Systemic immune-inflammation index in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis.

OBJECTIVES: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel, inflammatory biomarker whose role in predicting several chronic systemic diseases has been recently identified. However, its association with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults remains unknown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is a multicentered, double-blind, hospital-based case-control clinical study. Periodontal examination comprised of recording plaque index, sites with bleeding on probing, pocket depth and clinical attachment loss for patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis and periodontally healthy group. Complete blood counts were obtained and used for calculating SII, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio. Collected data were then subjected to statistical analyses. RESULTS: SII was significantly higher in patients with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis compared to periodontally healthy individuals (723.87 vs. 537.74 × 109 /L, p < 0.0001). SII is associated with severe periodontitis in young adults (odds ratio [OR]:11.86, 95% CI 9.61-20.76, p < 0.0001) after adjusting for factors found significant in univariate analysis. Receiver operative curve analysis demonstrated a fair predictive validity of SII in detecting generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults (AUC: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731-0.799, p < 0.0001, sensitivity 81.27%, specificity 76.50% and diagnostic accuracy 78.89%). SII did not exhibit superior predictive validity when compared with NLR in the context of generalized stage III grade C periodontitis (AUC for SII: 0.766, 95%CI 0.731-0.799, AUC for NLR: 0.788, 95% CI 0.754-0.819; p = 0.28). CONCLUSION: SII is associated with generalized stage III grade C periodontitis in young adults.

Seizure associated with olanzapine.

Atypical antipsychotics are known to be associated with electroencephalogram abnormalities. Olanzapine can lower seizure threshold and induce epileptiform discharges. However in patients on Olanzapine for the treatment of a primary psychiatric disorder, clinical seizure is a rare occurrence. We report the case of a 23-year-old female with mild mental retardation with schizophrenia with obsessive compulsive disorder who developed new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure probably due to Olanzapine. Electroencephalogram showed epileptiform discharges. The seizure risk associated with Olanzapine was reviewed.

Feasibility and Clinical Utility of High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in the Treatment of Persistent Hallucinations in Schizophrenia.

Persistent auditory verbal hallucination is a clinically significant problem in schizophrenia. Recent studies suggest a promising role for add-on transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in treatment. An optimised version of tDCS, namely high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS), uses smaller electrodes arranged in a 4x1 ring configuration and may offer more focal and predictable neuromodulation than conventional tDCS. This case report illustrates the feasibility and clinical utility of add-on HD-tDCS over the left temporoparietal junction in a 4x1 ring configuration to treat persistent auditory verbal hallucination in schizophrenia.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Presenting for Redundant Clothing.

This is a case report of a 15-year-old girl who presented with redundant clothing. On evaluation, it was found that she had obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and redundant clothing was a symptom of OCD, which has hitherto not been reported.

Sertraline induced mandibular dystonia and bruxism.

Specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been associated with the occurrence of drug-induced parkinsonism, dystonia, dyskinesia, and akathisia. Here, we describe a young female patient with a diagnosis of the moderate depressive episode who developed mandibular dystonia and bruxism with sertraline in the absence of concurrent prescription of medications, which have potential action on the dopaminergic system.

Reasons for Substance Use: A Comparative Study of Alcohol Use in Tribals and Non-tribals.

BACKGROUND: Consumption of alcohol has been attributed to different reasons by consumers. Attitude and knowledge about the substance and addiction can be influenced by the cultural background of the individual. The tribal population, where alcohol intake is culturally accepted, can have different beliefs and attributes causing one to take alcohol. This study attempts to examine the reasons for alcohol intake and the belief about addiction and their effect on the severity of addiction in people with a different ethnic background. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted at a Psychiatric institute with a cross-sectional design. The study population included patients hailing from the Jharkhand state, twenty each, belonging to tribal and non-tribal communities. Patients fulfilling the ICD 10 diagnostic criteria of mental and behavioral disorders due to the alcohol dependence syndrome, with active dependence, were taken, excluding those having any comorbidity or complications. The subjects were assessed with specially designed Sociodemographic-Clinical Performa, modified version of Reasons for Substance Use scale, Addiction Belief scale, and the Alcohol Dependence scale. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND RESULTS: A significantly high number of tribals cited reasons associated with social enhancement and coping with distressing emotions rather than individual enhancement, as a reason for consuming alcohol. Addiction was severe in those consuming alcohol to cope with distressing emotions. Belief in the free-will model was noted to be stronger across the cultures, without any correlation with the reason for intake. This cross-sectional study design, which was based on patients, cannot be easily generalized to the community. CONCLUSION: [corrected] Societal acceptance and pressure as well as high emotional problems appears to be the major etiology leading to higher prevalce of substance depedence in tribals. Primary prevention should be planned to fit the needs of the ethnics.