Temporal patterns of veterans' psychiatric service utilization, disability payments, and cocaine use.

This study examined temporal patterns of service utilization, disability benefits, and substance use. Specifically, it investigated whether the first day of the first week of each month (when disability payments are disbursed) was associated with increased emergency room (ER) use and more frequent cocaine use among psychiatric patients. All 1993 psychiatric ER presentations (n=1,448) at a Veterans Administration hospital were reviewed in order by the week of each month in which they occurred. A random subsample of only those admitted to an inpatient psychiatric service (n=143) was further assessed for amount of disability payments received and recent cocaine use. This study found that for the total population of patients utilizing the ER, most ER visits occurred during the first week, followed by weeks two, three, and four respectively. The highest percentage (49%) of patients who used cocaine were those admitted during the first week of the month, followed by week two (39%), week four (28%) and week three (25%). For the subsample of patients admitted to inpatient services, patients hospitalized during the fourth week of the month were those receiving the highest disability payments. This study found that cocaine users have the most ER visits during the first week of the month following receipt of benefits. Current data, if confirmed, would suggest public policy changes, such as payment of entitlement money to cocaine users through a third-party payee and stipulated treatment for psychiatric patients with substance use disorders as a condition of payment. Ethical and political issues, including confidentiality and patient autonomy, would need to be considered in any such policy changes.

Underdiagnosis of PTSD and substance use disorders in hospitalized female veterans.

Discharge diagnoses of 31 female veterans and 31 male veterans hospitalized at a large urban VA medical center were examined to elucidate possible biases in clinicians' diagnostic practices. Only one woman in the sample was diagnosed as having posttraumatic stress disorder, compared with seven men. All men given this diagnosis were combat veterans. Although about half of each group had a drug-positive urine screen on admission, only 11 women received a diagnosis of a substance use disorder, compared with 24 men. VA clinicians may need further training and experience assessing the presentation of PTSD and substance use disorders in women.

Identifying homeless mentally ill veterans in jail: a preliminary report.

Increasing evidence exists that suggests associations between mental illness, homelessness, and criminal activity and arrest. This article describes a program for identifying and providing treatment and housing for homeless mentally ill veterans detained at the Cook County Jail in Chicago. Preliminary data are provided describing characteristics of the veterans assessed in the jail, as well as those veterans who follow up with services upon release. The usefulness of an urban jail as a site for outreach efforts targeting homeless mentally ill veterans is discussed.