RESUMEN
The identification of clinical candidate LY3522348 (compound 23) is described. LY3522348 is a highly selective, oral dual inhibitor of human ketohexokinase isoforms C and A (hKHK-C, hKHK-A). Optimization began with highly efficient (S)-2-(2-methylazetidin-1-yl)-6-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinonitrile (3). Efforts focused on developing absorption, distribution, metabolism, potency, and in vitro safety profiles to support oral QD dosing in patients. Structure-based design leveraged vectors for substitution of the pyrazole ring, which provided an opportunity to interact with several different proximal amino acid residues in the protein. LY3522348 displayed a robust pharmacodynamic response in a mouse model of fructose metabolism and was advanced into clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Fructoquinasas , Ratones , Animales , HumanosRESUMEN
Transmembrane AMPA receptor regulatory proteins (TARPs) are a family of scaffolding proteins that regulate AMPA receptor trafficking and function. TARP γ-8 is one member of this family and is highly expressed within the hippocampus relative to the cerebellum. A selective TARP γ-8-dependent AMPA receptor antagonist (TDAA) is an innovative approach to modulate AMPA receptors in specific brain regions to potentially increase the therapeutic index relative to known non-TARP-dependent AMPA antagonists. We describe here, for the first time, the discovery of a noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist that is dependent on the presence of TARP γ-8. Three major iteration cycles were employed to improve upon potency, CYP1A2-dependent challenges, and in vivo clearance. An optimized molecule, compound (-)-25 (LY3130481), was fully protective against pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions in rats without the motor impairment associated with non-TARP-dependent AMPA receptor antagonists. Compound (-)-25 could be utilized to provide proof of concept for antiepileptic efficacy with reduced motor side effects in patients.
Asunto(s)
Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Receptores AMPA/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Receptores AMPA/metabolismoRESUMEN
A series of 1-aryloxy-3-piperidinylpropan-2-ols possessing potent dual 5-HT1A receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition was discovered. 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols exhibited selective and high affinities at the 5-HT1A receptor and serotonin reuptake site in vitro. In vivo evaluation of this series of compounds demonstrated elevated extracellular serotonin levels from the basal and quick recovery of neuron firing that was presumably suppressed by the initial acute activation of 5-HT1A somatodendritic autoreceptors.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/farmacología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Propanoles/farmacología , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1 , Animales , Antidepresivos/administración & dosificación , Antidepresivos/química , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Conformación Molecular , Piperidinas/administración & dosificación , Piperidinas/química , Propanoles/administración & dosificación , Propanoles/química , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/química , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-arylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols possessing potent dual 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition was discovered. The fused aryl ring moiety contributed to the robust dual activities irrespective of the regiochemistry associated with its connectivity to the piperidine central ring.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/síntesis química , Propanoles/farmacología , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/síntesis química , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1 , Antidepresivos de Segunda Generación/farmacología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/síntesis química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos de 4 o más Anillos/farmacología , Propanoles/síntesis química , Unión Proteica , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of 1-aryloxy-3-piperidinylpropan-2-ols possessing potent dual 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition was discovered. Modification of potential metabolic sites of 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols further improved the in vitro binding affinities and functional antagonism.
Asunto(s)
Antidepresivos/síntesis química , Piperidinas/síntesis química , Propanoles/síntesis química , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/síntesis química , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1 , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/metabolismo , Indicadores y Reactivos , Conformación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Paroxetina/farmacología , Piperidinas/farmacología , Propanoles/farmacología , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Potent 5-HT1A/SSRIs at low nanomolar and subnanomolar concentrations were identified in a series of 1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols. Incorporation of an alpha-Me group in the piperidine ring with its specific stereochemistry enhanced binding affinity at the 5-HT reuptake site and in vitro 5-HT(1A) antagonist functional activity.
Asunto(s)
Piperidinas/síntesis química , Piperidinas/farmacología , Propanoles/síntesis química , Propanoles/farmacología , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT1A/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/síntesis química , Inhibidores Selectivos de la Recaptación de Serotonina/farmacología , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/síntesis química , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/farmacología , Guanosina 5'-O-(3-Tiotrifosfato)/metabolismo , Indicadores y Reactivos , Paroxetina/farmacología , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
A series of 1-aryloxy-3-piperidinylpropan-2-ols possessing potent dual 5-HT(1A) receptor antagonism and serotonin reuptake inhibition was discovered. 1-(1H-Indol-4-yloxy)-3-(4-benzo[b]thiophen-2-ylpiperidinyl)propan-2-ols exhibited selective and high affinity at the 5-HT(1A) receptor and serotonin reuptake inhibition at nanomolar concentrations for dual activities.