The efficiency of natural wound healing and bacterial biofilm inhibition of Aloe vera and Sodium Chloride toothpaste preparation.

BACKGROUND: Prevention is a preliminary focus of periodontitis treatment. Rather than giving complicated treatment to a periodontitis patient, a variety of toothpastes have been suggested to prevent periodontal disease progression. Herbal toothpastes containing natural plant components for maintaining or increasing healing might be a treatment modality for improving oral hygiene. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant with active ingredients that have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Additionally, increased sodium in the environment inhibits microorganism growth. A toothpaste containing salt and aloe vera may be an option to provide good oral hygiene. AIM: To assess the in vitro cell migration of human gingival fibroblasts and antimicrobial effects of an herbal toothpaste containing A. vera and Sodium chloride. METHODS: The cytotoxicity of 0.02% or 0.2% toothpaste solution on human gingival fibroblast cell line was evaluated using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The cell migration after treatment with 0.2% (v/v) toothpaste was determined using a Boyden Chamber assay. The effect of the toothpaste on inhibiting Porphylomonas gingivalis planktonic and biofilm growth was compared with Chlohexidine (CHX) using a Disk Diffusion and Biofilm susceptibility test, respectively. The results of the cytotoxicity assay, inhibition zone and percentage of live cells in the biofilm were statistically analyzed with One-way analysis of variance. Cell migration and biofilm inhibition were evaluated using the independent sample t-test and multiple t-test, respectively (p = 0.05). RESULTS: Neither test concentration of the toothpaste solution was toxic to the target cells. The 0.2% concentration was selected for the cell migration experiment. The herbal toothpaste formulation significantly increased cell migration compared with the control group (culture medium) (p = .02) The antimicrobial effect of this formulation on the P. gingivalis planktonic form was lower compared with 0.12% CHX (positive control group), however, it demonstrated greater P. gingivalis biofilm formation inhibition compared with the 0.12% CHX group. CONCLUSIONS: The alternative use of an herbal toothpaste instead of a non-herbal toothpaste formulation should be considered for promoting oral health care. However, further clinical studies are necessary before it can be considered for patient use.

Erratum to "Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2019/2089817.].

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. in Primary Dermal Fibroblasts.

Flavonoids are naturally active substances that form a large class of phenolic compounds abundant in certain foods. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) contains high levels of anthocyanin polyphenols, which have beneficial effects on health owing to their antioxidant properties. The breakdown of collagenous networks with aging or skin deterioration results in the impairment of wound healing in the skin. Accordingly, reviving stagnant collagen synthesis can help maintain dermal homeostasis during wound healing. This study presents an assessment of the cellular activity of anthocyanins (ANT) extracted from Oryza sativa L., providing information necessary for the development of new products that support natural healing processes. The relative composition of ANT from Oryza sativa L. was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection. ANT promoted the migration of rat dermal fibroblasts (RDFs) and demonstrated antioxidant properties. ANT increased the mRNA expression of collagen type I alpha 2 (COL1A2) and upregulated type I collagen protein levels in H2O2-stimulated RDFs without cytotoxicity. Compared with the untreated group, treatment of RDFs with ANT in the presence of H2O2 led to the activation of signaling pathways, including the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and Akt, whereas it significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited the phosphorylation of IκBα and suppressed the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) subunits, p50 and p65, which are transcription factors responsible for inflammation. Taken together, our findings suggest that ANT from Oryza sativa L. have anti-inflammatory properties and antiaging potential by modulating type I collagen gene expression and suppressing H2O2-induced NF-κB activation in skin fibroblasts.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of self-etching dentine bonding agents in a cell culture perfusion condition.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of three dentine bonding agents (G-Bond, Clearfil S(3) Bond and Clearfil SE Bond X) in cell-culture perfusion. METHODS: In this experiment, 8×10(4) TCPC SV40 cells (bovine-pulp-derived cells transfected with simian virus 40 large T-antigen) in MEM-alpha media, 20%FCS were seeded on mesh in a 6-well plate and incubated at 37 °C with 5% CO(2). After 2 days, the mesh inserts were transferred to a 24-well plate and incubated in MEM-alpha media, 20%FCS with 50 µg/ml of ascorbic acid at 37 °C with 5% CO(2) for 14 days. The test materials were applied to the dentine discs of dentine barrier models. Three-dimensional cell cultures in mesh and perfusion conditions were generated in this experiment. Each material, as well as the negative control (President) and the positive control (vitrebond), was tested in 5 models with the tests repeated in triplicate. The MTT assay was used to determine cell viability after the diffusion of leachable toxicity from the tested materials through the dentine discs. RESULTS: The cell survival rate with G-Bond and Clearfil S(3) Bond was 113.03 and 90.98 percent, respectively, whereas that with Clearfil SE Bond X was 111.83 percent. All three dentine bonding agents had no toxicity compared with the negative control group (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: All three self-etching dentine-bonding agents are nontoxic. Pulp damage caused by these three bonding agents is unlikely to occur in the clinic.