Estudio morfométrico comparativo de la corteza cerebelosa humana en dos grupos etarios / Comparative morphometric study of human cerebellar cortex in two age groups

Histológicamente la corteza del cerebelo humano adulto presenta tres capas constitutivas; la capa molecular, la hilera de los cuerpos de las células de Purkinje y la capa granulosa interna. La sustancia cortical del cerebelo de los embriones de mamífero, así como la de los jóvenes, muestran una capa granular externa. Nuestro objetivo es documentar las diferencias morfológicas entre las capas de la corteza cerebelosa adulta y joven. Se realizaron estudios morfométricos microscópicos en 20 cerebelos de autopsias. Los casos se dividieron en dos grupos, adultos y niños menores de 1 año. Se realizaron cortes en parafina, coloreados con hematoxilina y eosina. La corteza del cerebelo adulto presentó diferencias morfológicas con la de los recién nacidos. En el cerebelo adulto presenta tres capas constitutivas, mientras que en el recién nacido presenta una cuarta capa, la granulosa externa...

Histologically, the adult human cerebellar cortex has three constituent layers, the molecular layer, the row of bodies of Purkinje cells and internal granular layer. The cortex of the cerebellum of mammalian embryos, as well as youth, show external granular layer. Our goal is to document morphological differences between the layers of the cerebellar cortex adult and young. Microscopic morphometric studies were performed in 20 cerebellum autopsied. The cases were divided into two groups, adults and children under 1 year. Paraffin sections were performed, stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The cortex of adult cerebellum showed morphological differences of the newborn. In the adult cerebellum has three constituent layers, whereas in the newborn has a fourth layer, the external granular...

[Hight resoluton optical microscopy of the cellular cycle in psoriasis patients]. / Estudio con microscopia optica de alta resolucion (MOAR) del ciclo celular en pacientes con psoriasis.

Skin tissue from patients with Psoriasis was analyzed using HROM (High Resolution Optical Microscopy), studying epithelial differentiation and possible structural alterations of the queratinocytes. The samples were taken from 10 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of Psoriasis. This tissue samples where affixed with glutaraldehide buffer-collidine for 48 hours. Later processed with the HROM technique and colored with toluidine blue, metilene blue, basic Fuscine, and silver metenamine. The basal epithelial elements presented ovoid nucleus and most of them had prominent nucleolus. In 7 of the studied cases, the granulose stratus was absent, and thinner in the rest, with nucleus and nucleolus retention. At this level queratinocytes where observed with perinuclear anfofilia, as well as linfocitic and macrophagic infiltrate and union complex where elongated.

Estudio con microscopia optica de alta resolucion (MOAR) del ciclo celular en pacientes con psoriasis / Hight resoluton optical microscopy of the cellular cycle in psoriasis patients

La Psoriais se caracteriza por incremento del ciclo celular a nivel epidérmico, evidenciado a nivel histopatológico por un intensa hiperparaqueratosis, acantosis, papilomatosis e inflamación crónica. Materiales y métodos: Se estudió con microscopia óptica de alta resolución (MOAR), la epidermis de pacientes portadores de Psoriasis, analizando, la diferenciación epitelial y las posibelas alteraciones estructurales de los queratinocitos. Resultados: Los especímenes correspondieron a 10 pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de psoriasis. Las biopsias de piel fueron fijadas en solución de glutaraldehido buffer-collidina durante 48hs, procesados con la técnica para MOAR y coloreados con azul de toluidina, azul de metileno, fuscina básica y metenamina-plata. Los elementos epiteliales basales presentaban núcleos ovoideos, varios de ellos con nucleólos prominentes. En 7 de los casos estudiados el estrato granuloso estuvo ausente y en los 3 casos restantes observamos retención de núcleos y nucleólos. Conclusiones: Seobservaron queratinocitos con anfofilia e infiltrado linfocitario y de macrofagos.

Skin tissue from patients with Psoriasis was analyzed using HROM (High Resolution Optical Microscopy), studying epithelial differentiation and possible structural alterations of the queratinocytes. The samples were taken from 10 patients with histopathologic diagnosis of Psoriasis. This tissue samples where affixed with glutaraldehide buffer-collidine for 48 hours. Later processed with the HROM technique and colored with toluidine blue, metilene blue, basic Fuscine, and silver metenamine. The basal epithelial elements presented ovoid nucleus and most of them had prominent nucleolus. In 7 of the studied cases, the granulose stratus was absent, and thinner in the rest, with nucleus and nucleolus retention. At this level queratinocytes where observed with perinuclear anfofilia, as well as linfocitic and macrophagic infiltrate and union complex where elongated.

Photobiomodulation of pain and inflammation in microcrystalline arthropathies: experimental and clinical results.

OBJECTIVE: This article presents the results of laser therapy in crystal (hydroxyapatite, calcium pyrophosphate, and urates) deposition-induced arthritis in rats and the clinical applications in humans. BACKGROUND DATA: Microcrystalline arthropathies are prevalent among geriatric patients, who are more vulnerable to the side effects of drugs. The effectiveness of laser therapy for pain relief, free of side effects, has been reported in painful conditions. METHODS: Two milligrams of each of the above-mentioned crystals was injected in both joints of the back limbs in three groups of rats; these groups were then treated with laser irradiation. Three other groups received no treatment after the injections. We determined the plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers (fibrinogen, prostaglandin E2, and TNF(alpha)), tissues (prostaglandin E(2)) and conducted anatomopathological studies. Twenty-five patients with acute gout arthritis were randomized into two groups and treated over 5 days: group A, diclofenac 75 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. Forty-nine patients with knee chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy were randomized into two groups and treated over 21 days; group A, diclofenac 50 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. Thirty patients with shoulder chronic hydroxyapatite arthropathy were randomized into two groups and treated over 21 days; group A, diclofenac 50 mg orally, twice a day; and group B, laser irradiation once a day. RESULTS: Fibrinogen, prostaglandin E(2), and TNF(alpha) concentrations in the rats injected with crystals and treated with laser decreased significantly as compared with the groups injected with crystals without treatment. Both laser therapy and diclofenac achieved rapid pain relief in patients with acute gouty arthritis without significant differences in efficacy. Laser therapy was more effective than diclofenac in patients with chronic pyrophosphate arthropathy and in patients with chronic apatite deposition disease. CONCLUSION: Laser therapy represents an effective treatment in the therapeutic arsenal of microcrystalline arthropathies.

Tumor pardo en el hiperparatiroidismo secundario a insuficiencia renal cronica / Brown tumor in hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure

Brown tumor (BT) is an uncommon condition that represents the terminal stage of the cystic osteitis fibrosa and have been increasingly reported in hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure, due to the increase of survival in patient with hemodialysis. The fine needle aspiration diagnosis is of great importance in the recognition of the BT, although it can be difficult to distinguish it of lesions as the aneurysmal bone cyst and giant-cell tumor. We describe the case of 20-year-old female with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis during six years. Both x-rays and computer tomography revealed a tumor in head of right humerus and lytic images in scapula of the same side, clavicles and ribs. The patient was subjected to a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumor of humerus head and the sample was processed with the habitual technique of inclusion in paraffin and stained with hematoxilina and eosina. Histological preparations showed several multinucleate giant cells and spindly or fibrillary cells, feature that was pointed out as compatible, in a context of secondary hyperparathyroidism to chronic renal failure, with a BT. We consider that the radiological and tomographyc finds, besides the history of chronic renal failure with a long history of hemodialysis, were enough to link, with great approach, the histopathology with the diagnosis of BT.(AU)

El tumor pardo (TP) es una condición infrecuente que representa la fase terminal de la osteítis fibrosa quistica, habiéndose incrementado los reportes de tumores pardos en hiperparatiroidismos secundarios a falla renal. debido al aumento de supervivencia en pacientes dializados. El diagnóstico por aspiración con aguja fina es de gran importancia en el reconocimiento del TP. aunque puede ser dificil distinguirlo de lesiones como el quiste óseo aneurismático y el tumor de células gigantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 20 años con insuficiencia renal crónica dializada durante seis años. que mostraba, con la tomografia computada y radiografia, un tumor en cabeza de húmero derecho e imágenes osteolíticas en homóplato homolateral, clavícula y costillas. Se realizó una biopsia por punción de la tumor ación de cabeza de húmero y la muestra fue procesada con la técnica habitual de inclusión en parafina y tinción con hematoxilina y eosina. Los preparados histológicos mostraron tejido constituido por abundantes células fusiformes y numerosas células gigantes multinucleadas, cuadro histopatológico que se señaló como compatible, en un contexto de hiperparatiroidismo secundario a insuficiencia renal crónica, con un TP.(AU)

Tumor pardo en el hiperparatiroidismo secundario a insuficiencia renal cronica / Brown tumor in hyperparathyroidism secondary to chronic renal failure

Brown tumor (BT) is an uncommon condition that represents the terminal stage of the cystic osteitis fibrosa and have been increasingly reported in hyperparathyroidism secondary to renal failure, due to the increase of survival in patient with hemodialysis. The fine needle aspiration diagnosis is of great importance in the recognition of the BT, although it can be difficult to distinguish it of lesions as the aneurysmal bone cyst and giant-cell tumor. We describe the case of 20-year-old female with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis during six years. Both x-rays and computer tomography revealed a tumor in head of right humerus and lytic images in scapula of the same side, clavicles and ribs. The patient was subjected to a fine needle aspiration biopsy of the tumor of humerus head and the sample was processed with the habitual technique of inclusion in paraffin and stained with hematoxilina and eosina. Histological preparations showed several multinucleate giant cells and spindly or fibrillary cells, feature that was pointed out as compatible, in a context of secondary hyperparathyroidism to chronic renal failure, with a BT. We consider that the radiological and tomographyc finds, besides the history of chronic renal failure with a long history of hemodialysis, were enough to link, with great approach, the histopathology with the diagnosis of BT.

El tumor pardo (TP) es una condición infrecuente que representa la fase terminal de la osteítis fibrosa quistica, habiéndose incrementado los reportes de tumores pardos en hiperparatiroidismos secundarios a falla renal. debido al aumento de supervivencia en pacientes dializados. El diagnóstico por aspiración con aguja fina es de gran importancia en el reconocimiento del TP. aunque puede ser dificil distinguirlo de lesiones como el quiste óseo aneurismático y el tumor de células gigantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 20 años con insuficiencia renal crónica dializada durante seis años. que mostraba, con la tomografia computada y radiografia, un tumor en cabeza de húmero derecho e imágenes osteolíticas en homóplato homolateral, clavícula y costillas. Se realizó una biopsia por punción de la tumor ación de cabeza de húmero y la muestra fue procesada con la técnica habitual de inclusión en parafina y tinción con hematoxilina y eosina. Los preparados histológicos mostraron tejido constituido por abundantes células fusiformes y numerosas células gigantes multinucleadas, cuadro histopatológico que se señaló como compatible, en un contexto de hiperparatiroidismo secundario a insuficiencia renal crónica, con un TP.

He-Ne laser on microcrystalline arthropathies.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this work is to assess the anti-inflammatory capacity of He-Ne laser therapy as determined by the plasmatic levels of inflammatory markers, fibrinogen, and TNFalpha and by histopathological study in rats with arthropathy induced by calcium pyrophosphate crystals. BACKGROUND DATA: Microcrystalline arthropathies are a group of diseases characterized by the deposit of different crystals in joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two milligrams of dicalcium pyrophosphate crystals (DCPP) were injected in both joints of the lower limbs of rats during 2 days. A group was treated with laser of He-Ne (6 mW) on the injected joints during 3 consecutive days. After 96 h of the first injection, animals were sacrificed to determine TNFalpha using the ELISA method and fibrinogen was assessed using spectrophotometry. Sections from the lower limbs were used for histopathology. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in plasma fibrinogen levels and TNFalpha was noted between the control group and the laser-treated group. The histological transversal section of a posterior limb joint of a rat injected with DCPP showed fibroadipose tissue with diffuse chronic infiltrate. The histopathology of the group of rats injected with DCPP and subsequently treated with He-Ne laser showed no inflammatory response. CONCLUSION: He-Ne laser treatment in the microcrystalline arthropathy induced in rats by DCPP injection might have an antiinflammatory effect, evaluated by fibrinogen plasma levels and TNF-alpha (inflammatory markers) and by the histopathology regressive process.

Hyperfibrinogenemia in rats treated with meloxicam.

Fibrinogen secretion is mediated by prostaglandin biosynthesis and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since meloxicam produces inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis it may help to normalize hyperfibrinogenemia. We investigated the pharmacological effect of meloxicam on fibrinogen levels and the possible regression of histopathological lesions of thoracic aorta. Rats were subjected to multiple injuries (MI) in the form of laparotomies (Lx) during a 30 day period (1/week). Meloxicam 0.065 mg/kg/day (per rat) was administered orally immediately after the third Lx in multiple injury animals during a ten day period. Blood was obtained 72 hours after the last injury in all groups. Fibrinogen was measured by spectrophotometry and the values were expressed in mg/dL. A statistically significant increment of fibrinogen was observed when comparing uninjured animals (control) (208.7+/-6.0) with the multiple injury group (336.6+/-7.5) (P<0.001). Fibrinogen decreased to the control value in the meloxicam group (198+/-8.7). Histopathological lesions were similar in the MI and meloxicam groups, showing endothelial denudation and intima enlargement from the thoracic aorta in 96% of the slices studied. The decrease in fibrinogen in the meloxicam group would be due to cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) selective inhibition, even though the histopathological lesions did not regress.

[Eco-guided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Algorithm diagnosis]. / Punción aspiración ecoguiada con aguja fina de tiroides (PAEAFT). Algoritmo diagnostico.

Fine needle aspiration (PAAF) of thyroid it has demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific to establish a diagnosis and to implement the corresponding treatment, these qualities are increased when the guide ecográfica is used: fine needle aspiration of thyroid with ultrasonography guide (PAEAFT). 139 cases of PAEAFT are presented of whose material was carried out extended conventional and thin according to specific technique and they were colored with Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E)--Tint 15 (DIFF-QUIK) and Papanicolaou; analyzing their distribution for sex, age, topography, characteristic of nodules and cytologic diagnoses. The presumptive diagnoses corresponded to: Multinodular Goiter (21.58%)--Hashimoto's thyroiditis (2.87%)--Follicular neoplasm: Under degree (I-II): (57.57%), High degree (III): 2.15%--Hürthle cell tumors (2.87%)--Papilary carcinoma (4.32%). The prevalence corresponded to the female sex (93.52%). The pursuit of the patients was carried out based on the proposed algorithm, modified of that of Gharib, 1997.

Punción aspiración ecoguiada con aguja fina de tiroides (PAEAFT). Algoritmo diagnostico. / [Eco-guided fine needle aspiration of the thyroid. Algorithm diagnosis]

Fine needle aspiration (PAAF) of thyroid it has demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific to establish a diagnosis and to implement the corresponding treatment, these qualities are increased when the guide ecográfica is used: fine needle aspiration of thyroid with ultrasonography guide (PAEAFT). 139 cases of PAEAFT are presented of whose material was carried out extended conventional and thin according to specific technique and they were colored with Haematoxylin and eosin (H & E)--Tint 15 (DIFF-QUIK) and Papanicolaou; analyzing their distribution for sex, age, topography, characteristic of nodules and cytologic diagnoses. The presumptive diagnoses corresponded to: Multinodular Goiter (21.58

)--Hashimotos thyroiditis (2.87

)--Follicular neoplasm: Under degree (I-II): (57.57

), High degree (III): 2.15

--H³rthle cell tumors (2.87

)--Papilary carcinoma (4.32

). The prevalence corresponded to the female sex (93.52

). The pursuit of the patients was carried out based on the proposed algorithm, modified of that of Gharib, 1997.

[Heterotopic mesenteric ossification. Description of a case]. / Ossificazione mesenterica eterotopica. Descrizione di un caso.

We describe a case of heterotopic mesenteric ossification presented in a 25 year-old male who underwent laparotomy for a fire-gun injury. Two weeks later he experienced small bowel obstruction and for this reason he has been operated five times with removal of segments of small bowel. Now, nine months later, he needs ileostomy to avoid another obstruction.

[Collagenase production increases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synoviocytes incubated]. / Incremento en la produccion de colagenasa en incubado de sinoviocitos de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea y osteoartrosis.

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue. It contains few cells into an extracell matrix. The matrix mainly constituents are collagen and proteoglycans. Its degradation depends on synoviocytes activity, that secrete metalloproteases, agents to proteoglycans catabolism. There are two types of synoviocytes: macrophagics (type "A:') and fibroblastics (type "B"). The proteoglycan destruction can be LT-dependent or LT-independent. The aim of this work is synoviocytes function ex vívo study, free immune system influence. In order to do it, heparinized synovial fluid samples were obtained from 6 osteoarthritic (OA) and 6 arthritic (RA) both sex untreated patients, diagnosed according ACR criteria, which disease duration was longer than 6 months. Patients average age was 70 +/- 2 years. Control samples were synovial fluid from traumatic arthritis or non inflammatory bone-muscle pathology. Synovial fluid was centifugated at 1500 g for 30 minutes to isolate synoviocytes. Sediment containing cells was 6 hs incubed with Dulbecco-Eagles media, that has HEPES Gibco (26 mM); NaHCO3 (0.5 g/I); glutamine (2 mM), streptomicine (100 mg/l), G-penicillin (1 U/ml); anphotericine B (2.5 mg/l). Cells calification and viability were cytopathologically determined. Before and after incubation, collagenase activity was measured by ELISA-double-sandwich, using 10 micrograms/ml monoclonal anti-MMPs in phosphate-buffer-saline. The antigen-antibody complex production with inespecific proteins was blocked by bovine seric albumine. Streptavidin peroxidase was added and washed with 2,2,azin,di(3-ethyl-benztazoilinsuiphonic) acid to develop color. The link of labeled antibody by absorbance at 410 nm was determined in ELISA-spectrophothometer. RA patients earlier MMPs synoviocytes production was 1373 +/- 115 ng/ml. Then 6 hs incubation 2143 +/- 132 ng/ml was reached. The increase (56%) had high significance (p < 0.0001). OA earlier MMPs cells production was 276 +/- 23 ng/ml, but after incubation it reached 542 +/- 47 ng/ml. (96% increased with highly significativa difference too: p < 0.0001). Microscopic study was carried out before and after incubation, and shows a lot of synoviocytes with plenty of cytopiasme when the collagenase leveis were highest. On the contrary, when low MMPs production by synovial fluid, as no incubated osteoarthritic material, a few cells containing picnotics nucleous were observed. Significant quantitative differences in AR and OA enzymatic secretion were observed. Although in rheumatoid arthritic MMPs leveis synoviocytes production were 4.6 times than OA levels, after 6 hs incubation percentage of increase in OA cells secretion was highest. Described results confirm MMP-1 synthesis by synoviocytes, and these levels correlate with inflammation, more pronounced in acute (RA) than chronic pathology (OA). Synoviocyte incubation let us to test disease changes in synovial fluid according to cells number and phagocytic activity. Authors agree to assert that synovial fluid may reflect what is happening in an articular cartilago, because SF provides markers of joint disease. MMPs are giving information about pathways involved in OA and RA cartilage degradation.

Incremento en la produccion de colagenasa en incubado de sinoviocitos de pacientes con artritis reumatoidea y osteoartrosis. / [Collagenase production increases in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis synoviocytes incubated]

Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue. It contains few cells into an extracell matrix. The matrix mainly constituents are collagen and proteoglycans. Its degradation depends on synoviocytes activity, that secrete metalloproteases, agents to proteoglycans catabolism. There are two types of synoviocytes: macrophagics (type [quot ]A:) and fibroblastics (type [quot ]B[quot ]). The proteoglycan destruction can be LT-dependent or LT-independent. The aim of this work is synoviocytes function ex vívo study, free immune system influence. In order to do it, heparinized synovial fluid samples were obtained from 6 osteoarthritic (OA) and 6 arthritic (RA) both sex untreated patients, diagnosed according ACR criteria, which disease duration was longer than 6 months. Patients average age was 70 +/- 2 years. Control samples were synovial fluid from traumatic arthritis or non inflammatory bone-muscle pathology. Synovial fluid was centifugated at 1500 g for 30 minutes to isolate synoviocytes. Sediment containing cells was 6 hs incubed with Dulbecco-Eagles media, that has HEPES Gibco (26 mM); NaHCO3 (0.5 g/I); glutamine (2 mM), streptomicine (100 mg/l), G-penicillin (1 U/ml); anphotericine B (2.5 mg/l). Cells calification and viability were cytopathologically determined. Before and after incubation, collagenase activity was measured by ELISA-double-sandwich, using 10 micrograms/ml monoclonal anti-MMPs in phosphate-buffer-saline. The antigen-antibody complex production with inespecific proteins was blocked by bovine seric albumine. Streptavidin peroxidase was added and washed with 2,2,azin,di(3-ethyl-benztazoilinsuiphonic) acid to develop color. The link of labeled antibody by absorbance at 410 nm was determined in ELISA-spectrophothometer. RA patients earlier MMPs synoviocytes production was 1373 +/- 115 ng/ml. Then 6 hs incubation 2143 +/- 132 ng/ml was reached. The increase (56

) had high significance (p < 0.0001). OA earlier MMPs cells production was 276 +/- 23 ng/ml, but after incubation it reached 542 +/- 47 ng/ml. (96

increased with highly significativa difference too: p < 0.0001). Microscopic study was carried out before and after incubation, and shows a lot of synoviocytes with plenty of cytopiasme when the collagenase leveis were highest. On the contrary, when low MMPs production by synovial fluid, as no incubated osteoarthritic material, a few cells containing picnotics nucleous were observed. Significant quantitative differences in AR and OA enzymatic secretion were observed. Although in rheumatoid arthritic MMPs leveis synoviocytes production were 4.6 times than OA levels, after 6 hs incubation percentage of increase in OA cells secretion was highest. Described results confirm MMP-1 synthesis by synoviocytes, and these levels correlate with inflammation, more pronounced in acute (RA) than chronic pathology (OA). Synoviocyte incubation let us to test disease changes in synovial fluid according to cells number and phagocytic activity. Authors agree to assert that synovial fluid may reflect what is happening in an articular cartilago, because SF provides markers of joint disease. MMPs are giving information about pathways involved in OA and RA cartilage degradation.

[Severe acute pancreatitis. Clinical and therapeutic contribution of diagnostic imaging]. / Pancreatitis aguda severa. Aporte clínico y terapéutico del diagnóstico por imágenes.

Ultrasonography and dynamic tomography are used in the study of acute pancreatitis, thus helping to interpret the diverse anatomophysiopathologic variables. We present 41 patients studied by ultrasonography, on admission and twenty-four hours later or more. After seventy-two hours, a dynamic tomography was performed. We did a clinicotomographic correlation assessing necrosis, and multiple Ranson criteria, being complemented with the anatomopathologic study of specimens both in the complications and in the elective biliary surgery. There were three puncture aspirates for bacteriology. Eight (19.5%) patients developed local complications and four (9.75%) presented organ failure. Ultrasonography showed biliopancreatic hypertension in 45% of cases of biliary pancreatitis and was reversible in nature. Dynamic tomography was important in defining morphology and pancreatic necrotic involvement. There were two patients with intrapancreatic necrosis, six with intra and extrapancreatic necrosis and eleven patients who presents a dissemination of the process into the extrapancreatic tissues. The prevalence of glandular necrosis was 24%. Both, ultrasonography and dynamic tomography allowed to the identify a spectrum of lesions representative of cavitated extrapancreatic necrosis and enzymatic pericholecystitis. Likewise, they contributed to define medical treatment as well as indications, opportunities and approaches in the surgical and/or percutaneous treatment of septic complications.

Fibromatosis mimicking clinically invasive breast carcinoma.

Our purpose is to report two cases of fibromatosis in two women of 34 and 48 years old respectively that clinically appeared as a invasive breast carcinoma, particularly for the cutaneous retraction they showed. The histopathological diagnosis was done based on specimens studied with the common technique of paraffin embedding and Hematoxilin & Eosin staining. Both patients had firm poorly demarcated nodules with the histopathological pattern of classic fibromatosis. Mammary fibromatosis is an infrequent relapsing entity, not suspected in differential clinical diagnoses. The pathologist should bear it in mind, especially in frozen biopsies.

Pancreatitis aguda severa. Aporte clínico y terapéutico del diagnóstico por imágenes. / [Severe acute pancreatitis. Clinical and therapeutic contribution of diagnostic imaging]

Ultrasonography and dynamic tomography are used in the study of acute pancreatitis, thus helping to interpret the diverse anatomophysiopathologic variables. We present 41 patients studied by ultrasonography, on admission and twenty-four hours later or more. After seventy-two hours, a dynamic tomography was performed. We did a clinicotomographic correlation assessing necrosis, and multiple Ranson criteria, being complemented with the anatomopathologic study of specimens both in the complications and in the elective biliary surgery. There were three puncture aspirates for bacteriology. Eight (19.5

) patients developed local complications and four (9.75

) presented organ failure. Ultrasonography showed biliopancreatic hypertension in 45

of cases of biliary pancreatitis and was reversible in nature. Dynamic tomography was important in defining morphology and pancreatic necrotic involvement. There were two patients with intrapancreatic necrosis, six with intra and extrapancreatic necrosis and eleven patients who presents a dissemination of the process into the extrapancreatic tissues. The prevalence of glandular necrosis was 24

. Both, ultrasonography and dynamic tomography allowed to the identify a spectrum of lesions representative of cavitated extrapancreatic necrosis and enzymatic pericholecystitis. Likewise, they contributed to define medical treatment as well as indications, opportunities and approaches in the surgical and/or percutaneous treatment of septic complications.

Fibromatosis mimicking clinically invasive breast carcinoma.

Our purpose is to report two cases of fibromatosis in two women of 34 and 48 years old respectively that clinically appeared as a invasive breast carcinoma, particularly for the cutaneous retraction they showed. The histopathological diagnosis was done based on specimens studied with the common technique of paraffin embedding and Hematoxilin & Eosin staining. Both patients had firm poorly demarcated nodules with the histopathological pattern of classic fibromatosis. Mammary fibromatosis is an infrequent relapsing entity, not suspected in differential clinical diagnoses. The pathologist should bear it in mind, especially in frozen biopsies.

Localised primary amyloidosis of inguinal lymph node with superimposed bone metaplasia.

We present here a case of localised primary amyloidosis of the right inguinal lymph node in a 42 year old female. On gross examination the specimen was 4.0 x 4.0 x 3.2 cm in size with a tan-pink color and two whitish-yellow areas of hard consistency. Histologically the lymph node was replaced by an eosinophilic amorphous material, alkaline Congo red, crystal violet, thioflavine T and sodium sulphate-alcian blue (SAB). We observed areas of mature bone metaplasia alternating with sheets of plasma cells and clusters of foreign body giant cell reaction. Immunohistochemical study showed anti-lambda chain staining within the amorphous material. The negative clinical history, physical examination, normal serum electrophoresis and bone marrow and rectal biopsy allowed us to make the diagnosis of localised primary amyloidosis of lymph node. The patient is alive and without evidence of disease progression to systemic amyloidosis or plasma cell dyscrasia, after clinical follow-up of seven years.

[Microcystic serous cystadenoma of pancreas. Clinicopathological and surgical features]. / Cistoadenoma seroso microquístico del páncreas. Aspectos clinicopatológicos y quirúrgicos.

The microcystic serous cystadenoma of pancreas or glycogen "rich" cystadenoma is a rare entity. We studied five case of this cystadenoma in adult patients ages 47-68 (58 was the mean), four of which were women (80%). The clinical presentation was varied. There was a prevalence of expansive manifestations with epigastric pain in three patients, and extrahepatic bile duct obstruction in other two. A distal tumour was revealed by the diagnostic methodology used (ultrasound and TAC) in three patients, and cephalic tumour in two, with a mean size of 8.8 cm. in diameter. A distal pancreatectomy was performed in two patients, a cephalic pancreatoduodenectomy was performed in one in relation with the presence of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma, and the other two were treated with a partial cephalic pancreatectomy (enucleation). The nosological diagnose was post-surgical in all case of study. A prognosis for every case was dependent of the associated pathology.

[Latent carcinoma of the thyroid in surgical samples]. / Carcinoma latente de tiroides en materiales quirurgicos.

We present 23 cases of latent thyroid carcinoma which were examined in 356 surgical specimens (incidence: 6.4%), having found a sclerosing variant predominance. Of the total cases that were under study, twenty of them belonged to women (86%), and three to men (14%). Due to the fact that the concepts of latent thyroid carcinoma and occult thyroid carcinoma are often misused as synonyms, regarding both pathologies, we have carefully examined the available literature and therefore, we have made a critic analysis of both entities. We also made a detailed microscopic study of the surgical specimens and included a slice for histopathologic examination, which was evaluated every 5 g of tissue. The purpose of this last study responded to our consideration on the real incidence of latent thyroid carcinoma, which cannot be found in routine studies.