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1.
Ther Adv Infect Dis ; 11: 20499361241228341, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38380160

RESUMEN

Background: Little is known about the preferences for antiretroviral therapy (ART) administration methods, such as oral daily pills or long-acting injectable (LAI) options, as well as preferences for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) administration methods among people without HIV in Latin America. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the preferences for ART administration methods among people with HIV and PrEP methods among those without HIV, as well as to examine the correlations and reasons for these preferences. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire between April and July 2021, using social media accounts of a HIV non-governmental organization. The questionnaire was open to all adults living in Argentina, irrespective of their sexual orientation or gender identity. Methods: The questionnaire included questions on substance use, depression, chronic treatment, previous experiences with injectable medication, and HIV status. Those with HIV answered questions about ART adherence and their preferences for ART methods, while those without HIV were asked about condom use, awareness of PrEP, and their preferences for PrEP methods. Results: Out of 1676 respondents, 804 had HIV, and 872 did not. Among those with HIV, 91.5% expressed a high preference for LAI-ART, with significantly higher preferences among participants with higher educational levels, cisgender gay, bisexual, and queer men, younger individuals, and those with prior injectable medication experience. Among those without HIV, 68% preferred LAI-PrEP, and this preference was positively associated with previous positive experiences with injectable medication. Conclusion: The strong preference for LAI-ART suggests the potential for improved adherence and well-being among people with HIV. Additionally, the preference for LAI-PrEP among those without HIV emphasizes the importance of considering this option for HIV prevention strategies. This study highlights the need to offer diverse methods for ART and prevention to accommodate different preferences and improve health care outcomes in Latin America.

2.
Curr Opin HIV AIDS ; 17(3): 145-161, 2022 05 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35439789

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Key populations are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Access, retention, and adherence are important barriers for the efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV treatment among these populations. Long-acting (LA) antiretrovirals hold the promise to solve some of these backdrops. The objective of the current review is to update the perceptions of key populations and PLWH about LA, based on their opinion, acceptability, and willingness to use it. RECENT FINDINGS: According to the review preferences for LA vary with the population studied. Regarding people living with HIV (PLWH), male having sex with men are interested in having different options, adolescents are interested in LA (strong preference for implants), yet also perceive substantial obstacles to using biomedical prevention; transgender women aimed to nonvisible small implants, with long-lasting effects or LA injections that can be applied in other areas than buttocks, and women who experienced history of medical injections might increase preference for LA (except for history of people who inject drugs [IDU]). Female sex workers and IDU both showed interest in LA-PrEP. Regarding antiretroviral therapy, LA increased treatment satisfaction and acceptance, mainly among those receiving injections every 2 months. LA helped overcome pill fatigue, stigma, and adherence issues. SUMMARY: Knowing preferences for biomedical interventions will contribute to better understanding and developing effective strategies for these populations.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH , Infecciones por VIH , Profilaxis Pre-Exposición , Trabajadores Sexuales , Adolescente , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino
3.
Actual. SIDA. infectol ; 21(80): 37-41, jul. 2013.
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-781696

RESUMEN

Introducción: la histoplasmosis constituye la segunda micosis sistémica en orden de frecuencia en Argentina, después de criptococosis, en pacientes HIV positivos. En éstos, la forma clínica diseminada progresiva es marcadora de sida. La coinfección HIV-Histoplasmosis diseminada (HD) en nuestro país ha sido reportada entre 5,3 y 6 %. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en un hospital de agudos de CABA, que incluyó pacientes HIV positivos con HD, en el período 2000-2011. Resultados: n:80. Edad, media (desvío estándar, DE): 37 años (8,1). Varones: 81,2%. CD4, mediana (rango intercuartil, RIC): 19,5 cél/µL (7-54). HD como primera marcadora de sida: 70%; serología HIV previa desconocida: 38,7 %. El 11,8% recibía terapia antirretroviral (TARV) al diagnóstico de HD. Otra infección oportunista concomitante al diagnóstico: 29,4%. Clínica 84,7% fiebre, 75% síndrome de impregnación, 72,2% síntomas respiratorios, 56,9% lesiones cutáneo-mucosas, 30,5% hepatosplenomegalia. Laboratorio: 76,2% anemia, 60,3% leucopenia, 42,1% plaquetopenia. Aislamientos: hemocultivos: 81,8%; muestras positivas: piel y mucosas: 39 pacientes, respiratorias: 16 pacientes, médula ósea: 6 pacientes. Radiografía de tórax patológica: 77,6%. Tratamiento: anfotericina B: 58,5%; itraconazol: 91%. Recaída: 21,2%. Mortalidad global: 20,2%, atribuible a HD: 5,9%. Conclusión: HD fue la primera marcadora en el 70% de los pacientes, alrededor de un 40% desconocían su serología y sólo 1 de cada 10 recibía TARV, lo que refleja un retraso en el diagnóstico de HIV en nuestra población. Las principales manifestaciones clínicas semejan otras infecciones oportunistas siendo importante la sospecha diagnóstica para el tratamiento temprano.


Introduction: Histoplasmosis is the second most frequente fungal infection in Argentina, after cryptococcosis in HIV positive patients. In these patients the disseminated clinical presentation is an AIDS-defining condition. Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) and HIV coinfection has been reported between 5.3 and 6 % in Argentina. Methods: Retrospective, descriptive study, performed in an acute care hospital of Buenos Aires city, including HIV positive patients with DH, between 2000-2011. Results: n: 80. Mean age (standard deviation, SD): 37 years (8.1). Male: 81.2%. Median CD4 (interquartile range, IQR): 19.5 cells/uL (7-54). DH as the first AIDS defining condition: 70%; unknown prior HIV test: 38.7%. ONly 11.8% were receiving antiretroviral treatment at the time of diagnosis of DH. Other concomitant oportunistic infections: 29.4 %. Clinical manifestations: fever 84.7%, constitutinal symptoms 75%, respiratory symptoms 72.2 %, mucocutaneous lesions 56.9%, liver and/or spleen enlargement 30.5%. Laboratory abnormalities: anemia 76.2 %, leucopenia 60.3%, thrombocytopenia 42.1% Microbiological isolates: blood culture 81.8%; others positive samples: 39 of skin and mucosa, 16 of respiratory specimens, 6 of bone marrow. X-ray chest abnormalities: 77.6%. Treatment: amphotericin B: 58.5%; itraconazole: 91%. Relapse: 21.2%. Global mortality: 20.2%, DH atributable mortality: 5.9%. Conclusion: DH was the first AIDS defining condition in 70% of our patients, about 40% were unaware of their serostatus and only one in ten received antiretroviral treatment, reflecting a delay in diagnosis of HIV in our population. The main clinical manifestations resemble other oportunistic infections, so diagnostic of DH should be for considered in order to provide timely treatment.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Factores Epidemiológicos , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Histoplasmosis/diagnóstico , Infecciones Oportunistas/epidemiología , Itraconazol/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología
4.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 72(4): 283-6, 2012.
Artículo en Español | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22892078

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: An increased prevalence of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) has been recently reported. Epidemiological data in Argentina is limited. Our objectives were to evaluate etiological agents, clinical presentation, risk factors and evolution of SSTI in ambulatory patients, in a descriptive and prospective study that was performed at the Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Fernández, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 10/01/2009 to 01/31/2011. A total of 130 samples were analyzed from 130 patients. Median age: 36 years old (IQR 25.9-43.5); 61.5% were men. HIV infection: 46.9%. Positive cultures were obtained from 100 samples (76.9%): S. aureus 83, Streptococcus spp. 8, and other microorganisms 9. Sixty two (74.7%) of S. aureus isolates were oxacilin resistant, 12 (14.4%) clindamycin resistant, 14 (16.7%) erythromycin resistant and 5 (6%) ciprofloxacin resistant. Some samples presented more than one resistance. All were susceptible to rifampicin and minocycline and 98.8% (82) to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Of the MRSA patients, 83.8% (52) had at least one risk factor. No significant differences were found in relation to patients with bacterial infections different from MRSA. The most frequent clinical presentation of MRSA-SSTI was furuncle; 56.5% (35/62) vs. 28.9% (11/38) in other SSTI isolations (p = 0.013). Oxacilin resistance was similar among HIV positive and negative patients (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179) (34/43 vs. 28/40). IN CONCLUSION: a high prevalence of MRSA was found in this population, irrespective of HIV serology or the presence of risk factors. Empirical treatment options for this microorganism are minocycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.


Asunto(s)
Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Adulto , Atención Ambulatoria , Argentina , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
5.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(4): 283-286, ago. 2012. tab
Artículo en Español | BINACIS | ID: bin-129321

RESUMEN

Recientemente se ha observado un aumento en la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR) en pacientes ambulatorios con infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPyPB). Los datos epidemiológicos locales disponibles son limitados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de consultantes con IPyPB en la División Infectología del Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, en el período 01/10/2009 a 31/01/2011. Fueron 130; edad mediana 36 años (RIC 25.9-43.5); hombres 61.5%. El 46.9% era HIV+. Cien cultivos (76.9%), de 100 pacientes, resultaron positivos: 83 S. aureus, 8 Streptococcus spp. y 9 con otros microorganismos. De los S. aureus aislados, 62 (74.7%) fueron resistentes a oxacilina, 12 (14.4%) a clindamicina, 14 (16.9%) a eritromicina, 5 (6%) a ciprofloxacina, presentando en algunos casos más de una resistencia. Todos fueron sensibles a rifampicina y minociclina, y 98.8% (82) a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. El 83.8% (52) de los pacientes con SAMR tenían algún factor de riesgo (FR), sin diferencias con los pacientes con otros aislamientos. La presentación clínica más frecuente de IPyPB / SAMR fue forunculosis: 56.4 (35/62) vs. 28.9% (11/38) en infecciones por otros microorganismos (p = 0.013). La resistencia a oxacilina fue similar entre pacientes HIV+ y negativos (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179) (34/43 vs. 28/40). Concluimos que en la población estudiada se encontró una alta prevalencia de SAMR, independientemente de la serología para HIV o la presencia de FR. Las opciones de tratamiento empírico para este microorganismo son minociclina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol.(AU)


An increased prevalence of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) has been recently reported. Epidemiological data in Argentina is limited. Our objectives were to evaluate etiological agents, clinical presentation, risk factors and evolution of SSTI in ambulatory patients, in a descriptive and prospective study that was performed at the Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Fernández, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 10/01/2009 to 01/31/2011. A total of 130 samples were analyzed from 130 patients. Median age: 36 years old (IQR 25.9-43.5); 61.5% were men. HIV infection: 46.9%. Positive cultures were obtained from 100 samples (76.9%): S. aureus 83, Streptococcus spp. 8, and other microorganisms 9. Sixty two (74.7%) of S. aureus isolates were oxacilin resistant, 12 (14.4%) clindamycin resistant, 14 (16.7%) erythromycin resistant and 5 (6%) ciprofloxacin resistant. Some samples presented more than one resistance. All were susceptible to rifampicin and minocycline and 98.8% (82) to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. Of the MRSA patients, 83.8% (52) had at least one risk factor. No significant differences were found in relation to patients with bacterial infections different from MRSA. The most frequent clinical presentation of MRSA-SSTI was furuncle; 56.5% (35/62) vs. 28.9% (11/38) in other SSTI isolations (p = 0.013). Oxacilin resistance was similar among HIV positive and negative patients (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179) (34/43 vs. 28/40). In conclusion: a high prevalence of MRSA was found in this population, irrespective of HIV serology or the presence of risk factors. Empirical treatment options for this microorganism are minocycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.(AU)


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Atención Ambulatoria , Argentina , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 72(4): 283-286, ago. 2012. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-657517

RESUMEN

Recientemente se ha observado un aumento en la prevalencia de Staphylococcus aureus resistente a la meticilina (SAMR) en pacientes ambulatorios con infecciones de piel y partes blandas (IPyPB). Los datos epidemiológicos locales disponibles son limitados. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de consultantes con IPyPB en la División Infectología del Hospital General de Agudos Juan A. Fernández, en el período 01/10/2009 a 31/01/2011. Fueron 130; edad mediana 36 años (RIC 25.9-43.5); hombres 61.5%. El 46.9% era HIV+. Cien cultivos (76.9%), de 100 pacientes, resultaron positivos: 83 S. aureus, 8 Streptococcus spp. y 9 con otros microorganismos. De los S. aureus aislados, 62 (74.7%) fueron resistentes a oxacilina, 12 (14.4%) a clindamicina, 14 (16.9%) a eritromicina, 5 (6%) a ciprofloxacina, presentando en algunos casos más de una resistencia. Todos fueron sensibles a rifampicina y minociclina, y 98.8% (82) a trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol. El 83.8% (52) de los pacientes con SAMR tenían algún factor de riesgo (FR), sin diferencias con los pacientes con otros aislamientos. La presentación clínica más frecuente de IPyPB / SAMR fue forunculosis: 56.4 (35/62) vs. 28.9% (11/38) en infecciones por otros microorganismos (p = 0.013). La resistencia a oxacilina fue similar entre pacientes HIV+ y negativos (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179) (34/43 vs. 28/40). Concluimos que en la población estudiada se encontró una alta prevalencia de SAMR, independientemente de la serología para HIV o la presencia de FR. Las opciones de tratamiento empírico para este microorganismo son minociclina y trimetoprima-sulfametoxazol.


An increased prevalence of community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) has been recently reported. Epidemiological data in Argentina is limited. Our objectives were to evaluate etiological agents, clinical presentation, risk factors and evolution of SSTI in ambulatory patients, in a descriptive and prospective study that was performed at the Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Fernández, City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 10/01/2009 to 01/31/2011. A total of 130 samples were analyzed from 130 patients. Median age: 36 years old (IQR 25.9-43.5); 61.5% were men. HIV infection: 46.9%. Positive cultures were obtained from 100 samples (76.9%): S. aureus 83, Streptococcus spp. 8, and other microorganisms 9. Sixty two (74.7%) of S. aureus isolates were oxacilin resistant, 12 (14.4%) clindamycin resistant, 14 (16.7%) erythromycin resistant and 5 (6%) ciprofloxacin resistant. Some samples presented more than one resistance. All were susceptible to rifampicin and minocycline and 98.8% (82) to trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole. Of the MRSA patients, 83.8% (52) had at least one risk factor. No significant differences were found in relation to patients with bacterial infections different from MRSA. The most frequent clinical presentation of MRSA-SSTI was furuncle; 56.5% (35/62) vs. 28.9% (11/38) in other SSTI isolations (p = 0.013). Oxacilin resistance was similar among HIV positive and negative patients (79.1 vs. 70%, p = 0.179) (34/43 vs. 28/40). In conclusion: a high prevalence of MRSA was found in this population, irrespective of HIV serology or the presence of risk factors. Empirical treatment options for this microorganism are minocycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones de los Tejidos Blandos/microbiología , Infecciones Cutáneas Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Atención Ambulatoria , Argentina , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo
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