RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a heterogeneous group of diseases, comprising seven categories. Genetic data could potentially be used to help redefine JIA categories and improve the current classification system. The human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region is strongly associated with JIA. Fine-mapping of the region was performed to look for similarities and differences in HLA associations between the JIA categories and define correspondences with adult inflammatory arthritides. METHODS: Dense genotype data from the HLA region, from the Immunochip array for 5043 JIA cases and 14â 390 controls, were used to impute single-nucleotide polymorphisms, HLA classical alleles and amino acids. Bivariate analysis was performed to investigate genetic correlation between the JIA categories. Conditional analysis was used to identify additional effects within the region. Comparison of the findings with those in adult inflammatory arthritic diseases was performed. RESULTS: We identified category-specific associations and have demonstrated for the first time that rheumatoid factor (RF)-negative polyarticular JIA and oligoarticular JIA are genetically similar in their HLA associations. We also observe that each JIA category potentially has an adult counterpart. The RF-positive polyarthritis association at HLA-DRB1 amino acid at position 13 mirrors the association in adult seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interestingly, the combined oligoarthritis and RF-negative polyarthritis dataset shares the same association with adult seronegative RA. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest the value of using genetic data in helping to classify the categories of this heterogeneous disease. Mapping JIA categories to adult counterparts could enable shared knowledge of disease pathogenesis and aetiology and facilitate transition from paediatric to adult services.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Juvenil/genética , Artritis Reumatoide/genética , Antígenos HLA/genética , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Complejo Mayor de Histocompatibilidad/genética , Factor Reumatoide/genética , Adulto , Alelos , Aminoácidos , Artritis Juvenil/clasificación , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Genotipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
The antigenic relationship between American and African isolates of Blastomyces dermatitidis was investigated through the use of the fluorescent antibody technique. Preliminary results suggest that the American and African isolates studies are not antigenically identical. The American isolates share antigens with the African ones; however, it appears that they also possess distinct antigens. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings and to draw any conclusion whether the African isolates represent a serotype(s) of B. dermatitidis or a distinct species.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Fúngicos/análisis , Blastomyces/inmunología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , África , Animales , Blastomyces/aislamiento & purificación , Reacciones Cruzadas , Femenino , Hongos/inmunología , Sueros Inmunes , Conejos/inmunología , Serotipificación , Estados UnidosAsunto(s)
Eucariontes/clasificación , Infecciones/veterinaria , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Bovinos , Enfermedades de los Bovinos , Técnicas de Cultivo , Enfermedades de los Perros , Perros , Eucariontes/patogenicidad , Humanos , Infecciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones/epidemiología , Infecciones/microbiología , Pierna , Labio , Ganglios Linfáticos/patología , Glándulas Mamarias Animales , Cuero Cabelludo , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/microbiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Infecciosas/patología , Especificidad de la EspecieAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Perros , Eucariontes , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/veterinaria , Animales , Enfermedades de los Perros/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Perros/patología , Perros , Eucariontes/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Mucosa Nasal , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/microbiología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Parasitarias/patologíaRESUMEN
Studies were carried out to develop fluorescent antibody reagents for the identification of the Prototheca species and for their differentiation from morphologically similar fungi of various genera in formalin-fixed tissues. Antisera against representative isolates of P. filamenta, P. moriformis, P. stagnora, P. wickerhamii, and P. zopfii were produced in rabbits. Antiglobulins, labeled with fluorescein-isothiocyanate that intensely stained most cells of the homologous species, were selected for use as potential diagnostic reagents. By adsorbing the conjugates with selected heterologous cross-staining protothecae, reagents that were both sensitive and specific were obtained. Evaluation of the adsorbed conjugates with sections of tissue infected with protothecae, sections of tissue infected with morphologically similar fungi, and cultures of protothecae showed that these reagents are useful for the rapid and reliable identification of the Prototheca species.