RESUMEN
Background: Biomarkers have been extensively studied and used in the diagnosis and management of various diseases. The trend of biomarkers helps in prognosticating and managing critically ill patients. In resource-limited settings, the availability and feasibility of using these biomarkers are challenging.Our study aimed to see the trend of biomarkers and their effect on intensive care unit (ICU) mortality in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was done from 1 April 2020 to 30 September 2020. The primary objective was to evaluate the trend of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and their effect on ICU mortality. The secondary objectives were the duration of mechanical ventilation and length of ICU stay. Results: A total of 380 patients were included. The mean age was 54.9 (SD = 11.1) and 67% were males. The mean age, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score was 29.54 (5.8). Among the biomarkers, total count (TC), ferritin, and procalcitonin (PCT) were higher in non-survivors than in survivors in bivariate analysis. The final multivariable logistic regression model showed age, APACHE II score, length of ICU stay, neutrophil:lymphocyte (NL) ratio, and ferritin as covariates. Among these variables, ferritin was the only biomarker [odds ratio (OR): 1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-2.77] with the APACHE II score (OR: 1.15, 95% CI 1.01-1.30) found to be significant. Conclusion: Ferritin was the only significant biomarker with higher values in non-survivors than in survivors. The trend of biomarkers was not found to be useful in predicting outcome of the patients. How to cite this article: Havaldar AA, Lobo V, Sushmitha EAC, Kumar VM, Raj JM, Thomas T. Role of Biomarkers and Its Trend to Predict the Outcome of COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(9):1031-1035.
RESUMEN
Background: Emergency authorization and approval were given for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines. The efficacy reported after phase III trials were 70.4% and 78% for Covishield and Covaxin, respectively.In this study, we aim to analyze the risk factors, which were associated with mortality in critically ill COVID-19-vaccinated patients admitted into intensive care unit (ICU). Materials and methods: This study was conducted from April 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 across five centers in India. Patients who had received either one or two doses of any of the COVID vaccines and developed COVID-19 were included. The ICU mortality was a primary outcome. Results: A total of 174 patients with COVID-19 illness were included in the study. The mean age was 57 years standard deviation (SD 15). Acute physiology, age and chronic health evaluation (APACHE II) score and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score were 14 (8-24.5) and 6 (4-8), respectively. Multiple variable logistic regression showed patients who have received a single dose [odds ratio (OR): 2.89, confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 7.08], neutrophil:lymphocyte (NL) ratio (OR: 1.07, CI: 1.02,1.11), and SOFA score (OR: 1.18, CI: 1.03,1.36) were associated with higher mortality. Conclusion: The mortality in the vaccinated patients admitted to the ICU was 43.68% due to COVID illness. The mortality was lower in patients who had received two doses. How to cite this article: Havaldar AA, Prakash J, Kumar S, Sheshala K, Chennabasappa A, Thomas RR et al. Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19-vaccinated Patients Admitted to ICU: A Multicenter Cohort Study from India (PostCoVac Study-COVID Group). Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(11):1184-1191.
