000 to 2019 / Tendência da mortalidade por câncer colorretal em Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2000 a 2019

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the time series of colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality, according to sex and age group, in Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2019. Methods: Ecological time series study, with standardized mortality rates from CRC (C18 to C21) among residents of Mato Grosso. Information on deaths was provided by the Mato Grosso State Health Department, comprising the Mortality Information System and demographic information obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The joinpoint regression analysis was used in the analysis of temporal trend. Results: A total of 2,406 deaths from CRC were identified in Mato Grosso between 2000 and 2019. The highest rates were found among the age group from 60 to 79 years. There was an increasing trend in mortality rates among men due to CRC for almost all age groups, with the exception of those aged 40 to 49 years and 80 years and older. For women, there was a significant increase in the age groups from 50 to 59 years and 80 years and older. Conclusion: The results showed an increase in mortality rates from CRC in the state of Mato Grosso, from 2000 to 2019, in certain age groups for both sexes, but especially for men. Knowledge about the evolution of mortality can provide data on the epidemiological situation of cancer at the local level and, thus, contribute to the development of actions to control and prevent this disease.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal da mortalidade por câncer colorretal (CCR) segundo sexo e faixa etária, em Mato Grosso, Brasil, de 2000 a 2019. Métodos: Estudo ecológico de série temporal das taxas ajustadas de mortalidade pelo CCR (C18 a C21) de residentes de Mato Grosso. As informações sobre os óbitos foram fornecidas pela Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Mato Grosso e compõem o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade, e as informações demográficas foram obtidas do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. Para a tendência temporal, foi empregada a análise de regressão por joinpoint. Resultados: Foram identificados 2.406 óbitos por CCR em Mato Grosso no período de 2000 a 2019. As maiores taxas foram encontradas entre as faixas etárias de 60 e 79 anos. Para os homens, evidenciou-se tendência crescente das taxas de mortalidade por CCR para quase todas as faixas etárias, com exceção das de 40 a 49 anos e de 80 anos ou mais. Para as mulheres, houve aumento significativo nas faixas etárias de 50 a 59 anos e de 80 anos ou mais. Conclusão: Os resultados do estudo mostraram aumento das taxas de mortalidade por CCR no estado do Mato Grosso, no período de 2000 a 2019, em determinadas faixas etárias de ambos os sexos, mas sobretudo para os homens. O conhecimento sobre a evolução da mortalidade pode oferecer dados da situação epidemiológica do câncer em nível local e, assim, contribuir para a elaboração de ações de controle e prevenção desse agravo.

Cancer surveillance in Mato Grosso, Brazil: methodological and operational aspects of a university extension/research project / Vigilância do câncer em Mato Grosso, Brasil: aspectos metodológicos e operacionais de um projeto de extensão/pesquisa

ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe the methodological and operational aspects of the "Project for surveillance of cancer and its associated factors: population-based and hospital-based registry" (VIGICAN), in the state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. Methods: VIGICAN was divided into two projects: a university extension one, which updated the data from the Population-based Cancer Registry (PBCR) of MT in the 2008-2016 period; and a research project, which collected primary data, through individual interviews and analysis of medical records of people with a diagnosis of cancer, aged 18 years or older, treated at reference hospitals for oncology. To analyze the factors associated with cancer, the following variables were collected: socioeconomic and demographic, social support, health status and behavior, and environmental exposure. Results: In the 2008-2016 period, approximately one hundred thousand cases of cancer (incident and prevalent) were reported in the PBCR Cuiabá and PBCR Interior. After validation procedures, 50 thousand incident cases were elected. The survey interviewed 1,012 patients, 38.2% living in the municipalities of Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, 60.4% in small cities of the state, and 1.4% in other states. Preliminary data showed that the majority were women (55.0%) and younger than 60 years of age (54.3%). Among the interviewees, 7.2% reported smoking tobacco, 15.5% consumed alcoholic beverages (15.5%), and 32.7% lived nearby crops. Conclusion: The development of these projects allowed the integration of education with health services and will enable the recognition of specificities and different exposure scenarios and factors associated with cancer in the Mato Grosso territory.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos metodológicos e operacionais do projeto "Vigilância do câncer e seus fatores associados: registro de base populacional e hospitalar" (VIGICAN), em Mato Grosso (MT). Métodos: O VIGICAN desdobrou-se em dois projetos: um de extensão, que atualizou os dados dos Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) de Mato Grosso no período de 2008 a 2016; e um de pesquisa, que coletou dados primários por meio de entrevistas individuais e análise de prontuários de pessoas com diagnóstico de câncer, com 18 anos ou mais, atendidas em hospitais de referência para oncologia. Para analisar os fatores associados ao câncer, foram coletadas as seguintes variáveis: socioeconômicas e demográficas, suporte social, situação e comportamentos de saúde e exposição ambiental. Resultados: No período de 2008 a 2016, foram notificados nos RCBP Cuiabá e Interior, aproximadamente, 100 mil casos de câncer (incidentes e prevalentes). Após os procedimentos de validação, foram eleitos 50 mil casos incidentes. A pesquisa entrevistou 1.012 pacientes, sendo 38,2% residentes nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, 60,4% no interior do Estado e 1,4% em outros Estados. Os dados preliminares revelaram que a maioria era do sexo feminino (55,0%) e tinha menos de 60 anos (54,3%). Entre os entrevistados, 7,2% relataram fumar tabaco, 15,5% consumiam bebidas alcoólicas (15,5%) e 32,7% moravam próximo a lavouras. Conclusão: O desenvolvimento desses projetos permitiu a integração do ensino com os serviços de saúde e possibilitará o reconhecimento das especificidades e dos diferentes cenários de exposição ao câncer, bem como fatores associados a ele, no território mato-grossense.

Socioeconomic development and colorectal cancer mortality in a state of the Brazilian Legal Amazon from 2005 to 2016 / Desenvolvimento socioeconômico e mortalidade por câncer colorretal em uma unidade federativa da Amazônia Legal, de 2005 a 2016

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the correlation between colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality rates and socioeconomic factors in the five mesoregions (North, Northeast, Southeast, Southwest and Center-South) of the state of Mato Grosso, from 2005 to 2016. Methods: Ecological study that considered deaths from CRC (C18 to C21) of residents of the state. Mortality rates were standardized by the direct method, using the world standard population. For the analysis of socioeconomic factors, the Firjan Municipal Development Index (IFDM) and its components (education, income and employment and health) were used. Means of mortality rates and socioeconomic factors between the mesoregions were tested using ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between mortality rates due to CRC and these factors. Results: In the period from 2005 to 2016, 1,492 deaths from CRC were registered in the state of Mato Grosso. The Southwest mesoregion had the highest average for both the crude rate and standardized CRC mortality rates (3.47 and 3.86 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, respectively). There was a significant correlation between mortality rates from the disease with the following indicators: Overall IFDM for the North, Southeast and Center-South mesoregions; education for the North and Southeast mesoregions; income and employment for the North and Center-South mesoregions; and health for the North, Southeast and Center-South mesoregions. Conclusion: There was a correlation between CRC mortality rates and better socioeconomic development in the state.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a correlação entre as taxas de mortalidade por câncer colorretal (CCR) e os fatores socioeconômicos nas cinco mesorregiões (norte, nordeste, sudeste, sudoeste e centro-sul) do estado de Mato Grosso, de 2005 a 2016. Métodos: Estudo ecológico que considerou os óbitos por CCR (C18 a C21) de residentes do estado. As taxas de mortalidade foram padronizadas pelo método direto, utilizando-se a população padrão mundial. Para a análise dos fatores socioeconômicos, foram usados o Índice Firjan de Desenvolvimento Municipal Geral (IFDM) e seus componentes (educação; renda e emprego; saúde). Foram testadas as médias das taxas de mortalidade e dos fatores socioeconômicos entre as mesorregiões por meio da análise de variância (ANOVA), e empregou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson para análise da correlação entre as taxas de mortalidade por CCR e esses fatores. Resultados: No período de 2005 a 2016, foram registrados 1.492 óbitos por CCR no estado de Mato Grosso. A mesorregião com a maior média tanto da taxa bruta quanto da taxa padronizada de mortalidade por CCR foi a sudoeste (3,47 e 3,86 óbitos/100 mil habitantes). Houve correlação significante entre as taxas de mortalidade por CCR com os seguintes indicadores: IFDM geral para as mesorregiões norte, sudeste e centro-sul; educação para as mesorregiões norte e sudeste; renda e emprego para as mesorregiões norte e centro-sul; e saúde para as mesorregiões norte, sudeste e centro-sul. Conclusão: Houve correlação da taxa de mortalidade de CCR com melhor desenvolvimento socioeconômico no estado.

Spatial and temporal distribution of cancer mortality in a Brazilian Legal Amazon State between 2000 and 2015.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial distribution of the four-year cancer mortality rates in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. METHODOLOGY: Ecological design study, in which mortality from neoplasia was analyzed, from 2000 to 2015, for the municipalities of Mato Grosso State. Mortality rates due to cancer were calculated by the ratio of the sum of deaths by cancer in each quadrennium, divided by the average of the population in the two central years of the period, multiplied by 10,000 inhabitants. Annual percentage change was calculated by the ratio of the linear regression coefficient to the cancer mortality rates in Mato Grosso State at the beginning of the analyzed period (2000 to 2003). Thematic maps were constructed for each quadrennium using intervals of equal classes. RESULTS: Cancer caused 31,097 deaths in the state of Mato Grosso in the period, 13,058 in women and 18,039 in men, with a male to female ratio of 1.38. The top five causes of cancer death in the period were lung (12.2%), prostate (8.7%), stomach (7.7%), breast (6.0%), and liver (4.7%). There was an increase in the number of municipalities with rates greater than 23.67 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the period. CONCLUSION: There was an increase in cancer mortality and an increase in the proportion of municipalities with higher mortality rates. Higher density of cancer mortality occurred in the municipalities located in the West, Center-South, Southeast, and Center-North regions of the state.

Poor sanitation and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil.

Coronavirus is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. From cases first recorded in China at the end of 2019, a new type of virus in this family, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered. The disease caused by this virus, COVID-19, was brought into Brazil by people in social classes with greater purchasing power, but groups with larger demographic dimensions have tended to become more affected over time. Poor sanitation can generate risky situations and behavior among people who live in spaces with characteristics that limit their quality of life. Installation of piped water in homes and basic education for the population are fundamental measures for disease control, including in relation to COVID-19. In this updating article, the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed in the context of iniquities in Brazil (comparing these with the situation in other countries). A bibliographic search of texts relating to basic sanitation, socioeconomic development and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide was conducted.

Poor sanitation and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil

ABSTRACT Coronavirus is a family of viruses that cause respiratory infections. From cases first recorded in China at the end of 2019, a new type of virus in this family, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was discovered. The disease caused by this virus, COVID-19, was brought into Brazil by people in social classes with greater purchasing power, but groups with larger demographic dimensions have tended to become more affected over time. Poor sanitation can generate risky situations and behavior among people who live in spaces with characteristics that limit their quality of life. Installation of piped water in homes and basic education for the population are fundamental measures for disease control, including in relation to COVID-19. In this updating article, the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed in the context of iniquities in Brazil (comparing these with the situation in other countries). A bibliographic search of texts relating to basic sanitation, socioeconomic development and transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil and worldwide was conducted.

Associação entre atividade física de lazer e conhecimento e participação em programas públicos de atividade física entre idosos brasileiros / Association between leisure-time physical activity and knowledge and participation in public physical activity programs among Brazilian older people

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a prevalência da atividade física de lazer entre idosos brasileiros e sua associação com conhecimento e participação em programas públicos de promoção dessa prática. Método Estudo transversal com dados de 11.177 pessoas idosas entrevistadas na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013. A variável resposta foi a prática de atividade física de lazer. As variáveis explicativas foram conhecimento e participação em programas públicos de promoção de atividade física, características sociodemográficas e de estilo de vida. A associação bruta e ajustada foi estimada pela regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados A maioria das pessoas idosas era do sexo feminino e tinha entre 60 e 69 anos; 17% conheciam, mas não participavam dos programas públicos de promoção de atividade física e somente 3,2% conheciam e participavam. A prevalência de ativos no lazer foi de 13,3%, e na análise ajustada, foi maior entre as pessoas idosas que conheciam, mas não participavam e conheciam e participavam de programas públicos de promoção a atividade física, nos homens, na faixa etária de 60 a 69 anos, com 12 anos ou mais de escolaridade; das regiões Nordeste e Centro-Oeste, com 2 doenças crônicas, que realizaram três ou mais consultas médicas nos 12 últimos meses e consumiam frutas e hortaliças cinco ou mais dias por semana. Conclusão O estudo mostrou uma baixa adesão das pessoas idosas à prática de atividade física, e pouco conhecimento e participação em programas públicos. Esforços são necessários para ampliar a divulgação desses programas, promover o envolvimento da população nessas práticas e contribuir para o envelhecimento ativo.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the prevalence of leisure-time physical activity among elderly Brazilians and its association with knowledge and participation in public programs to promote this practice. Method Cross-sectional study with data from 11,177 older adults from the 2013 National Health Survey. The response variable was the practice of leisure-time physical activity. The explanatory variables were knowledge and participation in public programs to promote physical activity, sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics. The crude and adjusted association was estimated by Poisson regression with robust variance Results Most of the elderly were female and were between 60 and 69 years old; 17% knew but did not participate in public programs to promote physical activity, and only 3.2% knew and participated. The prevalence of active leisure time was 13.3%. In the adjusted analysis, it was higher among older adults who knew but did not participate and kew and participated in public programs to promote physical activity, in men, aged 60 to 79 years old, with five years old or more education; from the Northeast and Midwest regions, with chronic diseases, who had three or more medical appointments in the last 12 months and consumed fruits and vegetables five or more days a week. Conclusion The study showed a low adherence of the elderly to the practice of physical activity, and little knowledge and participation in public programs. Efforts are needed to expand the dissemination of these programs, promote the involvement of the population in these practices, and contribute to active aging.

Spatial and temporal distribution of cancer mortality in a Brazilian Legal Amazon State between 2000 and 2015 / Distribuição espacial e temporal da mortalidade por câncer em um estado da Amazônia Legal Brasileira entre 2000 e 2015

ABSTRACT: Objective: To analyze the spatial distribution of the four-year cancer mortality rates in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, from 2000 to 2015. Methodology: Ecological design study, in which mortality from neoplasia was analyzed, from 2000 to 2015, for the municipalities of Mato Grosso State. Mortality rates due to cancer were calculated by the ratio of the sum of deaths by cancer in each quadrennium, divided by the average of the population in the two central years of the period, multiplied by 10,000 inhabitants. Annual percentage change was calculated by the ratio of the linear regression coefficient to the cancer mortality rates in Mato Grosso State at the beginning of the analyzed period (2000 to 2003). Thematic maps were constructed for each quadrennium using intervals of equal classes. Results: Cancer caused 31,097 deaths in the state of Mato Grosso in the period, 13,058 in women and 18,039 in men, with a male to female ratio of 1.38. The top five causes of cancer death in the period were lung (12.2%), prostate (8.7%), stomach (7.7%), breast (6.0%), and liver (4.7%). There was an increase in the number of municipalities with rates greater than 23.67 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants in the period. Conclusion: There was an increase in cancer mortality and an increase in the proportion of municipalities with higher mortality rates. Higher density of cancer mortality occurred in the municipalities located in the West, Center-South, Southeast, and Center-North regions of the state.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar a distribuição espacial das taxas quadrimestrais de mortalidade por câncer no estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, no período de 2000 a 2015. Métodos: Estudo de desenho ecológico, no qual foi analisada a mortalidade por neoplasia, de 2000 a 2015, para os municípios do estado de Mato Grosso. As taxas de mortalidade por câncer foram calculadas pela razão da soma das mortes por câncer em cada quadrênio, dividida pela média da população nos dois anos centrais do período, multiplicada por 10.000 habitantes. Uma variação percentual anual foi calculada pela razão do coeficiente de regressão linear para as taxas de mortalidade por câncer no estado de Mato Grosso no início do período analisado (2000 a 2003). Mapas temáticos foram construídos para cada quadriênio usando intervalos de classes iguais. Resultados: O câncer causou 31.097 óbitos no estado de Mato Grosso no período, 13.058 em mulheres e 18.039 em homens, com uma proporção de homens e mulheres de 1,38. As cinco principais causas de morte por câncer no período foram pulmão (12,2%), próstata (8,7%), estômago (7,7%), mama (6,0%) e fígado (4,7%). Houve um aumento no número de municípios com taxas superiores a 23,67 óbitos por 100.000 habitantes no período. Conclusão: Houve aumento da mortalidade por câncer e aumento na proporção de municípios com maiores taxas de mortalidade. Maiores densidades de mortalidade por câncer ocorreram nos municípios localizados nas regiões Oeste, Centro-Sul, Sudeste e Centro-Norte do estado.

Effects of socioeconomic position and social mobility on linear growth from early childhood until adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and social mobility on linear growth through adolescence in a population-based cohort. METHODS: Children born in Cuiabá-MT, central-western Brazil, were evaluated during 1994 - 1999. They were first assessed during 1999 - 2000 (0 - 5 years) and again during 2009 - 2011 (10 - 17 years), and their height-for-age was evaluated during these two periods.Awealth index was used to classify the SEP of each child's family as low, medium, or high. Social mobility was categorized as upward mobility or no upward mobility. Linear mixed models were used. RESULTS: We evaluated 1,716 children (71.4% of baseline) after 10 years, and 60.6% of the families showed upward mobility, with a higher percentage among the lowest economic classes. A higher height-for-age was also observed among those from families with a high SEP both in childhood (low SEP= -0.35 z-score; high SEP= 0.15 z-score, p < 0.01) and adolescence (low SEP= -0.01 z-score; high SEP= 0.45 z-score, p < 0.01), whereas upward mobility did not affect their linear growth. CONCLUSION: Expressive social mobility was observed, but SEP in childhood and social mobility did not greatly influence linear growth through childhood in this central-western Brazilian cohort.

Effects of socioeconomic position and social mobility on linear growth from early childhood until adolescence / Efeitos da classe econômica e mobilidade social no crescimento linear desde a infância até a adolescência

ABSTRACT: Objective: To assess the effect of socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and social mobility on linear growth through adolescence in a population-based cohort. Methods: Children born in Cuiabá-MT, central-western Brazil, were evaluated during 1994 - 1999. They were first assessed during 1999 - 2000 (0 - 5 years) and again during 2009 - 2011 (10 - 17 years), and their height-for-age was evaluated during these two periods.Awealth index was used to classify the SEP of each child's family as low, medium, or high. Social mobility was categorized as upward mobility or no upward mobility. Linear mixed models were used. Results: We evaluated 1,716 children (71.4% of baseline) after 10 years, and 60.6% of the families showed upward mobility, with a higher percentage among the lowest economic classes. A higher height-for-age was also observed among those from families with a high SEP both in childhood (low SEP= -0.35 z-score; high SEP= 0.15 z-score, p < 0.01) and adolescence (low SEP= -0.01 z-score; high SEP= 0.45 z-score, p < 0.01), whereas upward mobility did not affect their linear growth. Conclusion: Expressive social mobility was observed, but SEP in childhood and social mobility did not greatly influence linear growth through childhood in this central-western Brazilian cohort.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da classe econômica na infância e mobilidade social no crescimento linear ao longo da adolescência em uma coorte de base populacional. Métodos: Crianças nascidas entre 1994 - 1999 em Cuiabá-MT, no centro-oeste do Brasil foram avaliadas pela primeira vez durante 1999 - 2000 (0 - 5 anos) e novamente durante 2009 - 2011 (10 - 17 anos), sendo a estatura-para-idade avaliada nestes dois períodos. O Critério Brasil foi usado para classificar a classe econômica da família de cada criança como baixo, médio ou alto. A mobilidade social foi categorizada como mobilidade ascendente ou nenhuma mobilidade ascendente (manutenção e mobilidade descendente). Foram utilizados modelos lineares de efeitos mistos. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 1.716 crianças (71,4% da linha de base) após 10 anos de seguimento, e 60,6% das famílias mostraram mobilidade ascendente, com uma percentagem mais elevada entre as classes econômicas mais baixas. Também foi observada uma maior altura-para-idade entre aqueles de famílias com elevada classe econômica, tanto na infância (baixa classe econômica= -0,35 z-score; elevada classe econômica = 0,15 z-score, p < 0,01) e adolescência (baixa classe econômica= -0,01 z-score; elevada classe econômica= 0,45 z-score, p < 0,01), ao passo que a mobilidade ascendente não afetou o crescimento linear. Conclusão: Foi observada expressiva mobilidade social, mas a classe econômica na infância e a mobilidade social não apresentaram influência significativa na taxa de crescimento linear durante a infância nesta coorte do Centro-Oeste brasileiro.

Beverages characterize the nutritional profile of Brazilian adolescents' breakfast

BACKGROUND: The breakfast is the most important meal of the day, and its quality is essential for children and adolescents to maintain proper health condition. However, the nutritional composition of breakfast remains poorly studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the nutritional quality of Brazilian adolescents' breakfast. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2005, including 1133 students from public schools, between10 and 14 years old, in Niterói, Brazil. Information regarding breakfast consumption was obtained using 24-h dietary recall. Cluster analysis was applied to characterize the breakfast nutritional profiles. RESULTS: Of the sample, 16 % did not have breakfast on the survey day, and skipping breakfast was more frequent among overweight than among of normal-weight individuals (20 vs. 15 %;P= 0.04) as well as among those studying in the morning shift compared to adolescents studying in the afternoon shift (18 vs. 10 %;P< 0.01). The mean daily energy, macronutrient, calcium, and vitamin A intakes were significantly higher among individuals who had breakfast compared with those who did not. The breakfast contribution to the daily energy intake was, on average, of 18 %. The food profile analysis showed that breakfast could be characterized by the type of beverage consumed in the meal, and five eating profiles were identified:" Coffee or tea," "Milk or milk-based beverages," "Sugar-sweetened beverages," "No beverage consumption," and " More than one type of beverage". CONCLUSIONS: The dietary breakfast choices were related with the daily energy and nutrient intake and the type of beverage characterized the breakfast food selection among Brazilian adolescents.

Dietary quality varies according to data collection instrument: a comparison between a food frequency questionnaire and 24-hour recall / A qualidade da dieta varia de acordo com o instrumento de obtenção de dados: comparação entre questionário de frequência alimentar e recordatório de 24 horas / La calidad de la dieta varía de acuerdo a lo instrumento de obtención de datos: comparación de cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y recordatorio de 24 horas

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the agreement between the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index – Revised (BHEI-R), estimated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and multiple 24-hour recalls (24h-R). The Wilcoxon paired test, partial correlations (PC), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman method were used. The total BHEI-R scores and its components (“total fruits”, “whole fruits”, “total vegetables”, “integral cereals”, “saturated fat”, “sodium”, and “energy intake derived from solid fat, added sugar, and alcoholic beverages”) were statistically different, with the ICC and PC indicating poor concordance and correlation. The mean concordance estimated for the total BHEI-R and its components varied from 68% for “integral cereals” to 147% for “whole fruits”. The suitable concordance limits were violated for most of the components of the BHEI-R. Poor concordance was observed between the BHEI-R estimated by the FFQ and by multiple 24h-R, which indicated a strong reliability of the BHEI-R on the instrument used to collect information on food consumption.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a concordância entre o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta Revisado (IQD-R), estimado por questionário de frequência alimentar (QFA) e recordatório de 24 horas (R24h). O teste de Wilcoxon, correlações parciais (CP), coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (CCI) e o método Bland-Altman foram usados. Os escores totais do IQD-R e seus componentes (“frutas totais”, “frutas inteiras”, “vegetais totais”, “cerais integrais”, “gordura saturada”, “sódio” e “ingestão de energia derivada de gordura sólida, adicionados de açúcar e bebidas alcoólicas” foram estatisticamente diferentes, com o CCI e as CP indicando baixa concordância e correlação. A concordância média estimada para o IQD-R total e seus componentes variou de 68% para “cereais integrais” e 147% para as “frutas inteiras”. Os limites adequados de concordância foram ultrapassados para a maior parte dos componentes do IQD-R. Observou-se baixa concordância entre o IQD-R estimado pelo QFA e por múltiplos R24h, o que indica uma forte confiabilidade do IQD-R no instrumento usado para coletar informações sobre o consumo alimentar.

Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la correlación entre el Índice de Calidad de la Dieta Revisado (ICD-R), estimado por cuestionario de frecuencia de alimentos (CFA) y recordatorio de 24 horas (R24h). Se utilizó la prueba de Wilcoxon, correlaciones parciales (CP), coeficiente de correlación intraclase (CCI) y el método de Bland-Altman. Las puntuaciones totales del ICD-R y sus componentes (“total de frutas”, “frutas enteras”, “vegetales totales”, “granos integrales”, “grasa saturada”, “sodio” y “consumo de energía derivada de grasa sólida, agregado de azúcar y alcohol”) fueron estadísticamente diferentes, con el CCI y el CP indicando baja concordancia y correlación. La concordancia media estimada para el ICD-R total y sus componentes varió de 68% para los “granos integrales” y 147% para las “frutas enteras”. Los límites adecuados de concordancia fureon excedidos para la mayor parte de los componentes del ICD-R. Se observó baja concordancia entre el ICD-R estimado por el CFA y múltiples R24h, lo que indica una fuerte confiabilidad del ICD-R en el instrumento que se utiliza para recopilar información sobre el consumo de alimentos.

Effectiveness of a home-based exercise program on anthropometric and metabolic changes among school cooks / Efetividade de um programa de exercícios físicos domiciliares sobre as modificações antropométricas e metabólicas em merendeiras

Abstract The scope of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric and metabolic changes after low intensity home-based exercise. In the school year of 2007, 95 school cooks in the city of Niteroi (State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: home-based exercise (n = 47) or control group (n = 48). The home-based exercise program was performed three times a week, during 40 minutes at moderate intensity. Anthropometric variables were collected at the baseline and after 4 and 8 months, whereas biochemical and individual food intake were measured at the baseline and after 8 months. Energy expenditure was evaluated only at the baseline. The home-based exercise group exhibited a greater weight loss (-0.9 vs. -0.2; p = 0.05) in comparison with controls during the follow-up and the same pattern was found for BMI (-0.1 vs. +0.1; p = 0.07), although without statistical significance. Exercise showed no effects on waist circumference, lipid profile and glucose. In conclusion, greater weight loss was observed in the group that performed low intensity home-based exercise and this strategy can assist in body weight control even without alterations in terms of lipids and glucose.

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações metabólicas e antropométricas após a realização de programa de exercício físico domiciliar de baixo volume. No ano escolar de 2007, 95 merendeiras escolares do município de Niterói (Rio de Janeiro/Brasil) foram alocadas aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos: exercício físico domiciliar (n = 47) e controle (n = 48). O programa de exercício físico domiciliar consistiu na realização exercícios de moderada intensidade, três vezes na semana, 40 minutos. Variáveis antropométricas foram coletadas na linha de base, aos 4 e 8 meses, sendo as variáveis bioquímicas e o consumo de alimentos obtidos na linha de base e aos 8 meses. O grupo de exercícios demonstrou uma maior redução do peso corporal (-0,9 vs. -0,2; p = 0,05), tendo o mesmo padrão sido observado para o IMC (-0,1 vs. + 0,1; p = 0,07), embora sem significância estatística. Não foram observados efeitos do exercício para a circunferência de cintura, perfil lipídico e glicose. Concluindo, uma maior perda de peso foi observada no grupo que realizou o programa de exercícios domiciliares de baixo volume podendo essa estratégia auxiliar no controle do peso corporal, mesmo sem alterações para lipídeos e glicose.