RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Substance use remains a barrier to recovery for young people accessing early intervention services for psychosis. While correlates of use have been explored in populations experiencing a first episode of psychosis (FEP), sample sizes have been small and less research assesses cohorts at ultrahigh risk of psychosis (UHR). METHODS: This study uses data from a naturalistic cohort including UHR and FEP participants (N = 1252) to elucidate clinical correlates of use in the past 3 months of any illicit substance, amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), cannabis, and tobacco. Moreover, network analysis based on use of these substances and additionally alcohol, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, inhalants, and opioids was completed. RESULTS: Young people with FEP used substances at significantly higher rates than those at UHR. High concurrence of use was seen between substances. In the FEP group, participants who had used any illicit substance, ATS, and/or tobacco had increased positive symptoms and decreased negative symptoms. Young people with FEP who used cannabis had increased positive symptoms. In the UHR group, participants who had used any illicit substance, ATS, and/or cannabis in the past 3 months showed decreased negative symptoms compared to those who had not. CONCLUSION: A distinct clinical picture of more florid positive symptoms and alleviated negative symptoms seen in those who use substances in the FEP group appears muted in the UHR cohort. Treating young people at UHR in early intervention services represents the earliest opportunity to address substance use early to improve outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Psicóticos , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Humanos , Adolescente , Trastornos Psicóticos/terapia , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/epidemiologíaAsunto(s)
Receptores de Progesterona , Animales , Tampones (Química)/farmacología , Electrólitos/farmacología , Femenino , Cobayas , Cinética , Concentración Osmolar , Progesterona/metabolismo , Desnaturalización Proteica , Conejos , Receptores de Progesterona/aislamiento & purificación , Receptores de Progesterona/metabolismo , Ultracentrifugación , Útero/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Progesterona/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Animales , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Cromatografía en Capa Delgada , Cristalización , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Hidroxiesteroides/biosíntesis , Técnicas In Vitro , Pregnanodionas/biosíntesis , Ratas , Factores de Tiempo , Tritio , Útero/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Corticosterona/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Progesterona/metabolismo , Unión Proteica , Animales , Sangre , Proteínas Sanguíneas , Castración , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , Diálisis , Femenino , Métodos , Ovario/fisiología , Perfusión , Conejos , Receptores de Superficie Celular , Tritio , Útero/citología , Útero/metabolismoAsunto(s)
Progesterona/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Animales , Benzoatos/farmacología , Corticosterona/farmacología , Desoxicorticosterona/farmacología , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Técnicas In Vitro , Cinética , Músculos/metabolismo , Pregnanos/farmacología , Progestinas/farmacología , Ratas , Receptores de Superficie Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Estimulación Química , Testosterona/farmacología , Tritio , Útero/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Proteínas Portadoras/metabolismo , Citosol/metabolismo , Progesterona/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Animales , Benzoatos/farmacología , Sitios de Unión , Castración , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , Corticosterona , Citosol/efectos de los fármacos , Diálisis , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Cobayas , Mercuribenzoatos/farmacología , Cloruro de Potasio/farmacología , Progesterona/administración & dosificación , Unión Proteica , Receptores de Droga , Tritio , Útero/citología , Útero/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Progesterona/metabolismo , Receptores de Droga , Útero/metabolismo , Animales , Castración , Centrifugación por Gradiente de Densidad , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacología , Femenino , Ovario/fisiología , Proteínas/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas/metabolismo , Conejos , Ratas , Tritio , Útero/citología , Útero/efectos de los fármacosAsunto(s)
Esteroides/farmacología , Acetatos/farmacología , Antagonistas de Andrógenos , Andrógenos/farmacología , Animales , Fenómenos Químicos , Química , Antagonistas de Estrógenos , Estrona/farmacología , Femenino , Fertilidad/efectos de los fármacos , Gonadotropinas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Masculino , Ratones , Tamaño de los Órganos , Progesterona/farmacología , Progestinas/farmacología , Conejos , Ratas , Testosterona/farmacología , Útero/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The antibacterial activities of a number of amide derivatives of penicillin against both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant cultures were determined. Several of them were found to possess significant inhibitory activity against certain gram-positive bacteria. The amides, although resistant to the destructive action of beta-lactamase, did not protect G in competitive experiments. One derivative, the O-benzylhydroxamide of penicillin G, was active against six or eight penicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.2 mug/ml or less), but was found to have only a minimal in vivo activity against mouse Streptococcus infections.