Darling, Come Lay with Me or Talk with Me: Perceived Mattering and the Complementary Association between Sex and Communication within Marital Relationships.

According to the theories on interpersonal mattering, reciprocal interactions and mutual engagements facilitate the formation of interpersonal mattering within relationships. However, the theoretical framework on mattering has rarely been applied to understand the roles of sexual and verbal exchanges within intimate relationships. To fill this research gap, the authors proposed that heightened perception of mattering captures the common mechanism through which both frequent sex and communication predict greater marital satisfaction. Building on this perspective, the study examined whether frequent sex and communication can compensate for the other in predicting marital satisfaction by sustaining the sense of mattering between spouses. Two survey studies were conducted using cross-cultural online samples (Study 1: Nkorean = 307 and NAmerican = 277) and a community sample of married dyads (Study 2: N = 286). Across these samples, the results demonstrated that the perceived sense of mattering to spouse mediated the effects of both sexual frequency and communication quantity on the couples' overall satisfaction with their marriage. Moreover, the results of the moderated mediation analyses supported the hypothesis that sexual frequency and communication quantity can moderate the effects of the other on marital satisfaction by providing a buffer on the couples' perceived sense of mattering to spouse.

Greater variability in daily sleep efficiency predicts depression and anxiety in young adults: Estimation of depression severity using the two-week sleep quality records of wearable devices.

Objectives: Sleep disturbances are associated with both the onset and progression of depressive disorders. It is important to capture day-to-day variability in sleep patterns; irregular sleep is associated with depressive symptoms. We used sleep efficiency, measured with wearable devices, as an objective indicator of daily sleep variability. Materials and methods: The total sample consists of 100 undergraduate and graduate students, 60% of whom were female. All were divided into three groups (with major depressive disorder, mild depressive symptoms, and controls). Self-report questionnaires were completed at the beginning of the experiment, and sleep efficiency data were collected daily for 2 weeks using wearable devices. We explored whether the mean value of sleep efficiency, and its variability, predicted the severity of depression using dynamic structural equation modeling. Results: More marked daily variability in sleep efficiency significantly predicted levels of depression and anxiety, as did the average person-level covariates (longer time in bed, poorer quality of life, lower extraversion, and higher neuroticism). Conclusion: Large swings in day-to-day sleep efficiency and certain clinical characteristics might be associated with depression severity in young adults.

Impact of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Cognitive Decline in Older Adults Without Dementia.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution control is necessary to decrease the burden on older adults with cognitive impairment, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). OBJECTIVE: This study retrospectively examined the effect of cumulative exposure to air pollution, including NO2, SO2, CO, fine particulate matter (PM)10, PM2.5, and O3, on cognitive function in older individuals. METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults who underwent the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) from 2007 to 2018 were included in the analyses. We excluded older individuals diagnosed with dementia at baseline, while those who had completed more than two MMSE tests were included in the longitudinal analyses. Baseline MMSE and changes in MMSE scores were analyzed according to 5-year average concentrations of the district-level air pollutants, after controlling for covariates associated with cognitive decline in older adults. RESULTS: In total, 884,053 (74.3±7.1 years; 64.1% females) and 398,889 (72.3±6.4 years; 67.0% females) older individuals were included in the cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, respectively. Older individuals exposed to higher levels of NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10 showed lower baseline MMSE scores. During follow-up, exposure to higher levels of NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10 was associated with greater decreases in MMSE scores in older individuals; for O3, the opposite pattern was observed. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that exposure to high levels of air pollutants can worsen the cognitive performance of older adults without dementia. Efforts to reduce air pollution in LMICs that have similar levels of pollutants to South Korea are necessary to reduce the burden on older adults with cognitive impairment.

Face-Based Judgments: Accuracy, Validity, and a Potential Underlying Mechanism.

Despite the pervasiveness of facial inferences, scholars have debated whether our face reflects valid information regarding how we actually behave. Whereas previous research has largely focused on the accuracy of facial inferences, the present research examined the validity of face-based judgments. Specifically, we tested how accurate face-based judgments are, whether the accuracy of and confidence in face-based judgments are associated, and what mechanisms potentially link facial appearance to behaviors (N = 1,386 American and Korean adults). We found that although face-based judgments could accurately predict someone's behavior (Study 1), participants' confidence about their face-based judgments was not associated with their accuracy (Studies 2a and 2b). Moreover, Study 3 demonstrated that the accuracy of facial inferences is possibly due to self-fulfilling effects of facial inferences. That is, accuracy is largely driven by perceivers' beliefs rather than by the direct association between faces and behaviors.

How COVID-19 affected mental well-being: An 11- week trajectories of daily well-being of Koreans amidst COVID-19 by age, gender and region.

The present study examined the daily well-being of Koreans (n = 353,340) for 11 weeks during the COVID-19 pandemic (January 20 -April 7). We analyzed whether and how life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect, and life meaning changed during the outbreak. First, we found that the well-being of Koreans changed daily in a cubic fashion, such that it declined and recovered during the early phase but declined substantially during the later phase (after COVID- 19 was declared world pandemic by WHO). Second, unlike other emotions, boredom displayed a distinctive pattern of linear increase, especially for younger people, suggesting that boredom might be, in part, responsible for their inability to comply with social distancing recommendations. Third, the well-being of older people and males changed less compared to younger people and females. Finally, daily well-being dropped significantly more in the hard-hit regions than in other regions. Implications and limitations are discussed.

Differential associations of age and Alzheimer's disease with sleep and rest-activity rhythms across the adult lifespan.

This study aimed to identify differences between physiological age-related and Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related alterations in sleep and rest-activity rhythm. All participants (n = 280; 20-90 years) underwent clinical assessments, [11C] Pittsburgh compound B-positron emission tomography, and actigraphic monitoring. In cognitively normal adults without cerebral amyloid-ß, older age was associated with earlier timing of circadian phase and robust rest-activity rhythm, but sleep quantity and quality were mostly unaffected by age. While preclinical AD was associated with earlier circadian timing, clinical AD exhibited later timing of daily rhythm and increased sleep duration. In conclusion, our findings suggest that older age itself leads to a more regular daily activity rhythm, but does not affect sleep duration. While preclinical AD made the effects of age-related phase advance more prominent, clinical AD was related to later circadian timing and increased sleep duration.

Individualism-collectivism during the COVID-19 pandemic: A field study testing the pathogen stress hypothesis of individualism-collectivism in Korea.

The pathogen stress hypothesis posits that pathogen-related threats influence regional and individual differences in collectivism since behavioral practices associated with collectivism limit the spread of infectious diseases. In support of the hypothesis, previous research demonstrates the association between individualism/collectivism and pathogen stress based on historical records or experimental manipulation. However, it is still unclear whether individuals would indeed value collectivism during the outbreak of infectious diseases. Thus, we investigated the concurrent effects of pathogen-related stress on the endorsement of individualism/collectivism by examining 9322 Koreans for 14 weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that the level of collectivism among respondents were higher after than before the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the average level of collectivism on a given day showed a significant association with the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases on the same day during the outbreak. Interestingly, individualism did not significantly change for the same period.

Within-person day-of-week effects on affective and evaluative/cognitive well-being among Koreans.

Day-of-week (DOW) effects such as "blue Monday," "Thank God it's Friday" (TGIF), and weekend effects have mostly been investigated using a cross-sectional approach with Western samples and focusing on hedonic aspects of well-being. Using large-scale data (N = 859,749) containing multiple observations per person collected from Koreans, we examined various patterns of DOW effects on comprehensive measures of well-being. Unlike previous studies, we examined DOW effects at the within-person level. Blue Monday and TGIF effects were evident across affective and evaluative/cognitive aspects of well-being, and the Thursday nadir phenomenon was also found. The DOW effects were consistent for the affective well-being, whereas no weekend effects were observed for the cognitive aspects, including life satisfaction and meaning in life. The DOW effects were moderated by gender and age groups, with younger people tending to experience more salient DOW effects and women identifying fewer benefits from DOW effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Decreased Alpha Reactivity from Eyes-Closed to Eyes-Open in Non-Demented Older Adults with Alzheimer's Disease: A Combined EEG and [18F]florbetaben PET Study.

BACKGROUND: The degree of alpha attenuation from eyes-closed (EC) to eyes-open (EO) has been suggested as a neural marker of cognitive health, and its disruption has been reported in patients with clinically defined Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. OBJECTIVE: We tested if EC-to-EO alpha reactivity was related to cerebral amyloid-ß (Aß) deposition during the early stage of AD. METHODS: Non-demented participants aged ≥55 years who visited the memory clinic between March 2018 and June 2019 (N = 143; 67.8% female; mean age±standard deviation, 74.0±7.6 years) were included in the analyses. Based on the [18F]florbetaben positron emission tomography assessment, the participants were divided into Aß+ (N = 70) and Aß- (N = 73) groups. EEG was recorded during the 7 min EC condition followed by a 3 min EO phase, and a Fourier transform spectral analysis was performed. RESULTS: A significant three-way interaction was detected among Aß positivity, eye condition, and the laterality factor on alpha-band power after adjusting for age, sex, educational years, global cognition, depression, medication use, and white matter hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging (F = 5.987, p = 0.016); EC-to-EO alpha reactivity in the left hemisphere was significantly reduced in Aß+ subjects without dementia compared with the others (F = 3.984, p = 0.048). CONCLUSION: Among mild cognitive impairment subjects, alpha reactivity additively contributed to predict cerebral Aß positivity beyond the clinical predictors, including vascular risks, impaired memory function, and apolipoprotein E ɛ4. These findings support that EC-to-EO alpha reactivity acts as an early biomarker of cerebral Aß deposition and is a useful measurement for screening early-stage AD.

Effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression in community-dwelling older adults: a randomised feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Although a focus on late-life depression may help preventing suicide in older adults, many older people, especially those living in rural areas, have relatively low accessibility to treatment. This study examined the feasibility and effectiveness of a village-based intervention for depression targeting older adults living in rural areas. METHODS: A community-based randomised pilot trial was performed in two small rural villages in South Korea. Two villages were randomly selected and assigned to the intervention or active control group; all older adults living in the two villages (n = 451) were included in the intervention program or received standard Community Mental Health Service (CMHS) care, and the effectiveness of the program was examined using representative samples from both groups (n = 160). The 12-week intervention included case management according to individual risk level and group-based activities. Healthy residents living in the intervention village who played major roles in monitoring at-risk older individuals were supervised by CMHS staff. The score on the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form (SGDS-K) was the primary outcome, while social network, functional status, and global cognitive function were secondary outcomes. Linear mixed models including the factors of intervention group, time, and their interaction were used to examine group differences in changes in primary and secondary outcomes from baseline to follow up. RESULTS: Overall, there was no significant group × time interaction with respect to the SGDS-K score, but older individuals with more depressive symptoms at baseline (SGDS-K ≥ 6) tended to have a lower likelihood of progressing to severe depression at post-intervention. The social network was strengthened in the intervention group, and there was a significant group × time interaction (F[df1, df2], 5.29 [1, 153], p = 0.023). CONCLUSION: This study examined a 12-week village-based intervention for late-life depression in which the CMHS helped village-dwellers deal with late-life depression in their communities. Although the intervention improved social interactions among older adults, it did not reduce depressive symptoms. Further studies including more rural villages and long-term follow up are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this prevention program. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT04013165 (date: 9 July 2019, retrospectively registered).

Age-related differences in the associations among at-risk drinking, alcohol use disorder, and psychological distress across the adult lifespan: a nationwide representative study in South Korea.

PURPOSE: To investigate age-related differences in the relationships among at-risk alcohol consumption, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and psychological distress with a special focus on older adults. METHODS: We used a nationwide cross-sectional study of a representative sample of community-dwelling adults from the Korean Epidemiologic Catchment Area study for psychiatric disorders conducted by door-to-door interviews. The Korean version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview was applied. Subjects were categorized into four age groups: young-to-middle-aged (20-54 years), near-old (55-64 years), early-old (65-74 years), and late-old (≥ 75 years). The associations among at-risk drinking, alcohol use disorder, and psychological distress were examined according to age groups. RESULTS: Among a total of 5102 individuals, half of them drank alcohol in the previous year, of whom 20.5% were at-risk drinkers (≥ 100 g/week). Older people were less often diagnosed with AUD than young-to-middle-aged adults with a similar degree of at-risk drinking. They were less likely to meet the DSM-5 AUD criteria in terms of social and vocational role disruption or creation of a physically hazardous situation. However, at-risk drinking showed a stronger association with subjective psychological distress in older adults, particularly in the near-old group (adjusted odds ratio 1.82, 95% confidence interval 1.09-3.03; p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the importance of screening for mental health problems in older adults, especially near-old adults, who drink more than 100 g of alcohol per week even when they do not satisfy the criteria for a diagnosis of AUD.

Decline in the Incidence of All-Cause and Alzheimer's Disease Dementia: a 12-Year-Later Rural Cohort Study in Korea.

BACKGROUND: There has been no study on the time trends of dementia incidence in Korea. We report the 5-year incidence and its correlates of all-cause and Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, and compared our results with those of a 12-year-prior cohort study conducted in the same area. METHODS: A total of 751 community-dwelling older adults were followed up for a mean duration of 5.4 years. The age-, gender-, and educational attainment-specific incidence of all-cause and AD dementia were reported as cases per 1,000 person-years. We performed univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazard regression analyses to determine whether baseline sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were associated with the risk of all-cause and AD dementia. A 12-year-prior cohort study was used for descriptive comparison to indicate the time trends of dementia incidence. RESULTS: The incidence rates were 16.2 and 13.0 cases per 1,000 person-years for all-cause and AD dementia, respectively. The baseline diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment increased the 5-year incidence of all-cause dementia by more than 4-fold. Old age and low baseline global cognitive function were noted as risk factors for both all-cause and AD dementia. CONCLUSION: Upon comparing the results with those from the earlier cohort study in Yeoncheon, the incidence of all-cause and AD dementia decreased by approximately 40% over 12 years; it has been mainly driven by the increase in the educational level of older adults. The declining time trends of incidence should be taken into account for estimating the future prevalence of dementia in Korea.

Investigating intraindividual pain variability: methods, applications, issues, and directions.

Pain is a dynamic experience subject to substantial individual differences. Intensive longitudinal designs best capture the dynamical ebb and flow of the pain experience across time and settings. Thanks to the development of innovative and efficient data collection technologies, conducting an intensive longitudinal pain study has become increasingly feasible. However, the majority of longitudinal studies have tended to examine average level of pain as a predictor or as an outcome, while conceptualizing intraindividual pain variation as noise, error, or a nuisance factor. Such an approach may miss the opportunity to understand how fluctuations in pain over time are associated with pain processing, coping, other indices of adjustment, and treatment response. The present review introduces the 4 most frequently used intraindividual variability indices: the intraindividual SD/variance, autocorrelation, the mean square of successive difference, and probability of acute change. In addition, we discuss recent development in dynamic structural equation modeling in a nontechnical manner. We also consider some notable methodological issues, present a real-world example of intraindividual variability analysis, and offer suggestions for future research. Finally, we provide statistical software syntax for calculating the aforementioned intraindividual pain variability indices so that researchers can easily apply them in their research. We believe that investigating intraindividual variability of pain will provide a new perspective for understanding the complex mechanisms underlying pain coping and adjustment, as well as for enhancing efforts in precision pain medicine. Audio accompanying this abstract is available online as supplemental digital content at http://links.lww.com/PAIN/A817.

A Multidomain Intervention for Modifying Lifestyle Habits Reduces the Dementia Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Single-Blinded Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

We aimed to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a multidomain intervention including intensive and maintenance programs for reducing the risk of dementia in at-risk older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥60 years) without dementia but having several risk factors for dementia (N = 32; 89% female; mean age±standard deviation, 76.8±4.7 years) were assigned to three parallel programs: intensive plus maintenance (INT+MNT), intensive only (INT-only), and active control. Subjects in INT+MNT and INT-only groups participated in a 4-week intensive group-based lifestyle modification program that focused on physical activity, vascular risk factors, dietary habits, cognitive activities, and social engagement. INT+MNT participants underwent an additional 20-week maintenance program to consolidate modified habits. The modified Australian National University-Alzheimer's Disease Risk Index (ANU-ADRI) score was used as the primary outcome measure for dementia risk. The changes in ANU-ADRI scores exhibited a significant group-by-time interaction: the INT+MNT group showed significant improvement at 24 weeks (ß= -6.05; SE = 1.86; p = 0.002), while the INT-only group did not. Additional exploratory analyses showed that the reduction in ANU-ADRI scores was caused by changes in protective factors rather than in risk factors. The INT + MNT group also showed greater improvement in executive function at 4 and 24 weeks (both p = 0.044), whereas changes in global cognitive function did not reach significance (p = 0.055). A 24-week multidomain dementia prevention involving a maintenance strategy for sustaining modified lifestyle habits reduced the risk of dementia and improved executive function in at-risk older adults.

An Examination of a Functional Mixed-Effects Modeling Approach to the Analysis of Longitudinal Data.

Growth curve modeling is one of the main analytical approaches to study change over time. Growth curve models are commonly estimated in the linear and nonlinear mixed-effects modeling framework in which both the mean and person-specific curves are modeled parametrically with functions of time such as the linear, quadratic, and exponential. However, when more complex nonlinear trajectories need to be estimated and researchers do not have a priori knowledge of an appropriate functional form of growth, parametric models may be too restrictive. This paper reviews functional mixed-effects models, a nonparametric extension of mixed-effects models that permit both the mean and person-specific curves to be estimated without assuming a prespecified functional form of growth. Details of the model are presented along with results from a simulation study and an empirical example. The simulation study showed functional mixed-effects models performed reasonably well under various conditions commonly associated with longitudinal panel data, such as few time points per person, irregularly spaced time points across persons, missingness, and nonlinear trajectories. The usefulness of functional mixed-effects models is illustrated by analyzing empirical data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study - Kindergarten Class of 1998-1999.

Exploring Cannabis-Specific Parenting as a Mechanism of the Intergenerational Transmission of Cannabis Use and Cannabis Use Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Parental cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a known risk factor in the development of adolescent cannabis use. One potential mechanism is parenting behaviors. This study considered cannabis-specific parenting strategies as a mechanism of the relation between parental CUD and adolescent cannabis use. METHOD: Pathways were examined using multilevel longitudinal mediation models (N = 363, mean age = 16.3 years) comparing adolescent offspring of parents who never used cannabis, parents who used cannabis without CUD, and parents with CUD. RESULTS: Parental cannabis use history did not significantly predict parental sharing of negative experiences with cannabis or parental strategies to prevent cannabis use. Cannabis-specific strategies did not successfully deter adolescent use. Parental sharing of negative experiences with cannabis use in fact predicted increased adolescent cannabis use. CONCLUSIONS: Cannabis-specific parenting did not reduce adolescent cannabis use, and sharing negative experiences was detrimental. Future studies should consider alternative mechanisms underlying the intergenerational transmission of cannabis use.

Personal resource profiles of individuals with chronic pain: Sociodemographic and pain interference differences.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have demonstrated important associations between personal resources and pain interference. Using latent profile analysis, the present study (a) identified subgroups of individuals with chronic pain who have different personal resource profiles; (b) explored sociodemographic differences among subgroups; and (c) examined how these subgroups differ in pain interference. Research Method/Design: Study 1 is based on daily diary and survey data from 220 individuals with fibromyalgia (FM). Study 2 is based on 4 annual surveys of 483 individuals with long-term neurological/neuromuscular disease or injury, and chronic pain. Modifiable personal resource variables including sense of resilience, social support, pain acceptance, and sleep quality were included in latent profile analyses. RESULTS: Three subgroups were identified in both studies: High, Moderate, and Low Personal Resource groups. In both studies, annual income level was significantly different among subgroups. Study 1 results showed a significant between-groups difference in pain interference across 21-days only between High and Moderate Personal Resource groups controlling for the level of pain intensity and depressive symptoms. In Study 2, however, all subgroups were significantly different with respect to their levels of pain interference at baseline over and above various covariates, with the Low Personal Resource group reporting the highest level of pain interference at baseline. These baseline differences remained stable over 4 years. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: The findings suggest a robust association between economic disparity and personal resource profiles among individuals with chronic pain. The role of different personal resource profiles in pain interference appears to differ by chronic pain condition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Nonlinear growth curve modeling using penalized spline models: A gentle introduction.

This didactic article aims to provide a gentle introduction to penalized splines as a way of estimating nonlinear growth curves in which many observations are collected over time on a single or multiple individuals. We begin by presenting piecewise linear models in which the time domain of the data is divided into consecutive phases and a separate linear regression line is fitted in each phase. Linear splines add the feature that the regression lines fitted in adjacent phases are always joined at the boundary so there is no discontinuity in level between phases. Splines are highly flexible raising the fundamental tradeoff between model fit and smoothness of the curve. Penalized spline models address this tradeoff by introducing a penalty term to achieve balance between fit and smoothness. The linear mixed-effects model, familiar from multilevel analysis, is introduced as a method for estimating penalized spline models. Higher order spline models using quadratic or cubic functions which further enhance a smooth fit are introduced. Technical issues in estimation, hypothesis testing, and constructing confidence intervals for higher order penalized spline models are considered. We then use data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study to illustrate each step in fitting a higher order penalized spline model, and to illustrate hypothesis testing, the construction of confidence intervals, and the comparison of the functions in 2 groups (boys and girls). Extensive graphical illustrations are provided throughout. Annotated computer scripts using the R package nlme are provided in online supplemental materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia: Modeling longitudinal change from 6 weeks to 2 years of age among low-income Mexican Americans.

Parasympathetically-mediated heart rate variability (HRV), commonly indexed via respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), is theorized to support the physiological regulation of emotion; however, little is known about the trajectory of change in resting RSA across early development among high-risk populations for whom emotion regulation is crucial. This study characterized resting RSA change from 6 weeks to 2 years of age among 312 low-income Mexican American infants. RSA was assessed longitudinally at 6, 12, 18, 24, 52, 78, and 104 weeks of age. On average, resting RSA increased as infants aged, and this change accelerated over time. There was significant variance between infants in resting RSA at 6 weeks of age, and in the slope, and acceleration of resting RSA change. Intraclass correlation among infants' resting RSA measures was minimal, indicating that resting RSA may not be "trait-like" during infancy. Results characterize early RSA development among a high-risk sample, which can inform theoretical understanding of the development of emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in a high-risk population, as well as efforts to promote wellbeing across early childhood.

The intergenerational transmission of cannabis use: Associations between parental history of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder, low positive parenting, and offspring cannabis use.

Parental cannabis use disorder (CUD) and low positive parenting (monitoring, support, and consistency) are risk factors for adolescent cannabis use. However, it is unclear whether parental cannabis use without CUD is sufficient to increase risk for low positive parenting and adolescent cannabis use. Additionally, parents may not treat each of their adolescents the same, and risk for adolescent cannabis use may increase as a result of low levels of positive parenting in families or low positive parenting unique to each adolescent. The current study prospectively tested low positive parenting as a mediator of the relation between parental cannabis use history (with parental cannabis use and CUD considered separately) and adolescent cannabis use at the family level and individual level. Participants were 363 adolescents from a multigenerational longitudinal study who reported on positive parenting when they were ages 9-16 (M = 11.6, SD = 1.40) and on cannabis use when they were ages 13-19 (M = 16.3, SD = 1.84). Parents reported on their own cannabis use and CUD. Results showed that parental CUD was associated with adolescent cannabis use (OR = 3.62, p = .047) but parental cannabis use without CUD was not, and only parental CUD predicted low positive parenting (B = -0.28, p < .05). Average levels of low positive parenting within a family partially mediated the association between parental CUD and offspring cannabis use. These findings suggest parental cannabis use alone may not impair parenting, but parental use that meets criteria for CUD does impair parenting. Additionally, average levels of positive parenting in families may be a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of cannabis use. (PsycINFO Database Record