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1.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces ; 16(21): 27596-27604, 2024 May 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38760008

RESUMEN

Carbon nanotube (CNT) films are extensively researched as a promising material for wearable thermoelectric generators (TEGs) owing to their good flexibility and high thermoelectric conversion ability. Miniaturizing a pair of p- and n-type thermocouples and increasing the number of repeating elements can effectively increase the power of TEGs. However, conventional p-n patterning methods, such as dipping and printing, have a coarse resolution at the submillimeter level, thereby limiting the miniaturization rate. This study developed an aerosol doping system as a fine n-doping method. A dopant aerosol with a <3 µm diameter was formed through ultrasonic nebulization and air separation, while n-doping was achieved by exposing the CNT film to the dopant aerosol. Microscale p-n patterning of 1 µm was achieved through exposure using small-sized aerosols at an exceptionally slow rate of 3 Å/min. This resolution is 100 times higher than those of conventional p-n patterning methods. The developed aerosol doping system for CNTs can also be used on organic semiconductor materials, such as PEDOT/PSS and perovskite materials. Therefore, it has the potential to significantly impact the realization of Internet of Things (IoT) terminals, such as flexible TEGs, transistors, and solar cells.

2.
BMJ Open ; 14(2): e080298, 2024 Feb 19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38373859

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use is recommended for persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn in term and late preterm infants. Recently, iNO therapy to prevent bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or rescue for hypoxic respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension secondary to BPD has increasingly been used in preterm infants after 7 days of postnatal age (in the postacute phase), despite its off-label use. However, the initiation criteria of iNO therapy for preterm infants in the postacute phase are varied. The aim of this scoping review is to identify the clinical and/or echo findings at the initiation of iNO therapy in preterm infants in the postacute phase. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will search PubMed, Embase and the Japanese database 'Ichushi.' The following studies will be included in the review: randomised controlled trials, prospective/retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies and case series on iNO therapy for preterm infants in the postacute phase; studies published between January 2003 and August 2023; studies conducted in developed countries and studies written in English or Japanese. We will independently screen, extract and chart data using the population-concept-context framework following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. We will summarise the characteristics and findings of the included studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Obtaining an institutional review board approval is not required because of the nature of this review. A final report of review findings will be published and disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000051498.


Asunto(s)
Displasia Broncopulmonar , Hipertensión Pulmonar , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Óxido Nítrico/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios Prospectivos , Administración por Inhalación , Incidencia , Vasodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Hemorragia Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Displasia Broncopulmonar/prevención & control , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto
3.
Allergol Int ; 73(3): 422-427, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38302328

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The association between pet exposure in infancy, early childhood eczema, and FLG mutations remains unclear. METHODS: This was a birth cohort study performed in Tokyo, Japan. The primary outcome was current eczema based on questionnaire responses collected repeatedly from birth to 5 years of age. Generalized estimating equations and generalized linear modeling were used to evaluate the association. RESULTS: Data from 1448 participants were used for analyses. Household dog ownership during gestation, early infancy, and 18 months of age significantly reduced the risk of current eczema. Household cat ownership also reduced the risk of current eczema, albeit without statistical significance. The combined evaluation of children from households with pets, be it cats, dogs or both, the risk of current eczema at 1-5 years of age was lower in those with household pet exposure ownership during gestation (RR = 0.59, 95 % CI 0.45-0.77) and at 6 months (RR = 0.49, 95 % CI 0.36-0.68). , Reduced risks of eczema were also observed at 2-5 (RR = 0.52, 95 % CI 0.37-0.73) and 3-5 years of age (RR = 0.50 95 % CI 0.35-0.74) when the respective household pet ownership were evaluated at 18 months and 3 years of age. These protective associations of reduced risk of eczema were only observed in children without FLG mutations. CONCLUSIONS: Household dog and pet (dog, cat, or both) ownership was protective against early childhood eczema in a birth cohort dataset. This protective association was observed only in children without FLG mutations, which should be confirmed in studies with larger cohorts.


Asunto(s)
Eccema , Proteínas Filagrina , Mascotas , Humanos , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/genética , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Prevalencia , Lactante , Preescolar , Proteínas de Filamentos Intermediarios/genética , Mutación con Pérdida de Función , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Recién Nacido , Gatos , Estudios de Cohortes , Propiedad , Japón/epidemiología , Perros , Composición Familiar
4.
Dev Dyn ; 253(3): 283-295, 2024 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37732630

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although vertebrae are the defining character of vertebrates, they are found only in rudimentary form in extant agnathans. In addition, the vertebrae of agnathans possess several unique features, such as elastin-like molecules as the main matrix component and late (post-metamorphosis) differentiation of lamprey vertebrae. In this study, by tracing the developmental process of vertebrae in lamprey, we examined the homology of vertebrae between lampreys and gnathostomes. RESULTS: We found that the lamprey somite is first subdivided mediolaterally, with myotome cells differentiating medially and non-myotome cells emerging laterally. Subsequently, collagen-positive non-myotome cells surround the myotome. This pattern of somitogenesis is rather similar to that in amphioxi and sheds doubt on the presence of a sclerotome, in terms of mesenchyme cells induced by a signal from the notochord, in lamprey. Further tracing of non-myotome cell development revealed that fin cartilage develops in ammocoete larvae approximately 35 mm in body length. The development of the fin cartilage occurs much earlier than that of the vertebra whose development proceeds during metamorphosis. CONCLUSION: We propose that the homology of vertebrae between agnathans and gnathostomes should be discussed carefully, because the developmental process of the lamprey vertebra is different from that of gnathostomes.


Asunto(s)
Sistema Musculoesquelético , Animales , Columna Vertebral , Esqueleto , Lampreas , Vertebrados
5.
Anat Rec (Hoboken) ; 307(1): 155-171, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36958942

RESUMEN

Hagfish (Myxinoidea) are a deep-sea taxon of cyclostomes, the extant jawless vertebrates. Many researchers have examined the anatomy and embryology of hagfish to shed light on the early evolution of vertebrates; however, the diversity within hagfish is often overlooked. Hagfish have three lineages, Myxininae, Eptatretinae, and Rubicundinae. Usually, textbook illustrations of hagfish anatomy reflect the morphology of the Myxininae lineage, especially Myxine glutinosa, with its single pair of external branchial pores. Here, we instead report the gross anatomy of an Eptatretinae, Eptatretus burgeri, which has six pairs of branchial pores, especially focusing on the coelomic organs. Dissections were performed on fixed and unfixed specimens to provide a guide for those doing organ- or tissue-specific molecular experiments. Our dissections revealed that the ventral aorta is Y-branched in E. burgeri, which differs from the unbranched morphology of Myxine. Otherwise, there were no differences in the morphology of the lingual apparatus or heart in the pharyngeal domain. The thyroid follicles were scattered around the ventral aorta, as has been reported for adult lampreys. The hepatobiliary system more closely resembled those of jawed vertebrates than those of adult lampreys, with the liver having two lobes and a bile duct connecting the gallbladder to each lobe. Overall, the visceral morphology of E. burgeri does not differ significantly from that of the known Myxine at the level of gross anatomy, although the branchial morphology is phylogenetically ancestral compared to Myxine.


Asunto(s)
Anguila Babosa , Animales , Filogenia , Anguila Babosa/anatomía & histología , Vísceras , Vertebrados
6.
Zoological Lett ; 9(1): 23, 2023 Dec 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38049907

RESUMEN

The evolutionary origin of the jaw remains one of the most enigmatic events in vertebrate evolution. The trigeminal nerve is a key component for understanding jaw evolution, as it plays a crucial role as a sensorimotor interface for the effective manipulation of the jaw. This nerve is also found in the lamprey, an extant jawless vertebrate. The trigeminal nerve has three major branches in both the lamprey and jawed vertebrates. Although each of these branches was classically thought to be homologous between these two taxa, this homology is now in doubt. In the present study, we compared expression patterns of Hmx, a candidate genetic marker of the mandibular nerve (rV3, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve in jawed vertebrates), and the distribution of neuronal somata of trigeminal nerve branches in the trigeminal ganglion in lamprey and shark. We first confirmed the conserved expression pattern of Hmx1 in the shark rV3 neuronal somata, which are distributed in the caudal part of the trigeminal ganglion. By contrast, lamprey Hmx genes showed peculiar expression patterns, with expression in the ventrocaudal part of the trigeminal ganglion similar to Hmx1 expression in jawed vertebrates, which labeled the neuronal somata of the second branch. Based on these results, we propose two alternative hypotheses regarding the homology of the trigeminal nerve branches, providing new insights into the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate jaw.

7.
Front Cell Dev Biol ; 11: 1298486, 2023.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37965576

RESUMEN

Animals constantly redirect their gaze away or towards relevant targets and, besides these goal-oriented responses, stabilizing movements clamp the visual scene avoiding image blurring. The vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and the optokinetic reflexes are the main contributors to gaze stabilization, whereas the optic tectum integrates multisensory information and generates orienting/evasive gaze movements in all vertebrates. Lampreys show a unique stepwise development of the visual system whose understanding provides important insights into the evolution and development of vertebrate vision. Although the developmental emergence of the visual components, and the retinofugal pathways have been described, the functional development of the visual system and the development of the downstream pathways controlling gaze are still unknown. Here, we show that VOR followed by light-evoked eye movements are the first to appear already in larvae, despite their burrowed lifestyle. However, the circuits controlling goal-oriented responses emerge later, in larvae in non-parasitic lampreys but during late metamorphosis in parasitic lampreys. The appearance of stabilizing responses earlier than goal-oriented in the lamprey development shows a stepwise transition from simpler to more complex visual systems, offering a unique opportunity to isolate the functioning of their underlying circuits.

8.
Adv Mater ; : e2304048, 2023 Jul 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37403808

RESUMEN

The integration of flexible electronics with optics can help realize a powerful tool that facilitates the creation of a smart society wherein internal evaluations can be easily performed nondestructively from the surface of various objects that is used or encountered in daily lives. Here, organic-material-based stretchable optical sensors and imagers that possess both bending capability and rubber-like elasticity are reviewed. The latest trends in nondestructive evaluation equipment that enable simple on-site evaluations of health conditions and abnormalities are discussed without subjecting the targeted living bodies and various objects to mechanical stress. Real-time performance under real-life conditions is becoming increasingly important for creating smart societies interwoven with optical technologies. In particular, the terahertz (THz)-wave region offers a substance- and state-specific fingerprint spectrum that enables instantaneous analyses. However, to make THz sensors accessible, the following issues must be addressed: broadband and high-sensitivity at room temperature, stretchability to follow the surface movements of targets, and digital transformation compatibility. The materials, electronics packaging, and remote imaging systems used to overcome these issues are discussed in detail. Ultimately, stretchable optical sensors and imagers with highly sensitive and broadband THz sensors can facilitate the multifaceted on-site evaluation of solids, liquids, and gases.

9.
JMIR Res Protoc ; 12: e45178, 2023 Apr 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37014674

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Women often experience many unique health issues and conditions throughout their working lives. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated digital devices that can enable data exchanges over a network without human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. The usage of applications and IoT in improving women's health has recently increased worldwide. However, there has been no consensus on the effectiveness of IoT in improving women's health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) aims to assess and synthesize the role of apps and the IoT in improving women's health and to identify the ranking of interventions for ensuring better results for each stated outcome. METHODS: Our systematic review and NMA will be conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Cochrane Handbook. We will comprehensively search the following electronic databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (ie, CINAHL), PsycINFO, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry, along with other resources to identify relevant randomized controlled trials that have assessed the effects of various apps and the IoT with regard to improving working-aged women's health in high-income countries. We will segment and analyze the results of the included studies based on age categories (women undergoing a preconception period, those undergoing gestational and postpartum periods, and menopausal and pre- and postmenopausal women) and the medical history (women who have a specific medical condition-eg, cancer or diabetes-and women who do not have them) separately. Two independent reviewers will perform the study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Our primary outcomes include health status, well-being, and quality of life. We will perform pairwise meta-analysis and NMA to estimate the direct, indirect, and relative effects of apps and the IoT on women's health outcomes. We will also assess the hierarchy of interventions, statistical inconsistencies, and certainties of evidence for each outcome. RESULTS: We plan to conduct the search in January 2023 and are currently discussing search strategies with the literature search specialists. The final report is planned for submission to a peer-reviewed journal in September 2023. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this review will be the first to identify the ranking of IoT intervention for ensuring working-aged women's health outcomes. These findings may be of great use to researchers, policy makers, and others with an interest in the field. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) CRD42022384620; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=384620. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/45178.

10.
Arerugi ; 72(1): 44-48, 2023.
Artículo en Japonés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36792160

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO) refers to respiratory disorders caused by airflow limitation in the larynx, including vocal cord dysfunction, and may sometimes be misdiagnosed as bronchial asthma (BA). Here, we report the case of an 11-year-old boy diagnosed with BA in infancy. He was referred to our Allergy Center and was taking a high dose of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) due to frequent coughing from the age of 10 years and persistent coughing following COVID-19 infection at the age of 11. However, the patient continued to experience frequent coughing attacks and repeated visits to the emergency department after inhalation of ß2-stimulants failed to improve his cough. We admitted him to the allergy center for examinations to assess the BA severity. In the airway hypersensitiveness test, saline inhalation performed prior to methacholine inhalation caused expiratory stridor and respiratory distress in the larynx, which worsened with ß2-stimulant inhalation. Based on these results, we ruled out BA and diagnosed ILO. We instructed him on breathing maneuvers, and he was able to respond appropriately when symptoms appeared. We then started reducing his ICS dose.


Asunto(s)
Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas , Asma , COVID-19 , Hipersensibilidad , Enfermedades de la Laringe , Humanos , Masculino , Niño , COVID-19/complicaciones , Asma/terapia , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/diagnóstico , Obstrucción de las Vías Aéreas/etiología , Enfermedades de la Laringe/complicaciones , Enfermedades de la Laringe/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de la Laringe/terapia , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Hipersensibilidad/complicaciones , Prueba de COVID-19
11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36781167

RESUMEN

Stabilization techniques for n-doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are essential for the practical use of CNT devices. However, none of the reported n-dopants have sufficient robustness in a practical environment. Herein, we report a highly stable technique for fabricating n-doped CNT films. We elucidate the mechanism by which air stability can be achieved by completely covering CNTs with n-dopants to prevent oxidation; consequently, the stability is lost when exposed to scratches or moisture. Therefore, we introduce parylene as a protective layer for n-doped CNTs and achieve air stability for more than 365 d. Moreover, we demonstrate outstanding robust thermo-electric power generation from strong acids, alkalis, and alcohols, which cannot be realized with conventional air-stable n-dopants. The proposed stabilization technique is versatile and can be applied to various n-dopants. Thus, it is expected to be a key technology in the practical application of CNT devices.

12.
BMC Neurol ; 22(1): 403, 2022 Nov 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36324091

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) and mild encephalopathy associated with excitotoxicity (MEEX) are the most frequent acute encephalopathies in pediatric patients in Japan. AESD typically presents with biphasic seizures and delayed reduced diffusion in the subcortical area, called bright tree appearance (BTA), on radiological examination. In patients with AESD, arterial spin labeling (ASL) shows decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the hyperacute stage and increased CBF in the acute stage, suggesting the usefulness of ASL for the early diagnosis of AESD. Additionally, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) shows elevated glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln) in AESD. MEEX is a group of mild encephalopathies with transient elevation of Gln on MRS similar to that in AESD; however, MEEX does not include any clinical biphasic course or abnormalities, including BTA on diffusion-weighted imaging. Although the usefulness of ASL for AESD has been reported, there are no reports for patients with MEEX. In this study, we report our experience with a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with MEEX who showed unique findings on ASL. CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 4-year-old girl admitted to the emergency room with febrile status epilepticus. Considering the possibility of AESD, vitamin therapy was initiated. ASL-MR imaging (MRI) of the brain performed on the second day showed increased blood flow in the frontal, temporal, and occipital regions with spared central sulcus, which indicated AESD with central sparing. The patient was diagnosed with AESD, and the treatment included pulse steroid therapy and immunoglobulin therapy from day 3. The patient remained mildly unconscious but gradually became conscious by day 7 with no seizures. Brain MRI performed on day 8 did not show any characteristic AESD findings, such as BTA. Furthermore, MRS showed elevated Gln, which, along with the clinical course, led to the diagnosis of MEEX. The patient was discharged on day 16 without obvious sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: ASL may be useful in the early diagnosis of MEEX as well as AESD, facilitating early intervention.


Asunto(s)
Encefalopatías , Convulsiones Febriles , Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Lactante , Preescolar , Marcadores de Spin , Encefalopatías/diagnóstico por imagen , Circulación Cerebrovascular , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Convulsiones Febriles/diagnóstico , Glutamina
13.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 10(11)2022 Nov 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36421589

RESUMEN

Bonding is crucial to perinatal mental health. Despite an extensive body of literature on maternal bonding, few studies have focused on paternal bonding. This scoping review aimed to clarify the current state of the concept of paternal-infant/fetus bonding. The eligibility criteria were drawn from the population concept and context elements to answer the following questions: "what is paternal bonding?" and "what are the constructs of the concept of paternal bonding?" The review comprised 39 studies. Paternal bonding was associated with both positive and negative paternal behavior and thought and may be determined based on fathers' beliefs and rearing history. Most studies showed that father-child interaction is one of the factors promoting paternal bonding. However, fathers generally felt more distant from their babies post-delivery than mothers. Only a few studies originally defined paternal bonding; most relied on the definitions of maternal bonding. We found different descriptions lacking consensus. Few studies examined the differences between paternal and maternal bonding. No consensus exists on the concept, constructs, and assessment of paternal bonding. The causal relationship between paternal bonding and other variables is unexplored. Future studies should explore fathers' perspectives and experiences, focusing on the unknown aspects of paternal bonding identified in this review.

14.
Cancers (Basel) ; 14(19)2022 Sep 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36230548

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although communication tools might guide healthcare professionals in communicating with children about cancer, it is unclear what kind of tools are used. This scoping review aimed to map the communication tools used in cancer communication among children with cancer, families, and healthcare professionals. METHODS: A comprehensive search using PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL was conducted on 1 August 2021. We mapped communication tools and their impacts. RESULTS: We included 25 studies (9 experimental studies and 16 feasibility studies) of 29 reports and found 21 communication tools. There was a lack of communication tools that were (1) accessible and validated, (2) designed for healthcare professionals, (3) targeted children, families, and healthcare professionals, and (4) were designed to meet the needs of children and families. Experimental studies showed that the communication tools improved children's knowledge and psychological outcomes (e.g., health locus of control, quality of life, self-efficacy). CONCLUSION: We mapped communication tools and identified areas that needed further research, including a lack of tools to guide healthcare professionals and share information with children and families. Further research is needed to develop and evaluate these communication tools. Moreover, it is necessary to investigate how communication tools support children, families, and healthcare professionals.

15.
Sci Technol Adv Mater ; 23(1): 424-433, 2022.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35811755

RESUMEN

Owing to their high thermal and optical performances, carbon nanotube (CNT) films are used in various photo-thermo-electric (PTE) applications, such as terahertz (THz) sensing and energy harvesting. To improve the performance of PTE devices, a device structure should be designed based on a deep understanding of the thermal and optical responses of the CNT film. However, the optical properties of CNT films in the THz frequency region remain unclear because of the difficulties associated with device processing and measurements. Herein, we report our findings on the thermal and optical characteristics of CNT films. The shape of the CNT film that maximizes the product of the thermal and optical factors (optimal structure of the PTE sensor) depends on the frequency of the irradiating electromagnetic wave. The optimal film thickness and width values for THz irradiation range from 300-600 nm and 50-70 µm, respectively. Subsequently, we fabricated a serially connected, multi-element PTE sensor with an optimal device structure and enhanced the detection sensitivity by approximately 13 times compared with a single-element PTE sensor. In addition, we demonstrated the first THz spectroscopy application using a PTE sensor. The findings of this study, thermal/optical factor enhancement, and micro-sized CNT film processing technology can be used to improve the performance of all CNT-based photothermal devices, including PTE sensors and thermoelectric generators.

16.
Sci Adv ; 8(19): eabm4349, 2022 May 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35544563

RESUMEN

Chemical monitoring communicates diverse environmental information from industrial and biological processes. However, promising and sustainable systems and associated inspection devices that dynamically enable on-site quality monitoring of target chemicals confined inside transformable and opaque channels are yet to be investigated. This paper designs stretchable photo-sensor patch sheets for nonsampling, source-free, and label-free on-site dynamic chemical monitoring of liquids flowing inside soft tubes via simple deformable surface wrapping. The device integrates carbon nanotube-based broadband photo-absorbent thin films with multilayer-laminated stretchable electrodes and substrates. The patterned rigid-soft structure of the proposed device provides durability and optical stability against mechanical deformations with a stretchability range of 70 to 280%, enabling shape-conformable attachments to transformable objects. The effective use of omnidirectional and transparent blackbody radiation from free-form targets themselves allows compact measurement configuration and enhances the functionality and simplicity of this scheme, while the presenting technology monitors concentrations of arbitrary water-soluble chemicals.

17.
BMJ Open ; 12(2): e056403, 2022 Feb 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35197351

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Despite the potential benefits of effective communication, telling children about cancer, unpredictable and life-threatening conditions is challenging. This study aimed to summarise the communication tools used in cancer communication among children with cancer, caregivers and healthcare professionals. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a scoping review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews checklist. We will search PubMed (including MEDLINE), Embase, CENTRAL, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We will include the qualitative and quantitative studies that reported the communication tools that tell a child diagnosed with cancer about the cancer-related information. We will summarise the communication tools and the impacts of the tools. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Formal ethical approval is not required, as primary data will not be collected in this study. The findings of this study will be disseminated through the presentation at the conference and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias , Proyectos de Investigación , Niño , Comunicación , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Neoplasias/terapia , Revisión por Pares , Literatura de Revisión como Asunto , Revisiones Sistemáticas como Asunto
18.
Front Syst Neurosci ; 15: 751876, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34630051

RESUMEN

Jawless fishes were the first vertebrates to evolve. It is thus important to investigate them to determine whether consciousness was acquired in the common ancestor of all vertebrates. Most jawless fish lineages are extinct, and cyclostomes (lampreys and hagfish) are the sole survivors. Here, I review the empirical knowledge on the neurobiology of cyclostomes with special reference to recently proposed "markers" of primary, minimal consciousness. The adult lamprey appears to meet the neuroanatomical criteria but there is a practical limitation to behavioral examination of its learning ability. In addition, the consciousness-related neuroarchitecture of larvae and its reconstruction during metamorphosis remain largely uninvestigated. Even less is known of hagfish neurobiology. The hagfish forebrain forms the central prosencephalic complex, and the homology of its components to the brain regions of other vertebrates needs to be confirmed using modern techniques. Nevertheless, as behavioral responses to olfactory stimuli in aquariums have been reported, it is easier to investigate the learning ability of the hagfish than that of the lamprey. Based on these facts, I finally discuss the potential future directions of empirical studies for examining the existence of consciousness in jawless fishes.

19.
Sci Rep ; 11(1): 19836, 2021 10 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34615907

RESUMEN

The lamprey represents the oldest group of living vertebrates and has been a key organism in various research fields such as evolutionary developmental biology and neuroscience. However, no knock-in technique for this animal has been established yet, preventing application of advanced genetic techniques. Here, we report efficient generation of F0 knock-in lampreys by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing. A donor plasmid containing a heat-shock promoter was co-injected with a short guide RNA (sgRNA) for genome digestion, a sgRNA for donor plasmid digestion, and Cas9 mRNA. Targeting different genetic loci, we succeeded in generating knock-in lampreys expressing photoconvertible protein Dendra2 as well as those expressing EGFP. With its simplicity, design flexibility, and high efficiency, we propose that the present method has great versatility for various experimental uses in lamprey research and that it can also be applied to other "non-model" organisms.


Asunto(s)
Sistemas CRISPR-Cas , Edición Génica , Técnicas de Sustitución del Gen , Ingeniería Genética , Lampreas/genética , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Genes Reporteros , Proteínas HSP70 de Choque Térmico/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión
20.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 3009, 2021 May 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34021142

RESUMEN

Multi-functional photo-imaging garners attention towards the development of universal safety-net sensor networks. Although there are urgent needs to comprehensively address the optical information from arbitrarily structured and located targets, investigations on multi-view sensitive broadband monitoring, being independent of the operating environment, are yet to be completed. This study presents a robot-assisted, photo-source and imager implanted, multi-view stereoscopic sensitive broadband photo-monitoring platform with reflective and transmissive switchable modes. A multifaceted photo-thermoelectric device design based on flexible carbon nanotube films facilitates the prototype demonstrations of non-destructive, target-structure-independent, free-form multi-view examinations on actual three-dimensional industrial components. Further functionalisation, namely, a portable system utilising three-dimensional printing and ultraviolet processing, achieves the unification of freely attachable photo-imagers and miniature photo-sources, enabling location-independent operation. Consequently, the non-destructive unmanned, remote, high-speed, omni-directional testing of a defective aerial miniature model winding road-bridge with a robot-assisted photo-source imager built into a multi-axis movable photo-thermoelectric monitor arm is demonstrated.

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