RESUMEN
Cuproptosis, An Emerging Concept In The Field Of Diabetes Research, Presents A Novel And Promising Perspective For The Effective Management Of Diabetes Mellitus And Its Associated Complications. Diabetes, Characterized By Chronic Hyperglycemia, Poses A Substantial Global Health Burden, With An Increasing Prevalence Worldwide. Despite Significant Progress In Our Understanding Of This Complex Metabolic Disorder, Optimal Therapeutic Strategies Still Remain Elusive. The Advent Of Cuproptosis, A Term Coined To Describe Copper-Induced Cellular Cell Death And Its Pivotal Role In Diabetes Pathogenesis, Opens New Avenues For Innovative Interventions. Copper, An Indispensable Trace Element, Plays A Pivotal Role In A Myriad Of Vital Biological Processes, Encompassing Energy Production, Bolstering Antioxidant Defenses, And Altered Cellular Signaling. However, In The Context Of Diabetes, This Copper Homeostasis Is Perturbed, Driven By A Combination Of Genetic Predisposition, Dietary Patterns, And Environmental Factors. Excessive Copper Levels Act As Catalysts For Oxidative Stress, Sparking Intricate Intracellular Signaling Cascades That Further Exacerbate Metabolic Dysfunction. In This Review, We Aim To Explore The Interrelationship Between Copper And Diabetes Comprehensively, Shedding Light On The Intricate Mechanisms Underpinning Cuproptosis. By Unraveling The Roles Of Copper Transporters, Copper-Dependent Enzymes, And Cuproptotic Signaling Pathways, We Seek To Elucidate Potential Therapeutic Strategies That Harness The Power Of Copper Modulation In Diabetes Management. This Insight Sets The Stage For A Targeted Approach To Challenge The Complex Hurdles Posed By Diabetes, Potentially Transforming Our Therapeutic Strategies In The Ongoing Fight Against This Pervasive Global Health Concern.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) are now being increasingly associated as a cause of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of HPV in Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) and OSCC using polymerase chain reaction that might help in better understanding of the role played by this virus in the oncogenic process even from its evolution stage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples (n = 40) of OSCC and mild, moderate, and severe dysplasia were used for this study. DNA was quantified and checked for purity spectrophotometrically. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software and statistical significance was assessed using Fischer's exact test (p < 0.05 was considered significant). RESULTS: High-risk (HR)-HPV-16 was found to be positive in 35% of OSCC cases which showed a statistically significant association of HPV 16 with OSCC. Verrucous carcinoma had predominant HPV 16 infection (60%), followed by SCC with 40%. However, this association was not statistically significant. None of the OSCC samples were infected with HPV 18. Among the PMD, we found only 5% showing HR-HPV 16 infection which was not significant. DISCUSSION: Although OSCC is attributed to tobacco and alcohol consumption, a significant proportion of OSCC cases have been demonstrated to contain HPV types. The high-risk HPV type 16 tends to be the most predominant type detected in cases of OSCC.