[Emotional disorders in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

The article presents an overview of scientific publications devoted to the study of epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestations and basic approaches to the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children. An analysis of the results shows a high frequency of comorbidity between ADHD and emotional disorders (anxiety) that determines the severity of the main clinical symptoms and leads to severe social maladaptation. Inclusion of anxiolytics and nootropics in treatment of ADHD is required.

[Panic disorder: clinical features and treatment approaches].

The paper reviews scientific publications on studies of the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, and main clinical manifestations of panic disorders and approaches to their treatment.

[Asthenic disorders in children and their differentiated treatment].

OBJECTIVE: To study clinical/psychological characteristics of neurasthenia and residual asthenia and to assess the efficacy of noofen and adaptol in the treatment of these disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 30 adolescents with neurasthenia and 30 with residual asthenia. The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), A.M. Vein questionnaire, Spilberger-Khanin questionnaire, The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) were used. Patients were divided into two equal groups (n=30), each included 15 patients with residual asthenia and neurasthenia. Patients of the first group received adaptol in dosage 1000 mg daily and patients of the second group received noofen in dosage 500 mg daily. The duration of the study was 30 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The significantly higher levels of fatigue, inattention and exhaustibility were identified in patients with residual asthenia. Adolescents with neurasthenia were characterized by higher anxiety. The higher efficacy of adaptol in treatment of neurasthenia (80% in adolescents with neurasthenia and 60% of patients with residual asthenia) was shown. Noofen was more effective in treatment of residual asthenia (66.7% of adolescents with neurasthenia and 86.7% with residual asthenia.

[Cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with protracted anxiety-phobic disorders].

AIM: To study cognitive and emotional impairments in patients with anxiety-phobic disorders (APDs), to comparatively analyze the clinical manifestations of acute (less than one-year) and protracted (1-to-5-year) forms of this disease, and to evaluate the efficacy of noofen used to treat this pathology. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Sixty-two patients aged 18 to 50 years with APDs were examined. The investigators collected clinical history data, performed neurological examination, and assessed autonomic disorders in accordance with the questionnaire to reveal their signs, anxiety using the Hamilton anxiety rating scale, memory impairment employing the methods developed by A.R. Luria, attention disorders applying the test of variables of attention, and diagnosed emotional intelligence using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso emotional intelligence test. Noofen 1000 mg/day was used to treat the patients. RESULTS: Protracted APDs were shown to be characterized by the higher degree of psychosomatic symptoms and by more pronounced impairments in attention, memory, and emotional intelligence. The data of posttreatment clinical and psychological studiesare indicative of improvements in 73.3% of cases. CONCLUSION: The findings may lead to the conclusion that noofen is highly effective in the treatment of patients with protracted APDs.

[Attention deficit syndrome in adults: clinical, psychophysiological features and treatment].

The authors present the results of examination of 34 patients, aged from 18 to 30 years, with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (ICD-10 item F90.0). The study has shown that inattentive type of ADHD is noted in 50%, combined type in 38.3% and hyperactivity/impulsivity type in 11.7% of patients. Adult patients with ADHD also have a high level of anxiety and asthenic disorders. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of adaptol in dosage 1500 mg daily during 8 weeks in the treatment of this group of patients. The high efficacy (improvement in 64,7% of cases) and safety of adaptol confirmed by the data of clinical, psychological and neurophysiological studies.

[Asthenic disorders and cognitive dysfunction in patients with tension headache].

The article is devoted to the study of cognitive dysfunction in patients suffering from tension headaches. Patients had attention and memory dysfunction, higher levels of anxiety, asthenia and subclinical symptoms of depression. The high efficacy of cerebrolysin in the restoration of cognitive dysfunction confirmed by the data of clinical, psychological and neuropsychological studies was shown.

[Power spectra of the main EEG rhythms in children with different types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder].

We investigated a group of children aged 9-12 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) combined type, have divided into two variants of the clinical picture of ADHD: residual-organic variant (ADH D RO) and idiopathic variant (ADHD RI). We studied the power spectral analysis in the main frequency bands in background EEG eyes closed and are open. The significant differences between both groups observed in the theta frequency band in the fronto-central and occipital leads. In the fronto-central leads of the cortex were the maximum values in the group of children ADHD RO, whereas in children with ADHD IR, the largest values of power spectra were in the occipital leads. Statistically significant differences in spectral power in the alpha range between healthy subjects and groups children with ADHD had not been received. Thus, our studies have shown that these two variants of ADHD have some neurophysiological differences that must be considered when choosing a treatment.

[Asthenic syndrome in patients with burnout syndrome].

The authors present the results of a survey of 103 patients aged 25 to 45 years with burnout syndrom. The results showed that most patients with the syndrome of burnout have clinical manifestations of asthenia, varying degrees of severity. According to psychological and psychophysiological examination in this group of patients were found attention and memory dysfunction. This study evaluated the efficacy of memoplant in the treatment of this pathology. The high efficiency of memoplant (improvement in 69.7% of cases) was detected, confirmed by the data of the clinical, psychological and neuropsychological research.

[Generalized anxiety disorder: psychosomatic aspects and treatment approaches].

Psychosomatic presentations of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and an estimation of efficacy of adaptol in the treatment of patients with this pathology have been studied. The results of clinical examination of 67 patients with GAD , aged from 18 to 45 years, are presented. Adaptol was administered in dose 1500 mg daily during 60 days in 35 patients. The improvement was noted in 68,6% of cases. The high clinical efficacy of adaptol and the absence of side-effects are reported.

[Chronic tic disorders in children and adolescents and their treatment with adaptol].

We examined 162 patients, aged from 10 to 15 years, with tic hyperkineses. Transient and chronic tic disorders were observed in 82 and 80 patients, respectively. The relationship of clinical features, frequency, psychological and encephalographic characteristics of the patients with age-at-onset was studied. The effect of adaptol on the course of chronic tic disorders was evaluated. In addition to our results reported previously for transient tic disorders, we demonstrated the efficacy of adaptol administered in dose 1000 mg per day during 60 days in patients with chronic tic disorders.

[Neurocirculatory asthenia: psychoautonomic features and treatment possibilities].

The authors present the results of clinical, physiological and psychological examination of 31 patients with neurocirculatory asthenia with arterial hypertension syndrome. There was an increase in the levels of state and trait anxiety correlated with a number of physiological traits that confirmed a leading role of psycho-emotional sphere in the formation of hypertensive reactions. An evaluation of the efficacy of the drug Adaptol used in daily dosage 1500 mg during 8 weeks in the treatment of these patients revealed its high efficacy (the improvement was seen in 74% of cases) confirmed by the data of clinical and psychological studies.

[Efficacy of cortexin in the treatment of memory disorders in children].

Children, aged from 7 to 12 years, with memory disorders were treated with cortexin (30 patients) and encephabol (30 patients). The comparative evaluation of efficacy and safety of these drugs was carried out. The higher cortexin efficacy (the improvement in 86.7% of cases) in comparison with encephabol (the improvement in 63.3% of cases) confirmed by the data of neuropsychological and neurophysiological research is established.

[Clinical and neurophysiological study of the efficacy of adaptol in the treatment of emotional burn-out].

The study aimed at therapeutic effect of adaptol on burn-out syndrome. Authors examined 32 patients aged from 25 to 45 years. Adaptol was prescribed in day dose 1500 mg during 60 days. Clinical, psychological and electroencephalographic study (EEG) was conducted before and after the treatment course. The data of adaptol positive influence on the basic clinical symptoms (reduction of asthenic and anxiety scores) is obtained. The analysis of EEG results allows to draw conclusions on normalisation of brain functional activity after therapy.

[Asthenic disorders in children].

The present study comprised two parts. In the first part, authors attempted to work out the systematics of asthenic disorders based on our own observations of 189 children aged 7-14 years. The following clinical variants of asthenic states in children were singled out: cerebrogenic asthenia (14.3%), somatogenic (13.8%), residual (16.4%), dysontogenetic (20.1%) and neurasthenia (35.4%). In the second part, we summarized the results of treatment of neurasthenia with adaptol (32 patients) compared to pantoham (30 patients). The efficacy of adaptol was higher: the improvement was seen in 71.9% of cases compared to pantoham (56.7%). The good tolerability of adaptol which clinical efficacy is confirmed by neurophysiological and psychological studies is discussed.

[Headaches of tension: clinical-psychological variants and perspectives of therapy].

We examined 72 patients with headache of tension (HAT), 56 women and 16 men, aged from 18 to 45 years (mean age 32,7+/-8,5 years). Frequent HAT was diagnosed in 48 cases and chronic HAT - in 24 cases. Clinical-psychological and electroencephalographic study was conducted before and after the treatment with adaptol. The results were compared to those of the control group. This group included 30 patients treated with alprazolam. Two clinical variants of the disease were singled out: asthenic (25 patients) and anxiety (47 patients). The correctness of the identification was confirmed by electroencephalographic data. The higher efficacy of adaptol was noted in frequent HAT. During the treatment, there was the reduction of severity of cephalgia syndrome and of anxiety and asthenic scores as well, while depression scores did not change. Adaptol was more effective compared to alprazolam.

[Adaptol in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children with school maladaptation].

We examined 336 children, aged 7-14 years, with signs of school maladaptation (SM). Anxiety disorders were found in 167 (49.7%), including generalized anxiety disorder - 87 children (25.9%), phobic disorder - 40 children (11.3%), anxiety disorder - 14 (4.2%), social anxiety disorder - 26 (7.7%). These indices differed significantly from those in the comparison group of children without SM. The children with generalized anxiety disorder were treated with adaptol (1000 mg/d during 30 days). The clinical and psychological examination revealed the high efficacy of this drug. Adaptol was well-tolerated, with no side-effects observed.