RESUMEN
Approximately 13% of the Russian population suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such a high prevalence of the disease, as well as the complexity and high cost of renal replacement therapy, explain the need for developing and implementing new approaches to treat patients at the pre-dialysis stages. The data collected in recent decades highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the progression of CKD. This review provides information about the microbiota composition in healthy individuals and patients with CKD and discusses the mechanisms of interaction in the intestine-kidney system. The article also presents the specifics of the violation of gut microbiota (GM) and correction thereof in CKD.
RESUMEN
Intestinal microbiota is a topical subject of modern research. The maintenance of a healthy intestinal micro biota is an important component of homeostasis, and violations of its composition and functions, called dysbiosis, are associated with a number of diseases, including urinary tract infections. Antimicrobial therapy leads to significant changes in the intestinal microbiota and causes the possibility of urinary tract infection recurrence. In this regard, it is important to study methods of microbiota correction in order to restore its structural and functional integrity.
RESUMEN
Background and Aim: Canine testicular tumors are among the most common reproductive tract tumors in male dogs and have been studied in many countries. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies with a large sample size have not been conducted in Russia. This study aimed to provide the latest information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the Veterinary Oncology Scientific Center for Small Animals "Biocontrol" in Moscow, Russia, in 2010-2020 and the characteristics of the affected canine population. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of patients and histological reports was collected and analyzed from 358 dogs with 447 testicular tumors within 11 years. Results: The mean age of the affected dogs was 10.4 years, whereas that of dogs with Sertoli cell tumors was 9.4 years p=0.009. This study includes mixed-breed dogs (18.4%), Yorkshire Terriers (8.8%), Labrador Retrievers (7.9%), Golden Retrievers (5.0%), and Fox Terriers (3.4%). The most common tumors were interstitial cell tumors (n=227, 50.8%). In contrast, 107 (23.9%) seminomas, 80 (17.9%) Sertoli cell tumors, 19 (7.4%) mixed germ cell-sex cord-stromal tumors, and 26 (7.6%) testicular tumors developed from cryptorchid testes, which included 16 (61.5%) Sertoli cell tumors, 10 (38.5%) seminomas, and no interstitial cell tumors. Conclusion: This study provides baseline information on the prevalence of canine testicular tumors in the described population, including the median age of each tumor type and overrepresented dog breeds. We further found that the most common scrotal testicular tumor was interstitial cell tumor, whereas Sertoli cell tumor was the most common in cryptorchid testicles.
RESUMEN
The frequency of instances of diseases of the digestive system has increased in recent years. The pattern of diseases changes: the pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract (gastroesophageal reflux disease, gastritis, duodenitis) is the most prevalent. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common, recurrent and comorbid gastroenterological diseases, with a prevalence of 30% in Western Europe and 10% in East Asia in the adult population. Evaluation of quality of life (based on the SF 36 questionnaire and Hamilton's scale of Depression and anxiety) is widespread and can aid in the choice of effective treatment for patients with combined pathology. We analyzed SF-36 questionnaires of patients with GERD only and GERD in combination with thyroid pathology (hypothyroidism). Patients were divided into two groups: the first group - patients with GERD (20 persons); the second group - patients with GERD and hypothyroidism (20 persons). The quality of life of patients from the second group was revealed to be low for such indicators as "physical and mental components of health", "social functioning". The intensity of pain in both of the two groups significantly limits daily activities of patients. The physical component of health in patients with GERD is 48.82%, and in patients with comorbidity - 39.21% (p≤0.05). A significant difference in the mental health component was observed: in the first group - 39.7%, and in the second group - 30.18% (p≤0.05). Patients with GERD suffer not only symptoms associated with erosive-ulcerative, catarrhal and/or functional disorders of the distal esophagus, but also neurotic disorders. Depression, memory impairment, attention disorders are more common. Thyroid dysfunction manifests with the psychoendocrine syndrome (depressive and anxiety-phobic disorders), therefore the mental health component of the quality of life of patients with GERD and hypothyroidism decreases. Patients with combined pathology of GERD and thyroid dysfunction should be examined not only by a general practitioner, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, but also by a psychotherapist because of pronounced somatogenic mental disorders. Treatment with antacids and drugs such as omeprazole, Cerucal, were less effective than when combined with psychotropic drugs: Sertraline 25-30 mg and hydroxyzine 12.5-25 mg per day.