Cambios metabólicos y de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en mujeres intervenidas con un programa de ejercicio físico asistido con una aplicación móvil: un estudio controlado no randomizado

El síndrome metabólico (SMet) es prevalente en nuestra población. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar el efecto del ejercicio físico, asistido con una aplicación móvil (m-Health), sobre la aptitud-cardiorrespiratoria (ACR) e indicadores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres con alteraciones metabólicas propias del SMet, y compararlo con el efecto de ejercicio monitoreado de forma presencial en mujeres de similares características. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio controlado no-randomizado con dos brazos. Se reclutaron 41 mujeres con alteraciones metabólicas, 14 completaron el estudio y conformaron por conveniencia el grupo de intervención con m-Health o el control con el Programa Vida Sana, ejecutados durante 10 semanas. Se evaluó la ACR, composición corporal, antropometría, presión arterial (PA); pre y post-intervención. Resultados: El 95% de las mujeres presentaron baja y muy baja ACR basal. El grupo intervenido con m-Health luego de 10 semanas, aumentó el VO2max (% cambio: + 44,4; p = 0,035) y disminuyó el perímetro de cintura (% cam- bio:-2,6; p = 0,022) y la PAD (% cambio:-14,1; p = 0,036). En tanto, el grupo control disminuyó el perímetro de cintura (% cambio:-6,5; p = 0.015) y la PAD (% cambio:-12,2; p = 0,05), pero no modificó el VO2max. Las comparaciones entre grupos no arrojaron diferencias. Conclusiones: Un programa de ejercicio físico vía m-Health mejoró la ACR y parámetros antropométricos en mujeres con alteraciones cardiometabólicas.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in our population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of physical exercise, assisted by a mobile application (m-Health), on cardiorespiratory fitness (ACR) and cardiovascular risk markers in women with metabolic disorders typical of MetS, and to compare it with the effect of exercise monitored face to face in women with similar characteristics. Materials and Methods: Controlled experimental study with two arms. Forty-one women with metabolic disorders were recruited; 14 completed the study and, for convenience, formed the intervention group with m-Health or the control group with the Vida Sana Program, both carried out for ten weeks. ACR, body composition, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: 95% of the women presented low and very low basal ACR. The group treated with m-Health after 10 weeks increased VO2max (% change: + 44.4; p = 0.035) and decreased waist circumference (% change: -2.6; p = 0.022) and DBP (% change: -14.1; p = 0.036). Meanwhile, the control group decreased waist circumference (% change: -6.5; p = 0.015) and DBP (% change: -12.2; p = 0.05) but did not change VO2 max. Comparisons between groups did not show differences. Conclusions: A physical exercise program via m-Health improved ACR and anthropometric parameters in women with cardiometabolic disorders.

[Metabolic and cardiorespiratory fitness changes in women undergoing a physical exercise program assisted by a mobile application. A non-randomized controlled study]. / Cambios metabólicos y de aptitud cardiorrespiratoria en mujeres intervenidas con un programa de ejercicio físico asistido con una aplicación móvil: un estudio controlado no randomizado.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is prevalent in our population. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of physical exercise, assisted by a mobile application (m-Health), on cardiorespiratory fitness (ACR) and cardiovascular risk markers in women with metabolic disorders typical of MetS, and to compare it with the effect of exercise monitored face to face in women with similar characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Controlled experimental study with two arms. Forty-one women with metabolic disorders were recruited; 14 completed the study and, for convenience, formed the intervention group with m-Health or the control group with the Vida Sana Program, both carried out for ten weeks. ACR, body composition, anthropometry, and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated before and after the intervention. RESULTS: 95% of the women presented low and very low basal ACR. The group treated with m-Health after 10 weeks increased VO2max (% change: + 44.4; p = 0.035) and decreased waist circumference (% change: -2.6; p = 0.022) and DBP (% change: -14.1; p = 0.036). Meanwhile, the control group decreased waist circumference (% change: -6.5; p = 0.015) and DBP (% change: -12.2; p = 0.05) but did not change VO2 max. Comparisons between groups did not show differences. CONCLUSIONS: A physical exercise program via m-Health improved ACR and anthropometric parameters in women with cardiometabolic disorders.

Intervenciones en obesidad infantil. Una revisión sistemática de la literatura / Interventions in child obesity. A systematic review of the literatura / Intervenções em obesidade infantil. Uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Resumen Antecedentes: se observa un aumento creciente en la prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en la población infantil y se multiplican iniciativas para su prevención y control. Objetivo: caracterizar las intervenciones en obesidad infantil publicadas en literatura científica reciente. Materiales y Métodos: se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones empíricas cuantitativas sobre intervenciones en obesidad infantil, en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y Scielo entre los años 2013 y 2019. Se seleccionaron 30 artículos que describían 30 intervenciones distintas. Resultados: las intervenciones se centraron en promover una alimentación saludable y ejercicio físico, con énfasis en la reducción del peso corporal y medidas antropométricas como principales variables de resultado. La duración se concentró entre los 4 y 6 meses y se desarrollaron mayoritariamente en contextos escolares. Conclusiones: los estudios coinciden en la importancia de abordar la problemática a un nivel individual, grupal y comunitario, y cautelar la pertinencia de las intervenciones en función de la especificidad social y cultural del grupo objetivo. Persisten desafíos en relación con el diseño de intervenciones fundamentadas teóricamente, promover la adherencia a los programas y extender periodos de seguimiento para conocer su efectividad en el largo plazo.

Abstract Background: There is a growing increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the child population and initiatives for their prevention and control are multiplying. Objective: To characterize the interventions in child obesity published in recent scientific literature. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of quantitative empirical research on interventions in child obesity was carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo databases between the years 2013 and 2019. A total of 30 articles describing 30 different interventions were selected. Results: The interventions were mainly focused on promoting a healthy diet and physical exercise, with an emphasis on reducing body weight and anthropometric measures as the main outcome variables. The duration was concentrated between 4 and 6 months and they were developed mainly in school contexts. Conclusions: The studies agree on the importance of addressing the problem at an individual, group and community level and ensuring the relevance of the interventions based on the social and cultural specificity of the target group. Challenges persist in relation to the design of theoretically-based interventions, promoting adherence to programs, and extending follow-up periods to determine their long-term effectiveness.

Resumo Antecedentes: observa-se um aumento crescente na prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade na população infantil e se multiplicam iniciativas para sua prevenção e controle. Objetivo: caracterizar as intervenções em obesidade infantil publicadas em literatura científica recente. Materiais e Métodos: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática de pesquisas empíricas quantitativas sobre intervenções em obesidade infantil, nas bases de dados Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo entre os anos 2013 e 2019. Selecionaram-se 30 artigos que descreviam 30 intervenções distintas. Resultados: as intervenções se centraram em promover uma alimentação saudável e exercício físico, com ênfase na redução do peso corporal e medidas antropométricas como principais variáveis de resultado. A duração se concentrou entre os 4 e 6 meses e se desenvolveram maioritariamente em contextos escolares. Conclusões: os estudos coincidem na importância de abordar a problemática a um nível individual, grupal e comunitário, e cautelar a pertinência das intervenções em função da especificidade social e cultural do grupo objetivo. Persistem desafios em relação com o desenho de intervenções fundamentadas teoricamente, promover a aderência aos programas e estender períodos de seguimento para conhecer sua efetividade no longo prazo.

Anxiety, Low Self-Esteem and a Low Happiness Index Are Associated with Poor School Performance in Chilean Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between anxiety, self-esteem, happiness index and primary school students' academic performance in Chilean adolescents from the Biobío province. METHODOLOGY: 733 (46.1% girls; 12 (1.3 years)) public primary school students that completed the 2018 Health and School Performance Survey carried out in the Biobío province were included in this cross-sectional analysis. The BECK Anxiety Inventory (BAI) was used to measure anxiety while happiness index and self-esteem were measured using the subjective happiness scale and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, respectively. School performance was measured by grade point average (GPA) of language, math, physical education and cumulative GPA, and behavior associated with cognition in the school context was also considered. The relationship between mental health indicators and school performance was investigated using a one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation. RESULTS: In comparison to students with low anxiety levels and high self-esteem and happiness levels, students with higher anxiety levels, lower self-esteem and happiness levels perceived themselves as having memory problems. They were also slower to solve math problems, had a shorter attention span in class and presented more difficulties in solving complex tasks, as well as being more nervous during testing. These students also got the lowest grade point average in math, language and physical education. CONCLUSIONS: High anxiety levels, low self-esteem and low happiness levels were associated with lower school performance and weaker behavior associated with cognition in Chilean adolescents. Implementing plans of emotional education and mental health could improve academic achievement.