RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human health is determined by a number of physical, social and psychological factors, including the often considered health behaviors. They are an indispensable part of the health recovery process and are also the basis of prevention in the development of such disorders as atherosclerosis. Health behaviors are reinforced by an individual's resources such as positive orientation, which is composed of optimism, high self-esteem and satisfaction with life. The main objective of the study was to determine whether there is a relationship between positive orientation and health behavior, in a group of people with atherosclerosis. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: Sixty-one patients, both male and female, in late adulthood were surveyed (M = 69.41, SD = 5.44). A researcher-designed questionnaire, the Health Behavior Inventory (IZZ) and the Positive Orientation Scale (P-Scale) were used in the measurement. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the 2013 Declaration of Helsinki. RESULTS: The results showed that patients with a more positive attitude toward life are more likely to use health-promoting behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: There is a positive relationship between positive orientation and health behaviors. Positive orientation can be enhanced through appropriate psychoeducation and psychological support to prevent ill health and improve treatment of patients with atherosclerosis.
RESUMEN
The main aim of the study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Sports Anxiety scale-2 (SAS-2). The study covered 396 athletes, ages ranging from 18 years to 35 years. The task and ego orientation in sport questionnaire (TEOSQ) and State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used for validation of the scale. Cronbach's alpha for the somatic anxiety subscale was 0.88, for the worry subscale was 0.95, and for the concentration disruption was 0.86, respectively. The three-factor model and hierarchical model fits perfectly as CFI > 0.95, TLI > 0.95, and RMSEA < 0.08. Satisfactory results in measurement invariance show the use of the tool for any gender or athlete (high-performance, recreational) group. The internal consistency (α = 0.86-0.95) and the test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.87-0.90) were satisfactory. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between task orientation and total anxiety along with its three subscales, and a weak positive correlation between ego orientation and worry subscale. Meanwhile, a weak to moderate positive correlation was exhibited between total anxiety and its subscales with the STAI-T and STAI-S. Additionally, female, recreational, and female recreational athletes' groups had weak negative associations between worry and concentration disruption trait anxiety and task orientation, and a weak positive association between somatic anxiety and ego orientation.
