Study of social awareness regarding body donations for scientific and educational purposes.

BACKGROUND: The basis of teaching anatomy is the understanding of the body's structures using human cadavers. Body donation should be a fully conscious and voluntary act. There is a growing demand for human cadavers in medical universities. To meet these demands, it is necessary to understand the societal awareness regarding body donation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study utilized a proprietary single-choice questionnaire while maintaining the anonymity of the respondents. The study included 1004 individuals, comprising 700 women and 304 men. The analysis employed the Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's chi-squared test with calculation of the Cramer's V coefficient. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 56.37% consider donating their bodies for scientific and educational purposes. Among the concerns associated with donation, fear of lack of proper respect for the remains by students (18.23%), family opposition (16.24%), and religious reasons (9.16%) were highlighted. Non-religious individuals are more inclined to donate their bodies for scientific and educational purposes than religious individuals (p < 0.001). Residents of rural areas and small towns are less likely to consider donating their bodies for scientific and educational purposes than residents of large cities (p = 0.002). As many as 85.76% of respondents believe that human remains are essential for effective anatomy education. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing public awareness of cadaver donation may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of anatomy teaching at medical universities.

Periprosthetic fractures after shoulder arthroplasty: a systematic review.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to review available literature on periprosthetic shoulder fractures to evaluate epidemiology, risk factors and support clinical decision-making regarding diagnostics, preoperative planning, and treatment options. Methods: Two authors cross-checked the PubMed and Web of Science medical databases. The inclusion criteria were as follows: original human studies published in English, with the timeframe not limited, and the following keywords were used: 'periprosthetic shoulder fracture,' 'total shoulder arthroplasty periprosthetic fractures,' 'total shoulder arthroplasty fracture,' and 'total shoulder replacement periprosthetic fracture.' Seventy articles were included in the review. All articles were retrieved using the aforementioned criteria. Results: The fracture rate associated with total shoulder arthroplasty varied between 0 and 47.6%. Risk factors for periprosthetic fractures were female gender, body mass index < 25 kg/m2, smoking, rheumatoid arthritis, and Parkinson's disease. The most commonly used classification is the Wright and Coefield classification. Periprosthetic fractures can be treated both, conservatively and operatively. Conclusion: Periprosthetic fracture frequency after shoulder arthroplasty ranges from 0 to 47.6%. The most common location of the fracture is the humerus and most commonly occurs intraoperatively. The most important factor influencing treatment is stem stability. Fractures with stem instability require revision arthroplasty with stem replacement. Fractures with a stable stem depending on the location, displacement and bone stock quality can be treated both conservatively and operatively. For internal fixation plates with cables and screws are most commonly used.

Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Incidentally Found Brain Tumors: A Single-Center Experience.

There remains much debate about the correct management of incidentally found brain tumors in the pediatric population. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of surgical treatment of incidentally found pediatric brain tumors. A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent surgical resection of incidentally found brain tumors between January 2010 and April 2016 was performed. A total of seven patients were included. The median age at the time of diagnosis was 9.7 years. The reasons for performing neuroimaging were as follows: impeded speech development (n = 2), shunt control (n = 1), paranasal sinuses control (n = 1), behavior changes (n = 1), head trauma (n = 1), and preterm birth (n = 1). Five patients underwent gross total tumor resection (71.4%), while subtotal resection was performed in two patients (28.6%). There was no surgery-related morbidity. Patients were followed up for a mean of 79 months. One patient with atypical neurocytoma experienced tumor recurrence 45 months following primary resection. All patients remained neurologically intact. The majority of pediatric incidentally found brain tumors were histologically benign. Surgery remains a safe therapeutic approach associated with favorable long-term outcomes. Considering the expected long lifetime of pediatric patients, as well as the psychological burden associated with having a brain tumor as a child, surgical resection can be considered an initial approach.

The Use of Mixed Reality in Custom-Made Revision Hip Arthroplasty: A First Case Report.

The technology of 3D printing and visualization of anatomical structures is rapidly growing in various fields of medicine. A custom-made implant and mixed reality were used to perform complex revision hip arthroplasty in January 2019. The use of mixed reality allowed for a very good visualization of the structures and resulted in precise implant fixation. According to the authors' knowledge, this is the first described case report of the combined use of these two innovations. The diagnosis preceding the qualification for the procedure was the loosening of the left hip's acetabular component. Mixed reality headset and holograms prepared by engineers were used during the surgery. The operation was successful, and it was followed by early verticalization and patient rehabilitation. The team sees opportunities for technology development in joint arthroplasty, trauma, and orthopedic oncology.

3D Printing as a Significant Achievement for Application in Posttraumatic Surgeries - A Literature Review.

BACKGROUND: 3D printing is increasingly used in many fields of medicine. The broadening of knowledge in this field and the cooperation of doctors and engineers increase the interest in this technology and results in attempts to implement it at every stage of the treatment. OBJECTIVE: The review aims to summarize the current literature on the use of 3D printing technology in the treatment of post-trauma patients. METHODS: A review of available scientific publications in PubMed regarding 3D printing and its application in the context of posttraumatic procedures was carried out. Clinical Trials and Reviews from the period 2014-2019 (6-year period) were taken into consideration. The database was searched for "Printing", "ThreeDimensional" [MAJR] [MeSH Term]. Finally, 48 studies have been included in our review article. RESULTS: 3D printing technology has a number of applications in patients who have suffered injuries. 3D printing has found application in the preparation of procedures, accurate visualization of occurring injuries and complications, education of doctors and patients, prototyping, creation of synthetic scaffolding, production and implementation of target implants and rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: 3D printing is increasingly used in providing for posttraumatic patients. It is necessary to conduct further research in this area and to provide development opportunities regarding biopolymers and bioprinting. It is also necessary to improve cooperation between doctors and engineers and to create new centres that can comprehensively use 3D printing - from imaging diagnostics to the production of implants and their surgical use.

Heterotopic Ossification: A Challenging Complication of Total Hip Arthroplasty: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Prophylaxis, and Treatment.

BACKGROUND: This review is intended to summarize the risk factors, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO) of previously published studies. RESULTS: Heterotopic ossification is a common complication of total hip arthroplasty. Its prevalence is not the same in all of the patient groups. Frequency of HO varies from 15 to 90%. Hip ankylosis, male gender, and previous history of HO are said to be risk factors with a significant level. Diagnosis is based on a single AP radiograph: the Brooker classification that divides HO into four grades is the most commonly used. The confirmation test that can be used is a bone scan. A great amount of bone metabolic turnover markers have been tested, but none of them seems to be relevant in case of prevention or diagnosis of HO. The most effective prophylactic treatment is radiotherapy or administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Over the years a lot of different RT protocols have been tested. Nowadays the most often used regimen is 7 Gy given postoperatively in a single dose. The most commonly prescribed drug in prophylaxis of HO is indomethacin. Also, the efficacy of ibuprofen and diclofenac was proven. Recently researchers focused on selective COX-2 inhibitors. They appear to be as effective as nonselective NSAIDs having less side effects. The one and only treatment of HO is a revision arthroplasty.