[Can cross-allergic reactions to food antigens be the cause of recurrent pancreatitis in children with food allergies?].

Drug and food allergy in 80% of cases are the cause of duodenal inflammation disrupting the function of the pancreatic ducts. However, in some cases, elimination diet in patients with food allergy does not provide a sufficient effect. The article shows the effect of cross-allergic reactions on recurrent pancreatitis in 28 children with food allergy (mean age 11.7 +/- 2.9 years). As an additional diagnostic criterion the coefficient of degranulation of mast cell in the intestinal mucosa (the ratio of degranulated forms to granulated) was determined, through which the effect of cross-allergic reactions (between food antigens and drugs of animal origin) on the duration and frequency of exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis in children with food sensitization has been shown. The exception of enzyme preparations for children with sensitization to pork and exception of eubiotics prepared using sucrose-gelatin-milk medium for children with sensitization to cow's milk and beef led to feel better in a shorter time (2-3 days) and to reduce the frequency of relapses. Catamnesis observation for 3 years showed that the incidence of recurrent exacerbations of the disease in 11 children with excepted cross-allergic reactions in the first year of follow-up was 9.1%, in the second year--9.1% and in the third year--0%, while in control group (17 children) the frequency of exacerbations was respectively 23.5; 35.3; 35.3%. In patients of the main group there was a slight overall increase of mast cells in the intestinal mucosa from 211.7 to 230.2 mm2 (p > 0.05) with decreasing of degranulated forms from 163.6 to 138.71 mm2 (p > 0.05) and significant increase of granulated forms from 47.41 to 91.51 mm2 (p < 0.05), resulting in a significant decrease in mast cells degranulation coefficient from 3.2 +/- 0.62/mm2 to 1.24 +/- 0.26/mm2 (p < 0.0001). Thus, duodenal etiology of recurrent pancreatitis caused by exposure to food antigens or cross-allergic reactions can be diagnosed with an additional diagnostic criterion--the coefficient of mast cell degranulation, whose exponents greater than 1.5 indicate evidence of antigenic exposure to the mucosa of the duodenum and allergic inflammation.

[Allergic reactions to cereals in children with atopy].

Cereals are the necessary and the major products in the diet. The aim of the study was to determine the dependence of frequency of sensitization to various cereals in children with atopy upon the age and diagnosis on the basis of anamnesis, the results of elimination diets, skin tests and the presence of specific IgE antibodies. 416 children and adolescents aged from 6 months to 17 years with atopic dermatitis (n = 359) and asthma (n = 57) has been investigated. The frequency of sensitization to cereals in children with atopic dermatitis according to skin tests ranged from 31 to 43%. Expressed sensitization (skin test +++, ++++) on the large majority of groats did not exceed 3% and only on corn and barley, it took place in 5.8 and 3.8%, respectively, while 81% of these children data coincided with a case history. The percentage of severe sensitization in boys was generally higher than that among girls. The percentage of pronounced sensitization to cereals increased with age in patients with atopy. The reason why the frequency of marked sensitization to maize in asthmatic children older than 7 years reached 20% and in children with atopic dermatitis reached 7.5% at the age of younger 1 year and 7.7% at the age from 3 to 7 years, remains unclear and requires further study.

Morphological evaluation of cytoarchitectonics of aortic graft at the biotechnological stage with analysis of changes in laser-induced fluorescence spectra.

We performed a fluorescent microscopic examination of human and animal aortic grafts at different stages of decellularization. Treatment of aortic grafts with trypsin/EDTA solution for 48 h leads to their complete decellularization and preserved the connective tissue fiber backbone, which gains a netlike structure. The use of this protocol of decellularization leads to disappearance of subintimal calcium deposits in human aortic grafts. Differences in laser-induced fluorescence spectra of aortas before decellularization and at different stages of this process were revealed. Our findings suggest that the use of fluorescence induced by excimer lasers is promising for identification of the composition of biological tissues, analysis of their state, and the presence of changes.

Cardiomyocyte regeneration in pericicatricial zone of the myocardium after laser tunneling and implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells.

Using canine model of chronic postinfarction myocardial ischemia we evaluated angiogenesis and cardiomyogenesis after combined revascularization by laser tunneling of the pericicatricial zone followed by implantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells into the channels. It was shown that the numerical density of arterioles and capillaries considerably increased 1 month after revascularization. We also observed a considerable increase in the density of cardiomyocyte nuclei in the test area, a 2-fold increase in the total area of nuclei, and an increase in the mean area of cardiomyocyte nuclei. The number of PNCA-positive cardiomyocytes significantly increased after combined revascularization. Our findings suggest that combined revascularization of the pericicatricial zone of the myocardium promoted angiogenesis and stimulates regeneration of cardiomyocytes.

[Disorders of immune response in patients with chronic pancreatitis].

The growth of the number of chronic pancreatitis cases and also the frequency of complications make necessary the in-depth studying of the given disease. However, the questions of the change in local and systemic (general) immunity at patients with chronic pancreatitis remain still not investigated. We examined 70 patients with chronic pancreatitis during exacerbation and remission periods of the disease. The status of local immunity at the level of duodenum was examined as follows: we carried out the immunomorphometric analysis of cells of the proper tunic layer of the mucous membrane of duodenum and the analysis of the level of secretory IgA in duodenal aspirate. In order to examine the humoral immunity we determined the level of immunoglobulin of blood serum. For definition of bacterial overcontamination of small intestine the hydrogen breath test was carried out. The available data of comparative analysis state the decrease in parameters of the local immune response. We revealed the lowering of the level of secretory IgA in duodenal aspirate, the reduction in the number of mast cells, including their degranulated forms, in biopsy material of the mucous membrane of duodenum during the remission period of the chronic pancreatitis. However, no tendency to the change of the level of immunoglobulin in the blood serum was revealed. We can state the overcontamination of small intestine at more than a half of the examined patients.

[Clinical manifestations of cross-allergic reactions to food among children].

Scientists have recently studied the frequency and possible forms of clinical manifestations of cross-reactivity to food among 239 of Abakan at the age from 6 month to 15 years with skin, respiratory and combined manifestation of atopy It was proved that risk factors of development of cross-reactivity to food occur among 80% of children who have various forms of allergic diseases moreover the cross allergic reactions between the foodstuffs most frequently occur with the gastrointestinal and with skin forms of food allergy and the cross allergic reactions between the pollen and food allergens more frequently occut with the respiratory forms of atopy and dermorespiratory syndrome. Considerably more rarely this type of reactions is discovered between the epidermal and food allergens, which most frequently were revealed with the dermatorespiratory syndrome.

[Risk factors and etiological structure of children's cross-allergic reactions to food products]. / Faktory riska i étiologicheskaia struktura perekrestnykh allergicheskikh reaktsii na pishchevye produkty u detei.

Authors of article have recently analyzed the frequency of prevalence and risk factors of cross-reactivity to foodstuffs among 239 children of Abakan in the age of from 6 months till 15 years with skin, respiratory and combined manifestation of atopy. It was proved that risk factors of development of cross-reactivity to food among children of the first years of life are hereditary predisposition to allergic diseases (77.8%) and early introductions of supplemental feeding (44%). Among children older then 7 years pollen sensitization (62%) which preceded the development of cross allergic reactions between separate foodstuffs reaches up to 73.7%, between pollen and foodstuff up to 79% and between epidermal and food up to 10.1%.

[Mucous membrane of the jejunum in allergy to cereal protein]. / Slizistaia obolochka toshchei kishki pri allergii k belku zlakovykh.

Biopsies of the jejunum from 61 children, 6 months-4 years of age, including 35 with allergy to corn protein, 18 with celiac disease and 8 children without stomach and intestine pathology were studied. Biopsies were fixed in 10% formalin or in Carnois fixative, the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, 0.5% toluidine blue (pH 0.5), and immunoperoxidase method was used for revealing IgA. The structure of the mucosa was not changed in the allergic patients, the content of the granulated and ungranulated labrocytes was increased, their number being decreased in the elimination diet. The number of plasma cells was diminished, and in only few of them IgA was found in children with severe alimentary malabsorption. A selective deficiency of IgA was diagnosed which determines the therapy of such children. Hyperregenerative atrophy of the mucous membrane and predominance of degranulated cells over undergranulated were noted in celiac disease.

[The absorption function of the small intestine and the effect on it of diet therapy in food allergy in children]. / Absorbtsionnaia funktsiia tonkoi kishki i vliianie na nee dietoterapii pri pishchevoi allergi u detei.

Small intestine absorption function was studied in 46 children with food allergy basing on the results of D-xylose test and estimating protein absorption by blood serum ovalbumin assay in circulating immune complexes. Decreased carbohydrate and increased protein absorption was recorded in the small intestine of the patients and the normalizing effect of the elimination diet on these changes was shown.