RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Changes in behavior and cognition have been observed with disruption of the circadian rhythm. METHODS: This study examined the effects of time of day (TOD) on administration of Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSEs) in nursing home patients with dementia (patients) or functional psychiatric disorders (control), using repeated measures analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs). RESULTS: Controls (n = 34) scored significantly higher than patients (n = 38) on total MMSE and all subscales. Within the patients, men and women performed equally in the morning, but women performed marginally worse in the afternoon on total MMSE scores, orientation, and immediate recall and men performed significantly better in the afternoon. Within the control, no gender or time effects were detected. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that TOD had no significant impact on cognitive status in patients with dementia or patients with other psychiatric illnesses. No changes in activity timings are recommended in nursing home patients with dementia.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/fisiopatología , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Demencia Vascular/diagnóstico , Demencia Vascular/fisiopatología , Casas de Salud , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Cognición/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Recent research offers conflicting views of whether women high in dietary restraint are inspired or demoralized after viewing thin-ideal images. We conducted two studies to explore the impact of diet commercials featuring the thin-ideal image on snack food consumption. METHOD: In Study 1, 91 high school women watched a sad movie interrupted with diet or neutral commercials. In Study 2, 102 college women saw diet commercials early or midway through a sad movie. RESULTS: In Study 1, high restraint participants consumed more snacks after exposure to diet commercials than to neutral commercials. In Study 2, early commercials reduced snacking in low restraint women but not in high restraint women. DISCUSSION: Thin-ideal images embedded in diet commercials do not inspire high restraint women but can modify the eating of low restraint women.
