Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale.

Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0-30 cm) (11.33 g C m-2 yr-1) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by ∼8.99 ± 2.24% (1.37 ± 0.37 Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr-1) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr-1) account for ∼17.6%-24.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that ∼19.12%-19.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.

[Detection of Plasmodium falciparum by using magnetic nanoparticles separation-based quantitative real-time PCR assay].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a magnetic nanoparticles separation-based quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay for fast and accurate detection of Plasmodium falciparum and providing a technical support for improving the control and prevention of imported malaria. METHODS: According to the conserved sequences of the P. falciparum genome 18SrRNA, the species-specific primers and probe were designed and synthetized. The RT-PCR was established by constructing the plasmid standard, fitting the standard curve and using magnetic nanoparticles separation. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated. RESULTS: The relationship between the threshold cycle (Ct) and logarithm of initial templates copies was linear over a range of 2.5 x 10(1) to 2.5 x 10(8) copies/µl (R2 = 0.999). Among 13 subjects of entry frontier, a P. falciparum carrier with low load was detected by using the assay and none was detected with the conventional examinations (microscopic examinations and rapid tests). CONCLUSION: This assay shows a high sensitivity in detection of P. falciparum, with rapid and accurate characteristics, and is especially useful in diagnosis of P. falciparum infectors with low parasitaemia at entry-exit frontier ports.

[Clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma involving bone marrow].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and differential diagnosis of splenic B-cell marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) involving bone marrow. METHODS: The clinical and pathologic features of 22 patients with SMZL were retrospectively studied. Immunophenotypic analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangement study was performed using polymerase chain reaction-based method. RESULTS: Villous lymphocytes were found in peripheral blood smears of 11/18 of the patients. In bone marrow aspirates, lymphocytosis (> 20%) was demonstrated in 15 cases (15/18) and villous lymphocytes in 6 cases (6/18). Flow cytometry showed CD19(+) CD20(+) FMC7(+) CD22(+) CD10(-) CD2(-) CD3(-) CD7(-) in 18 cases. Bone marrow biopsies of all the 22 patients revealed various degrees and patterns of neoplastic infiltration, as follows: mild (4 cases, 18.2%), moderate (11 cases, 50.0%) or severe (7 cases, 31.8%); intrasinusoidal (16 cases, 72.7%), interstitial (14 cases, 63.6%), nodular (11 cases, 50.0%) or diffuse (1 case, 4.5%). Reactive germinal center formation (CD23(+) bcl-2(-)) was found in 2 cases (91.0%). Immunohistochemical study showed the following results: CD20(+) PAX5(+) CD3(-) CD5(-) CD10(-) cyclin D1(-) CD23(-) CD43(-) Annexin A1(-) CD11C(-) CD25(-) in all the 22 cases, CD38(+) in 2 cases (9.1%) and CD138(+) in 2 cases (9.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Different and overlapping patterns of bone marrow involvement are observed in SMZL. As the histologic and immunophenotypic features are not specific to SMZL, distinction from other types of mature B-cell lymphomas is necessary.

[Hematopathologic features of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the hematopathologic features of T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (T-LGLL). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of the clinical presentation, bone marrow morphology, immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor gene rearrangement status were performed in 19 patients with T-LGLL. RESULTS: Of 19 patients, the most frequent hematological abnormalities were anemia and neutropenia (16/19 and 17/19 patients, respectively). Large granular lymphocytes (LGLs) were observed in 17 of 19 peripheral blood smears and 15 of 19 bone marrow aspirate specimens. Lymphocytosis (> 0.2) was present in 17 of 19 patients in their bone marrow aspirate specimens. Bone marrow biopsy specimens revealed lymphocytosis in 16 cases, with a mild to moderate increase of lymphocytes observed in 12 cases (12/16). The pattern of lymphoid distribution was interstitial in bone marrow sections. Intravascular distribution was seen in 8 cases. Lymphoid nodules were present in 4 cases. Flow cytometery showed an immunophenotype of CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(+) CD56(-) CD57(+) of the tumor cells in 13 cases. Of the other 6 cases, the immunophenotypes included CD8(-) (1 case), CD56(+) (2 cases) and CD57(-) (3 cases). Immunohistochemistry showed CD3+ (10/10), CD57+ (3/3), CD8+ (6/7), TIA-1+ (6/7), granzyme B+ (4/7), perforin + (1/7), CD4- (4/4) and CD56- (9/9). Clonal T-cell receptor γ gene rearrangement by PCR was detected in 12 cases (12/17). CONCLUSIONS: Hematopathologic features of most T-LGLL are distinct. Morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis of both peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens are essential and complementary in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of T-LGLL.

[The role of bone marrow pathology in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of refractory cytopenia of children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of refractory cytopenia of children (RCC) according to WHO classification, and discuss the relationship between the cytology reviewed by hematologists and histology reviewed by pathologists. METHODS: We selected 50 non-severe aplastic anemia cases from 2007 - 2010 in our hospital and collected clinical data. Experienced hematologists and pathologists evaluated bone marrow biopsy and smear respectively. RESULTS: Of 50 cases, 23 were male and 27 female (M:F = 1:1.17), the median age at diagnosis was 9 years (ranged from 3 to 14 years). 5 patients had disagreement of diagnosis between hematologists and pathologists. In 3 cases hematologists diagnosed as aplastic anemia (AA) and pathologists as RCC, 2 cases vice versa. The final diagnoses of 50 patients reached consensus between hematologists and pathologists were AA 16 cases, RCC 34 cases including 8 refractory cytopenias with multilineage dysplasia (RCMD) cases. All 16 cases AA showed severe hypocellularity. Only 4 cases (25.00%) RCC showed severe hypocellularity, 19 cases (73.08%) RCC showed mild hypocellularity and 3 cases (11.54%) RCC were normal hypocellularity. CONCLUSION: Our results suggests that RCC was not rare in China. The main feature of RCC was dysplasia because of absence of increased blast. RCC was easily confused with AA. The main points of differential were present dysplastic changes of megakaryocyte best appreciated by the hematologists and morphologists and abnormal location of hematopoietic easily observed by pathologists. Overall, cytology and histology were complementary in the investigation of RCC and AA, because of sometimes one might give information that not be given from the other.

The impact of dietary iodine intake on lipid metabolism in mice.

The present study has been designed to investigate the impact of dietary iodine intake on lipid metabolism in mice, including iodine deficiency and iodine excess. Different amounts of iodine mixed in the drinking water were continuously administered to mice. The body weights and the levels of urinary iodine were measured 8 months after the treatment. Thyroid hormones in the serum were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined enzymatically by automatic analyzer. Results showed that the urine iodine concentrations paralleled the amounts of iodine intakes. No statistical differences of body weights among different groups were found. The levels of thyroid hormones were dramatically decreased in iodine deficiency while no significant differences were found between iodine excess groups and normal iodine group. In iodine deficiency groups, the levels of TG, TC, and LDL were increased at varying degrees. In iodine excess groups, the levels of TG in the male mice and the levels of TC in the female mice were much lower than normal iodine group. In conclusion, dietary iodine intake may affect the metabolism of serum lipids. Hypothyroid function induced by iodine deficiency may be responsible for the changes of lipids. Higher iodine intake might benefit lipid metabolism.

[Clinicopathologic features of aggressive natural killer cell leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (ANKL). METHODS: The clinical and pathologic features were analyzed in 10 patients with ANKL. The complete blood count, peripheral blood smears, bone marrow aspirates and bone marrow biopsies were studied. Immunophenotypic analysis was carried out by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. T-cell receptor (TCR) γ gene rearrangement was studied by PCR method. RESULTS: The most frequent hematologic abnormalities observed were anemia (7 cases) and thrombocytopenia (9 cases). Large granular lymphocytes were found on peripheral blood smears of 6 patients. In bone marrow aspirates, lymphocytosis (> 20.0%) was demonstrated in 8 cases and large granular lymphocytes in 6 cases. Bone marrow biopsies revealed various degrees of neoplastic infiltration, as follows: mild (5 cases), moderate (3 cases) and severe (2 cases). The neoplastic cells were mainly interstitial in distribution in 8 cases and diffuse in 2 cases. Hemophagocytosis was observed in 4 cases. Flow cytometry showed CD2+ sCD3- CD4- CD56+ CD57- in all cases, CD7+ in 9 cases, CD16+ in 5 cases, CD8+ in 4 cases and CD5+ in 1 case. Immunohistochemistry performed in 8 cases showed the following results: cCD3+ in 4 cases, CD56+ in 6 cases, TIA-1+ in 6 cases, granzyme B+ in 4 cases and perforin+ in 2 cases. PCR study revealed germline TCRγ gene configuration in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: ANKL is a highly aggressive NK cell-derived lymphoid neoplasm. Comprehensive morphologic, immunophenotypic and molecular analysis are essential in arriving at a correct diagnosis. ANKL needs to be distinguished from other types of NK-cell and T-cell lymphomas.

[Clinicopathologic features of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathologic features of lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas (LPL). METHODS: Routine histological examination was performed on hematoxylin-eosin stained sections of 24 bone marrow biopsies and available 6 concurrent lymph node specimens. Immunohistochemistry study was performed using EliVision methods. RESULTS: Among 24 cases, the male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1 and the median age was 59.5 years (42 - 75). The most common symptom was weakness (83.3%, 20/24). Hyperviscosity and "B" symptoms occurred in 20.8% (5/24) and 8.3% (2/24) respectively. 41.7% (10/24) patients presented with lymphadenopathy. Anemia, leukocytosis and thrombocytopenia were seen in 79.2% (19/24), 8.3% (2/24) and 37.5% (9/24) respectively. Monoclonal Ig light chain expression was detected by serum immunofixation electrophoresis in 23 cases (95.8%), including IgM (20 cases), IgG (2 cases) and IgA (1 case). Basing on the histology and immunohistochemistry findings, the diagnosis was made in 22 bone marrow and 2 lymph node biopsies, respectively. Histologically, the bone marrow and lymph node specimens composed of small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes and plasma cells. The most frequent pattern of bone marrow involvement was diffuse in appearance (63.6%, 14/22), while nodular and interstitial patterns were less common (22.7%, 5/22 and 13.6%, 3/22, respectively). Lymph node involvement was also to be diffuse in pattern. The proliferative cells expressed Pax5, CD20, CD38 and CD138, but were negative for CD5, CD10, CD23, CyclinD1, CD3, CD7 and MPO. CONCLUSIONS: LPL has distinct clinicopathological features. Histological and immunohistochemistry findings are important for its differential diagnosis with chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma, splenic marginal zone lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. Waldenström macroglobulinemia is LPL.

P-glycoprotein regulating biphasic insulin secretion in rat pancreatic beta cells.

BACKGROUND: A 65-kD mdr1 (multi-drug resistance protein 1, P-glycoprotein)-like protein has been suggested to be the regulatory protein to the chloride channel protein 3 (ClC-3) mediating insulin granules acidification and release in mouse pancreatic beta cells. But the protein has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we identified existence of the 65-kda protein in rat islets and preliminarily explored its biological functions. METHODS: Total RNAs of rat kidneys served as positive controls, and pancreas, islets and INS-1 cells were extracted for reverse-transcript PCR (RT-PCR), respectively. The cDNAs were run with specific primers selected from the mRNA of abcb1b encoding P-glycoprotein. All PCR products were visualized in agarose gel electrophoresis and sequenced. Homogenates of rat islets and INS-1 cells were applied to SDS-PAGE. P-glycoprotein was detected by a specific monoclonal antibody, C219. Biphasic insulin release was measured in static incubations of rat islets with radioimmunology assay. RESULTS: Compared with positive control, expression of the P-glycoprotein mRNA segments were detected in the islets, INS-1 cells and pancreas. Sequence analysis confirmed that the PCR products were matched with mRNA of P-glycoprotein. A 65-kda protein was recognized by the antibody in the islets homogenate but not in that of INS-1 cells in Western-blotting. Instead, the homogenate of INS-1 cells contained a 160-kda protein recognized by the antibody. Insulin secretion of rat islets were stimulated by high glucose (16.7 mmol/L), and showed biphasic curve during 60-minute incubation. After co-incubation with cyclosporine A (CsA), specific inhibitor to P-glycoprotein, the second phase of insulin secretion was reduced significantly while the first phase was not influenced. CONCLUSIONS: The 65-kda protein expressed in rat islets is most likely a mini-P-glycoprotein. It may play a key role regulating biphasic insulin release.

[Clinical significance of ZAP-70 protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features and prognostic significance of ZAP-70 protein expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL). METHODS: The histologic features of 52 cases of CLL/SLL with lymph node and/or bone marrow biopsies performed were retrospectively reviewed. Immunohistochemical study using EliVision for ZAP-70 protein was adopted. RESULTS: The lymph nodes of the 12 cases studied showed effacement of the nodal architecture and was replaced by a monotonous infiltration of small lymphoid cells. Among them, proliferation centers were identified in 6 cases. Similar morphologic pattern was seen in the 40 bone marrow biopsy samples, but no proliferation center formation obtained. The infiltration pattern of tumor cells in the bone marrow were further subdivided into nodular (n = 9), interstitial (n = 3), mixed (n = 9) and diffuse types (n = 19). There was no significant difference found on survival rates between the diffuse infiltration and non-diffuse infiltration groups (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.199). ZAP-70 protein was mainly located in the cytoplasm and nuclei of lymphoma cells. There were 21 cases (40.4%) positive for ZAP-70 and among them, 11 died of this disease or the related infections. On the other hand, ZAP-70 was negative in 31 cases (59.6%) and only 4 of them died of this disease or related infections. The overall survival in ZAP-70-negative group was higher than that of the ZAP-70-positive group (59 months versus 39 months, chi(2) = 6.991, P = 0.008). Follow-up information was available in 51 patients. Among the 21 dead cases, 15 died of CLL/SLL or the related infection. CONCLUSION: A positive expression of ZAP-70 protein in CLL/SLL suggests a poor prognosis.

[Clinicopathologic features of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified with follicular pattern].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified (PTL-U) with follicular pattern. METHODS: The clinical data, hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of lymph node biopsies and follow-up data of 18 cases of PTL-U associated with follicular growth pattern were reviewed and studied. Eight cases of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia were used as controls. Semi-quantitative observation by retiform micrometer rule was carried out. Immunohistochemical study was also performed in all cases. T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement studies were conducted by polymerase chain reaction-based method. RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 53 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.57:1 in lymphoma group. All of the lymphoma patients presented with superficial lymphadenopathy, with (8/18) or without B symptoms. Histologically, the lymphoma was characterized by follicles of various sizes and shapes. The T zones were expanded by medium-sized lymphoma cells which contained clear cytoplasm and irregular nuclei. Mitotic figures were commonly identified. Immunohistochemical study confirmed that the lymphoma cells were of T-lineage. The proliferative index, as highlighted by Ki-67, was higher [average = (38.24 +/- 13.42)%/mm2] than that in the control group. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was demonstrated in 71.4% (10/14) of the lymphoma cases. CONCLUSIONS: A definitive diagnosis of PTL-U with follicular pattern can be made on the basis of morphologic examination, immunohistochemical assessment and clinical features. Cases with atypical features can further be delineated by molecular analysis. Long-term follow up of these patients is prudent.

[Clinicopathologic study of 15 splenectomy specimens of patients with hairy cell leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the prognosis of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). METHODS: Fifteen splenectomy specimens of HCL patients were investigated retrospectively using HE and immunohistochemistry in correlation with the follow-up information. RESULTS: (1) The male to female ratio was 2.75:1, age ranged from 36 to 68 years with a median of 47 years. The most consistent clinical feature at presentation was marked splenomegaly (100%). Other symptoms included anemia (80.0%), thrombocytopenia (60.0%), leucocytosis (53.3%), pancytopenia (20.0%) and the absence of B-symptom. (2) The proportion of hairy cells was (14.6 +/- 7.2)% in periphery blood and (47.3 +/- 23.8)% in bone marrow. The positive rate of TRAP assay was 62.5% in bone marrow; 85.7% for TPA test and the detection rate for RLC was 25% by transmission electric microscopy. The frequency of bone marrow involvement was 100%. (3) The average weight of 15 spleens was (3012 +/- 1974) g. The size of 6 spleens ranged from 16 cm x 10 cm x 5 cm to 32 cm x 20 cm x 14 cm. The white pulp of spleen showed a characteristic atrophy feature or even absent due to leukemic infiltration, predominantly involving the red pulp with some sinusoidal pattern. "Blood pool" change was an infrequent feature (3/15 cases). The nuclei of leukemic cells were round (13 cases) or bean-shaped (2 cases), nucleoli inconspicuous or disappeared. The abundant cytoplasm and prominent cell border resulted in a "fried egg" appearance. By immunohistochemistry, leukemic cells were positive for CD45RA, CD20, PAX-5, CD25, CD11c, Annexin A1 and cyclinD1, but negative for CD3 and CD43. (4) 13 cases (86.7%) have been followed-up and all are alive. Among them, 9 cases are living well more than 5 years and 7 more than 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Splenomegaly is frequently the first manifestation of patients with HCL and occurred predominantly in the middle to elderly adults. Definite diagnosis of HCL requires a combined histological and immunohistochemical assessment of the splenectomy specimen, bone marrow biopsy and aspirate.

[The effects of iodine/selenium on the function of antigen presentation of peritoneal macrophages in rats].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of iodine/selenium on the function of antigen presentation of peritoneal macrophages in rats and explore the immunological mechanisms of iodine/ selenium's role in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD). METHODS: Female Lewis rats were randomly divided into four groups including (1) low selenium and normal iodine group (L(sE)N(I)) (2) low selenium and high iodine group (L(Se)H(I)) (3) normal selenium and normal iodine group (N(Se)N(I) ) (4) normal selenium and high iodine group (N(Se)H(I)). All rats were fed by a special diet with lower selenium and iodine in it and drunk ion-free water containing different levels of iodine and selenium for 3 months. Peritoneal macrophages of each group and OVA allergized T cells were prepared and cultured together. Then the function of antigen presentation were estimated by detecting the levels of IL-2 in the culture supernatant. The levels of the expression of co-stimulator CD86 in the spleen of each group were determined by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The level of IL-2 in the supernatant in N(Se)H(I) (43.22 +/- 3.27) pg/ml was much stronger than N(Se)N(I) [the level of IL-2 was (25.74 +/- 2.45) pg/ml, P < 0.05]. The level of IL-2 in L(Se)N(I) (15.79 +/- 2.13) pg/ml was significantly lower than N(Se)N(I) (P < 0.05). The expression of CD86 mRNA in N(Se)H(I) (CD86/beta-actin: 0.52 +/- 0.10) were higher than N(Se)N(I) (CD86/beta-actin: 0.35 +/- 0.04), P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: High iodine could promote the presentation function of macrophages to a higher state than normal. Therefore, high iodine intake might become an importantly inducing factor in thyroid autoimmunity. Low selenium could weaken the ability of recognizing and presenting OVA antigen of peritoneal macrophages which might destroy immunological homeostasis and thus the low selenium intake might also become an inducer of AITD.

[Clinicopathologic studies of 13 cases of chronic eosinophilic leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of bone marrow biopsy (BMB) in diagnosis and differential diagnosis for chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL). METHODS: Clinical and pathological features of thirteen CEL patients were analyzed retrospective. Routine histologic examination was performed on H-G-E, reticulin fiber and toluidine blue stained sections of plastic material emdedded samples of bone marrow biopsies. RESULTS: (1)The male-to-female ratio was 12:1. The median age was 40 (23-67) years old. They presented as fever, anemia, hemorrhage and so on. Most of organs and tissues were also be involved. (2) Peripheral blood counts characterized by eosinophilia (18.1 +/-16.2) x 10(9)/L, (3) BMB showed eosinophils were predominant components, others such as neutrophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes were decrease. Degree of reticular fiber was from (1+) to (3+). (4) Follow-up information was available in only 4 patients, whose conditions were stable. CONCLUSION: Combine with the clinical manifestations of CEL patients, it is important in diagnosis and differential diagnosis for CEL by observing the histomorphology features of bone marrow biopsy carefully.

[Effect on mouse S180 MDR tumour cell expression correlated factorial matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect on P170, LRP, TOPO II of S180 tumour MDR mice for matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang, and then discuss the molecular biology base for clinic. METHOD: 18-22 gramme mice were divided into four groups for normal S180 tumour cell group, matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiede Tang 100 mg x kg(-1) and 50 mg x kg(-1) in random. Each mouse was given S180 cell 0.2 mL by celiac, and after 24 hours give cisplatin for Injective 3 mg x kg(-1), ip, once a week. And give cyclophosphamide and 5-FU 3 mg x kg(-1), ig, once every day. After 15 days, collect lively mice ascites and give it for onefold normal mice. And then repeat before process. At the same time, every group was given corresponding medicine for 0.2 mL x 10 g(-1). The normal group and the model group were given the same cubage water, all together fore weeks. At last observd the P170, LRP, TOPO II by flow cytometry. RESULT: Matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang could obviously reduce the express of P170 and LRP, and the activiation of TOPO II. CONCLUSION: Matter by 70% ethanol with Huanglian Jiedu Tang can intervene the ocurrence of the multi-drug resistance of tumour cells by regulating the biology gene.

[Study of matrine's use on the reversion of obtained multi-drug resistance of mice S80 tumour cell].

OBJECTIVE: To Observe the effect caused by matrine's used on the reversion of obtained multi-drug resistance of mice S180's tumour cell induced by chemotherapy of Cisplatin + 5-FU + Cytoxan (PFC) and discuss its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Patterned the methods of PFC chemotherapy in clinic, the mice were given Cisplatim 3 mg/kg x ip once a week and Cytoxan, CTX and 5-FU 3 mg/kg x ip once everyday for 4 weeks to set up the mice models of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumor cell. At the same time, gave the mice models matrine 4 weeks, and observed the P170, LRP, TOPO II by flow cytometry. RESULTS: matrine could obviously reduce the express of P170, LRP and the activiation of TOPO II, correlated with mulit-drug resistance tumour cells which were induced by chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Matrine, with its adjustment of correlated biotic active matter, can intervene the ocurrence of the multidrug resistance of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy.

[Experimental study on effects of iodine deficiency and excess on thyroid autoimmunity].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of iodine on the level of CD4/CD8 cells and the production of thyroglobulin autoantibody (TGAb) and thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) in Wistar rats and to investigate the role of iodine in thyroid autoimmunity. METHODS: Rat models with different iodine intakes including low iodine (LI,), normal iodine (NI,), 5 times normal iodine (5HI), 10 times normal iodine (10HI), 50 times normal iodine (50HI) and 100 times normal iodine (100HI) were established. The amount of iodine intake per rat per day in every group was about < 1, 6.15, 30.75, 61.50, 307.50, 615.00 microg separately. The levels of CD4 and CD8 immune cells in peripheral blood were measured by using flow cytometry. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to determine the titers of TGAb and TPOAb in the serum. RESULTS: In peripheral blood, the level of CD4 cells in LI group was (57.9 +/- 4.3)%, being much higher than in NI group (51.2 +/- 4.9)%. When the level of CD8 cells in 100HI group was (18.4 +/- 3.1)% showing significantly lower than in NI group (26.5 +/- 4.1)%, thus making the ratio of CD4/CD8 cells in the above two groups (LI: 2.4 +/- 0.40 and 100 HI: 2.7 +/- 0.4) higher than in NI group (1.9 +/- 0.3). As comparing with NI group (2099 +/- 220) CPM, the level of TGAb in LI group (1510 +/- 221) CPM was significantly decreased; while in 50HI group (3986 +/- 286) and 100HI group (3550 +/- 378) CPM, the levels of TGAb were both increased, and the levels of TPOAb in 10HI group (2066 +/- 184) CPM and in 50HI group (2141 +/- 163) CPM were both distinctly lower than in NI group (2372 +/- 245) CPM. CONCLUSIONS: Iodine might exert influence on the level of CD4/CD8, and thus the production of thyroid antibodies might directly or indirectly take part in the process of thyroid autoimmunity. Both low iodine and 100 times normal iodine intakes might activate the immune state on some degrees. The effects of iodine on immune responses of TG and TPO antigen in thyroid autoimmunity might not be completely the same.

[The effect of tetrandrine on the expression of the P170, LRP and TOPO II in S180's tumor cell induced by chemotherapy in the mice with acquired multi-drug resistance].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tetrandrine on the P170 production expressed by multi-drug resistance gene, lung resistant protein (LRP), and topoisomeras II and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. METHOD: Cellular model of multi-drug resistance was established in S180 tumor cell by means of the scheme of PFC chemotherapy at the dosage lower than that with curative effect. P170, LRP and TOPO II were measured by flow cytometry after the mouse model was treated with tetrandrine for 4 weeks. RESULT: tetrandrine obviously reduced the enhancement of express of P170, LRP and the activity of TOPO II in the tumor cells with multi-drug resistance induced by chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Tetrandrine significantly inhibits the multi-drug resistance of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy via diminishing both the expression of multi-drug resistance gene and the activity of topoisomeras II.

[The study of tetrandrine on reversion of P170 and apoptosis of obtained multi-drug resistance of mice S180's tumour cell].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of tetrandrine on reversion of mice S180's obtained multi-drug resistance tumor cell induced by chemotherapy by PFC. And then discuss the molecular mechanism of it for the use of TCM in clinic to restrain the drug-resistant of chemotherapy, thereby improve the curative effect. METHOD: By the methods of less dosage of chemotherapy PFC, give the mouse cisplatin 3 mg x kg(-1) i.p., once a week; CTX and 5-FU 3 mg x kg(-1) i.g. four weeks, set up the mice models of multi-drug resistance of S180 tumor cell, and then observe the P170, Fas, CD54 and apoposis by flow cytometry. RESULT: Tetrandrine can obviously lower the express of P170 increase the express of Fas and the apoposis of drug resistant tumor cell. And at the same time it can obviously reduce the express of intercellular adhesion molecule (CD54). CONCLUSION: Terandrine, with its adjustment of correlated biotic active matter, can intervene the occurrence of the multi-drug resistance of tumor cells induced by chemotherapy.