The Influence of Presentation Frames of Visualization Information for Safety on Situational Awareness under a Three-Level User-Interface Design.

To explore the influence of the construction and presentation frames of visualization information for safety (VIS) on people's situation awareness (SA), we designed a three-level user interface (UI) of VIS based on the three-stage SA theory, including perception (SA1), comprehension (SA2), and projection (SA3). Then, 166 subjects were recruited and divided into three groups to participate in the experiment, in which SA was measured by the situation-present-assessment method (SPAM) and situation-awareness-rating technique (SART), and eye-movement data were recorded. The results show that the level-3 UI design could effectively improve the subjects' SA levels. Although the increase in VIS displayed caused by the higher UI level led to a decrease in the perception-stage score of SA, the level-3 UI fully considered the three stages of human information processing, and helped improve the SA of the subjects; the overall SA score measured using the SART method was not significant, but the result was consistent with the SPAM. There was a framing effect on the presentation of VIS, and subjects perceived different degrees of risk under different presentation frames; that is, less risk under the positive frame, more risk under the negative frame, and a higher level of SA under the positive frame compared with the negative frame. To some extent, the nearest-neighbor-index (NNI) algorithm could be utilized to quantify subjects' eye-tracking fixation mode. While the frames were guided by the high-level interface and the positive presentation frame, the distribution of the subjects' gaze points was more discrete; they could grasp the relevant information more comprehensively and had a relatively high level of SA. To some extent, this study can provide a reference for the design and optimization of the VIS presentation interface.

An Investigation of Employees' Intention to Comply with Information Security System-A Mixed Approach Based on Regression Analysis and fsQCA.

Employee security compliance behavior has become an important safeguard to protect the security of corporate information assets. Focusing on human factors, this paper discusses how to regulate and guide employees' compliance with information security systems through effective methods. Based on protection motivation theory (PMT), a model of employees' intention to comply with the information security system was constructed. A questionnaire survey was adopted to obtain 224 valid data points, and SPSS 26.0 was applied to verify the hypotheses underlying the research model. Then, based on the results of a regression analysis, fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was used to explore the conditional configurations that affect employees' intention to comply with the information security system from a holistic perspective. The empirical results demonstrated that perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy, and self-efficacy all positively influenced the employees' intention to comply with the information security system; while rewards and response costs had a negative effect. Threat appraisal had a greater effect on employees' intention to comply with the information security system compared to response appraisal. The fsQCA results showed that individual antecedent conditions are not necessary to influence employees' intention to comply with an information security system. Seven pathways exist that influence an employees' intention to comply with an information security system, with reward, self-efficacy, and response cost being the core conditions having the highest probability of occurring in each configuration of pathways, and with perceived severity and self-efficacy appearing in the core conditions of configurations with an original coverage greater than 40%. Theoretically, this study discusses the influence of the elements of PMT on employees' intention to comply with an information security system, reveals the mechanism of influence of the combination of the influencing factors on the outcome variables, and identifies the core factors and auxiliary factors in the condition configurations, providing a new broader perspective for the study of information security compliance behavior and providing some theoretical support for strengthening enterprise security management. Practically, targeted suggestions are proposed based on the research results, to increase the intention of enterprise employees to comply with information security systems, thereby improving the effectiveness of enterprise information security management and the degree of information security in enterprises.

Human reliability assessment of intelligent coal mine hoist system based on Bayesian network.

The human reliability of intelligent coal mine hoist operation system is affected by many factors, in order to reduce the occurrence of human error in the hoist system and improve the reliability of the system. The characteristics of phased-mission task operation of hoists is combined, the phase dependence of human cognitive errors is considered and, a new human reliability evaluation method is proposed with the help of Bayesian network (BN) model in this paper. Firstly, the phase dependence of human cognitive errors was analyzed based on the cognitive behavior model. Then the human error analysis in the hoist system was carried out, and several main performance shaping factors are selected. Secondly, BN was used to build the human reliability model of the hoist system at each stage. Finally, it is found that the phase dependence of cognitive errors has a negative impact on the human reliability of the hoist system through the case analysis. At the same time, several main performance shaping factors (PSFs)were quantitatively analyzed by using the reverse reasoning ability of BN, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed method, and provides a scientific and reasonable theoretical basis for the development of effective human error prevention measures for the operation of intelligent coal mine hoists.

An Investigation of the Effects of Brain Fatigue on the Sustained Attention of Intelligent Coal Mine VDT Operators.

Intelligent mines require much more mental effort from visual display terminal (VDT) operators. Long periods of mental effort can easily result in operator fatigue, which further increases the possibility of operation error. Therefore, research into how brain fatigue affects the sustained attention of VDT operators in intelligent mines is important. The research methods were as follows: (1) Recruit 17 intelligent mine VDT operators as subjects. Select objective physiological indicators, such as reaction time, error rate, task duration, flicker fusion frequency, heart rate, electrodermal activity, and blink frequency, and combine these with the subjective Karolinska Sleepiness Scale to build a comprehensive brain fatigue evaluation system. (2) According to the fatigue-inducing experiment requirements, subjects are required to carry out mathematical operations in accordance with the rules during the presentation time, determine whether the results of the operations fall within the [7, 13] interval, and continue for 120 min to induce brain fatigue. (3) Perform the standard stimulus button response experiment of the sustained attention to response task, before and after brain fatigue, and compare each result. The results show that: (1) When the standard stimulus appeared in the EEG experiment, the amplitude of the early N100 component before and after brain fatigue was significantly different. When the bias stimulus appeared, the average amplitudes of the P200 component and the late positive component, before and after brain fatigue, were significantly different, suggesting that the brain fatigue of VDT workers in coal mines would reduce sustained attention; (2) After the 120 min of the continuous operation task, the subjects showed obvious brain fatigue. The objective brain fatigue was followed by an increase in reaction time, an increase in error rate, a decrease in flicker fusion frequency, an increase in heart rate, an increase in electrodermal current, an increase in the number of blinks, and a larger pupil diameter, and both the subjective and objective data indicated more significant changes in the subjects' brain fatigue at the 45th and 90th min. The results of the study could provide insight into the reduction in operational efficiency and safety of VDT operators in intelligent mines due to brain fatigue and further enrich the research in the area of brain fatigue in VDT operations.

Effect of intracoronary nitroprusside injection on flow recovery during primary PCI in acute STEMI patients.

BACKGROUND: The no/slow reflow phenomenon during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) causes the destruction of the coronary microcirculation and further myocardial damage. Some studies have shown that intracoronary nitroprusside infusion is a safe and effective method for managing the no/slow reflow phenomenon. However, it is uncertain whether the injection of nitroprusside at a specific time point during PPCI can most effectively prevent no-reflow. In this study, we investigated the effect of the timing of an intracoronary nitroprusside injection on flow recovery during PPCI in patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: One hundred twenty consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent PPCI were enrolled in the study. Patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were randomly allocated to three groups: control group (N.=40) received no nitroprusside before they completed PCI; the second group (N.=40) received nitroprusside before balloon dilatation; and the third group (N.=40) received nitroprusside after each balloon dilatation and before contrast agent refilling. The baseline clinical variables and the details of the PCI procedure were collected. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grades and the corrected TIMI frame count (cTFC) were evaluated immediately after stent implantation was completed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics, antithrombotic drugs given before PCI, and details of the PCI procedure among the three groups (P>0.05). The incidence of TIMI grade 3 after PCI was significantly higher in the nitroprusside group than in the control group (P=0.025), whereas cTFC was significantly lower in the nitroprusside group (26.6±15.2) than in the control group (38.1±21.3, P=0.001). The incidence of TIMI grade 3 after PCI was significantly higher in the third group than in the second group (P=0.045), and cTFC was significantly lower in the third group (21.5±9.5) than in the second group (31.2±18.3, P=0.002). Multivariable linear regression analyses showed that the intracoronary nitroprusside injection time was a significant predictor of cTFC after PCI. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that the intracoronary injection of nitroprusside significantly reduced the incidence of no/slow reflow during PPCI. The intracoronary injection of nitroprusside most effectively prevented the no/slow reflow phenomenon when administered between balloon dilatation and contrast agent refilling during PPCI.

Open achilles tendon defects: a 12-year study on the injury mechanisms, reconstructions, and late complications.

BACKGROUND: Open injuries of the Achilles tendon, which can be complicated by skin and bone injuries, continue to be a great challenge for surgeons. This study aims to report our experience with treatment of open Achilles tendon defects, focusing on the injury mechanisms, soft tissue coverage and late complications. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 31 patients with open Achilles tendon defects between 1999 and 2011. The analyzed factors were injury mechanisms, surgeries, and long follow-up complications. The defect lengths of the Achilles tendons in the study ranged from 1 to 11 cm and the soft tissue defects ranged from 3 × 3 to 12 × 10 cm. Nine types of flaps were used for the coverage of concomitant skin defects. RESULTS: Motorcycle spoke injuries were the most common cause of injury. There was no complete flap loss or rerupture of the reconstructed Achilles tendon. At the latest follow-up, all limbs were preserved and all the patients had regained full walking abilities. The algorithm of one-stage reconstruction was established, according to the defect length of the Achilles tendon and the defect size of skin. Late complications included maximum dorsiflexion loss and failure of heel raising ability on the single reconstructed foot. CONCLUSION: Open Achilles tendon defects are characteristic of concurrent skin and bone injuries and the reconstruction protocols of the different tissues should not be separated.

Efficacy of combined vancomycin and fosfomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms in vivo.

Infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a life-threatening condition, and formation of biofilms can lead to treatment failure in a clinical setting. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the in vivo bactericidal effects of a combination of vancomycin (VAN) and fosfomycin (FOS) against MRSA in a rat carboxymethyl cellulose-pouch biofilm model. The results of the time-kill assay showed that the combination therapy was capable of killing at low minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) (½ × MIC VAN +1 × MIC FOS and 1 × MIC VAN + 1 × MIC FOS). In the in vivo study, a synergistically bactericidal effect was observed when using the combination therapy on MRSA embedded in the mature biofilm model. In comparison with the untreated control group and the groups receiving either VAN or FOS alone, the rats treated with combination therapy had lower MRSA colony counts in exudates from the pouch, lower white blood cell and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein (CRP) in peripheral blood. Furthermore, histological analysis of the pouch wall indicated combination therapy resulted in disappearance of biofilm-like structures, marked decrease in necrosis, and formation of granular tissue. In conclusion, the combination of VAN with FOS had a synergistic bactericidal effect on chronic MRSA infection embedded in biofilm, providing an alternative approach to treating this condition.

[Application of computed tomography angiography in visualize of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap transplantation].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and clinical significance of the computed tomography angiography (CTA) for the latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) flap transplantation. METHODS: From September 2007 to August 2008, 3 cases of soft tissue defects in limbs were treated with LDM flap transplantation. Three patients included 2 males and 1 female who were 23- to 42-years-old. All of soft tissue defects were caused by trauma. The locations were the forearm in 2 cases and the leg in 1 case. The area of defect was 17 cm x 8 cm-20 cm x 10 cm. All cases received CTA to observe the distribution and anastomosis of thoracodorsal artery. Subsequently, three-dimensional computer reconstruction were carried out to display the stereoscopic structure of the LDM flap and to design the LDM flap before operation. RESULTS: The anatomy characteristic of LDM flap can be displayed accurately by the three-dimensional reconstruction model. The distribution of thoracodorsal artery in 3 cases of flaps was in concordance with preoperative design completely. All the flaps were excised successfully, the area of the flap was 19 cm x 10 cm-22 cm x 12 cm. All the transferred flaps survived completely. All cases were followed up from 4 months to 12 months. The color and texture of the flaps were good. CONCLUSION: The three-dimensional reconstructive images can provide visible, stereoscopic and dynamic anatomy for clinical application of LDM flap. The digitized three-dimensional reconstructive models of LDM flap structures can be applied in clinical training and pre-operative design.