North-to-South diversity of lipomycetaceous yeasts in soils evaluated with a cultivation-based approach from 11 locations in Japan.

To understand the species distribution, diversity, and density of lipomycetaceous yeasts in soil based on their north-to-south location in Japan, 1146 strains were isolated from soil samples at 11 locations from Hokkaido to Okinawa Prefecture and taxonomically characterized. Lipomycetaceous yeast strains were isolated efficiently from soil by selecting watery mucoid-like colonies on agar plates with nitrogen-depleted medium. Twenty-four (80%) of the 30 known species of the genus Lipomyces were isolated from the soil samples collected in Japan, including species recently proposed. Among the species isolated, L. starkeyi was the most predominant in Japan, except on Iriomote Island, Okinawa, and accounted for 60-98% of the isolated strains. Lipomyces yarrowii was the dominant species on Iriomote Island (64%). The second most dominant species were L. chichibuensis in Saitama Prefecture and L. doorenjongii from Yamaguchi to Okinawa Prefecture. The species diversity of lipomycetaceous yeasts was in Japan and the significant correlation with the latitude of the sampling sites was revealed.

Elucidation of the enzyme involved in 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining activity and the relationship between TTC staining activity and fermentation profiles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining is a method to distinguish the mitochondrial activity of cells based on the color: colorless TTC turns red when under reducing conditions. Although the assay reflects the mitochondrial activity of cells, which enzyme(s) in the electron transport system contribute to TTC reduction has been unclear. TTC staining assays using gene disruptants related to the electron transport system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed those disruptants related to electron transport from each electron donor to ubiquinone (red colonies) and disruptants that were related to ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase (white colonies). In addition, when the enzyme activities of ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase and cytochrome c oxidase were measured using TTC as the electron acceptor, only ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase showed TTC reduction activity, and the activity was enhanced by potassium cyanide, an inhibitor of cytochrome c oxidase. These results indicated that ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase is involved in TTC reduction in S. cerevisiae. The fermentation profiles of BY4741UΔcor1 and BY4741UΔcox4, which exhibited no TTC staining activity, were almost identical to that of the parental strain BY4741U. However, cell growth and ethanol and succinate production of the ura3-mutated strain BY4741, which also exhibited no TTC staining activity, was altered compared to those of BY4741U, indicating that the fermentation profile varies among strains that show no TTC staining activity. The relationship between uracil metabolism and TTC staining activity was also determined based on metabolome analysis.

Fourteen novel lipomycetaceous yeast species isolated from soil in Japan and transfer of Dipodascopsis anomala to the genus Babjevia based on ascospore production phenotype.

Fourteen novel lipomycetaceous yeasts species were isolated from soil samples collected from the Hokkaido, Chiba and Okinawa prefectures of Japan. Phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit rRNAs and translation elongation factor 1 alpha genes (TEF1-α) revealed that five strains of two species from the soil in Furano-shi, Hokkaido were related to Dipodascopsis anomala and 29 strains representing 12 species from soils in Kamogawa-shi, Chiba and Iriomote Island, Okinawa were in the Myxozyma clade. The two species of Dipodascopsis form globose or ellipsoid ascospores in their sac-like ascus and pseudohyphae. Furthermore, these species produce ascospores in their pseudohyphae and do not produce an acicular ascus, which is common among the three species including D. anomala. Therefore, we propose transferring D. anomala to the genus Babjevia and amending Babjevia. Two novel species were described and included in the genus Babjevia: Babjevia hyphoforaminiformans sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 111233; MycoBank no. MB 829051) and Babjevia hyphasca sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 112965; MycoBank no. MB 829053). The 12 species in the Myxozyma clade produce neither ascospores nor pseudohyphae and have different characteristics in assimilating several carbon sources from each other. Thus, we propose that the novel species of Lipomyces be classified as forma asexualis (f.a.). From Kamogawa-shi, Chiba (19 strains representing five species): Lipomyces melibiosiraffinosiphilus f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 111411; MycoBank no. MB 829034), Lipomyces kiyosumicus f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 111424; MycoBank no. MB 829035), Lipomyces chibensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 111413; MycoBank no. MB 829036), Lipomyces kamogawensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 112967; MycoBank no. MB 829037), Lipomyces amatsuensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 111420; MycoBank no. MB 829041). From Iriomote island, Okinawa (10 strains representing seven species): Lipomyces taketomicus f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 112966; MycoBank no. MB 829042), Lipomyces yaeyamensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110433; MycoBank no. MB 829050), Lipomyces iriomotensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110436; MycoBank no. MB 829045), Lipomyces haiminakanus f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110435; MycoBank no. MB 829046), Lipomyces komiensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110440; MycoBank no. MB 829047), Lipomyces nakamensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110434; MycoBank no. MB 829048), Lipomyces sakishimensis f.a., sp. nov. (holotype NBRC 110439; MycoBank no. MB 829049).

Reclassification of Nocardia species based on whole genome sequence and associated phenotypic data.

Type strains of 72 validated Nocardia species were phylogenetically analyzed based on the multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) concatenated atpD-groL1-groL2-recA-rpoA-secY-sodA-ychF. Furthermore, their similarity based on digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) was calculated. Nocardia soli, Nocardia cummidelens and Nocardia salmonicida, Nocardia nova and Nocardia elegans, Nocardia exalbida and Nocardia gamkensis, and Nocardia coubleae and Nocardia ignorata formed coherent clades, respectively. Moreover, each set showed over 70% relatedness by dDDH and shared common phenotypic characteristics. Therefore, we propose a reclassification of Nocardia soli and Nocardia cummidelens as a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardia salmonicida, Nocardia elegans as a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardia nova, Nocardia gamkensis as a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardia exalbida, and Nocardia coubleae as a later heterotypic synonym of Nocardia ignorata.

Ca2+ in Hybridization Solutions for Fluorescence in situ Hybridization Facilitates the Detection of Enterobacteriaceae.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been employed to identify microorganisms at the single cell level under a microscope. Extensive efforts have been made to improve and extend the FISH technique; however, the development of a widely applicable protocol is a continuing challenge. The present study evaluated the effects of divalent cations in the hybridization solution on the FISH-based detection of various species of bacteria and archaea with rRNA-targeted probes. A flow cytometric analysis after FISH with a standard hybridization buffer detected positive signals from less than 30% of Escherichia coli IAM 1264 cells. However, the number of cells with positive signals increased to more than 90% after the addition of calcium chloride to the hybridization buffer. Mn2+ also had positive effects, whereas Mg2+ did not. The positive effects of Ca2+ were similarly observed for bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, including Enterobacter sakazakii IAM 12660T, E. aerogenes IAM 12348, Klebsiella planticola IAM 14202, and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium strain LT2. These results indicate that the supplementation of Ca2+ to the hybridization buffer for FISH contributes to the efficient detection of Enterobacteriaceae cells.

Adenine Addition Restores Cell Viability and Butanol Production in Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) Cultivated at 37°C.

We have developed butanol-producing consolidated bioprocessing from cellulosic substrates through coculture of cellulolytic clostridia and butanol-producing Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum strain N1-4. However, the butanol fermentation by strain N1-4 (which has an optimal growth temperature of 30°C) is sensitive to the higher cultivation temperature of 37°C; the nature of this deleterious effect remains unclear. Comparison of the intracellular metabolites of strain N1-4 cultivated at 30°C and 37°C revealed decreased levels of multiple primary metabolites (notably including nucleic acids and cofactors) during growth at the higher temperature. Supplementation of the culture medium with 250 mg/liter adenine enhanced both cell growth (with the optical density at 600 nm increasing from 4.3 to 10.2) and butanol production (increasing from 3.9 g/liter to 9.6 g/liter) at 37°C, compared to those obtained without adenine supplementation, such that the supplemented 37°C culture exhibited growth and butanol production approaching those observed at 30°C in the absence of adenine supplementation. These improved properties were based on the maintenance of cell viability. We further showed that adenine supplementation enhanced cell viability during growth at 37°C by maintaining ATP levels and inhibiting spore formation. This work represents the first demonstration (to our knowledge) of the importance of adenine-related metabolism for clostridial butanol production, suggesting a new means of enhancing target pathways based on metabolite levels.IMPORTANCE Metabolomic analysis revealed decreased levels of multiple primary metabolites during growth at 37°C, compared to 30°C, in C. saccharoperbutylacetonicum strain N1-4. We found that adenine supplementation restored the cell growth and butanol production of strain N1-4 at 37°C. The effects of adenine supplementation reflected the maintenance of cell viability originating from the maintenance of ATP levels and the inhibition of spore formation. Thus, our metabolomic analysis identified the depleted metabolites that were required to maintain cell viability. Our strategy, which is expected to be applicable to a wide range of organisms, permits the identification of the limiting metabolic pathway, which can serve as a new target for molecular breeding. The other novel finding of this work is that adenine supplementation inhibits clostridial spore formation. The mechanism linking spore formation and metabolomic status in butanol-producing clostridia is expected to be the focus of further research.

Genome analysis-based reclassification of Streptomyces endus and Streptomyces sporocinereus as later heterotypic synonyms of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus.

The aim of this study was to reclarify the taxonomic relationship among Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus, Streptomyces endus and Streptomyces sporocinereus. Whole genome shotgun sequencing was performed for the type strains of these three taxa. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among the three taxa were greater than the thresholds for bacterial species delineation, indicating that they belong to the same genomospecies. In addition, the phenotypic data previously reported also support the synonymy. Therefore, S. endus and S. sporocinereus should be reclassified as later heterotypic synonyms of S. hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus.

Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soil, and reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. nov.

A bacterial strain, designated 5GHs33-3T, was isolated from greenhouse soil collected from Yongin region, Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The strain was an aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, flagellated, rod-shaped bacterium. Strain 5GHs33-3T grew at 4-37 °C (optimally at 28-30 °C), pH 6.0-10.0 (optimally at pH 7.0) and with 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally with 0 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T had high sequence similarity with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T (98.4 %), Actinotalea ferrariae CF5-4T (96.4 %) and Actinotalea fermentans DSM 3133T (96.2 %), and less than 95.5 % sequence similarity against all the other species with validly published names. The phylogenetic tree revealed that strain 5GHs33-3T formed a robust independent monophyletic line with Actinotalea suaedae EGI 60002T. The predominant fatty acids of strain 5GHs33-3T were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C14 : 0. The only quinone was MK-8(H4). Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown phosphoglycolipid and unknown lipids. The peptidoglycan type was A4ß, with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid and an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Glu. The DNA G+C content is 69.0 mol%. Based on phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses, strain 5GHs33-3T represents a novel species of a new genus of the family Cellulomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudactinotalea terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is 5GHs33-3T (=KACC 16542T=NBRC 111006T). We also propose the reclassification of Actinotalea suaedae as Pseudactinotalea suaedae comb. nov. (type strain EGI 60002T=JCM 19624T=KACC 17839T=KCTC 29256T).

Halobium palmae gen. nov., sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon isolated from a solar saltern.

A novel and extremely halophilic archaeon, designated strain 2a_47_2T, was isolated from a solar saltern sample collected in Indonesia. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and pleomorphic and formed orange-red pigmented colonies. Strain 2a_47_2T grew at 20-48 °C (optimum 38-41 °C), pH 6.0-8.5 (optimum pH 7.5), >1.7 M NaCl (optimum 2.6 M) and <0.5 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.3 M). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, two phospholipids and sulfated diglycosyl diether. The cells mainly contained menaquinone-8. The G+C content in the genomic DNA of the strain was 67.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain 2a_47_2T represents a member of the family Halorubraceae and is different from any other known halophilic archaea. This finding was also demonstrated by phylogenetic analyses based on deduced RpoB' amino acid sequences. Collectively, these results show that strain 2a_47_2T represents a novel genus and species in the family Halorubraceae, and the name Halobium palmae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2a_47_2T (=NBRC 111368T=InaCC Ar34T).

Kocuria pelophila sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove.

A novel spherical actinobacterium, designated RS-2-3T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of a mangrove growing on Rambut Island, Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain RS-2-3T was related to the members of the genus Kocuria. The highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value was observed with Kocuria marina KMM 3905T (97.0 %). The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-2-3T was found to be A3α with an interpeptide bridge comprising l-Ala4-5. The predominant menaquinone was MK-7(H2) and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15 : 0 and iso-C15 : 0. The DNA G+C content was 71.8 mol%. These characteristics were consistent with those of members of the genus Kocuria. Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical characteristics revealed that strain RS-2-3T differed from the species of the genus Kocuria with validly published names. Therefore, strain RS-2-3T represents a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria pelophila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS-2-3T (=NBRC 110990T=InaCC A704T).

Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus NBRC 16556.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of strain NBRC 16556, deposited as Streptomyces hygroscopicus subsp. hygroscopicus into the NBRC culture collection. An average nucleotide identity analysis confirmed that the taxonomic identification is correct. The genome sequence will serve as a valuable reference for genome mining to search new secondary metabolites.

Friedmanniella aerolata sp. nov., isolated from air.

A novel bacterium, strain 7515T-26T, was isolated from an air sample collected in Taean region, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated cocci, growing in the temperature, pH and NaCl ranges of 10-33 °C, pH 5.0-9.0 and 0-2 % (w/v). It shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Friedmanniella lacustris EL-17AT (97.6 %), Friedmanniella lucida FA2T (96.9 %) and Friedmanniella luteola FA1T (96.9 %), showing high sequence similarities of 96.5-97.6 % with members of the genus Friedmanniella. Phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 7515T-26T and members of the genus Friedmanniella formed a compact cluster separable from other genera. The isolate contained anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C14 : 0 3-OH and iso-C15 : 0 as the major cellular fatty acids, and MK-9(H4) as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, two unknown phospholipids and one unknown lipid, and the DNA G+C content was 73.1 mol%. The peptidoglycan type was A3γ. It showed DNA-DNA hybridization values of less than 70 % with F. lacustris EL-17AT. On the basis of the evidence from this polyphasic study, a novel species, Friedmanniella aerolata sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is 7515T-26T ( = KACC 17306T = DSM 27139T).

Cellulosimicrobium marinum sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from sea sediment.

A novel Gram stain positive actinobacterium, designated RS-7-4(T), was isolated from a sea sediment sample collected in Indonesia, and its taxonomic position was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Strain RS-7-4(T) was observed to form vegetative hyphae in the early phase of growth, but the hyphae eventually fragmented into short rods to coccoid cells. Growth occurred at 15-37 °C, pH 6.0-11.0 and in the presence of 0-7 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons revealed that strain RS-7-4(T) was closely related to the members of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, with a similarity range of 98.08-99.10 %. The peptidoglycan type of strain RS-7-4(T) was found to be A4α L-Lys-L-Thr-D-Asp. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4), and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The DNA G+C content was 75.6 mol%. These chemotaxonomic features corresponded to those of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. Meanwhile, the results of DNA-DNA hybridization, and physiological and biochemical tests revealed that strain RS-7-4(T) was different from the recognized species of the genus Cellulosimicrobium. Therefore, strain RS-7-4(T) represents a novel species of the genus Cellulosimicrobium, for which the name Cellulosimicrobium marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RS-7-4(T) (=NBRC 110994(T) =InaCC A726(T)).

Haloarchaeobius baliensis sp. nov., isolated from a solar saltern.

A novel halophilic archaeon, designated strain 2b_61_3T, was isolated from a solar saltern in Indonesia. Cells of the strain were Gram-stain-negative, motile, pleomorphic rods that formed orange-red-pigmented colonies on solid medium. The isolate grew optimally at 42-44 °C, pH 6.5-7.0, and with 2.6 M NaCl, and MgCl2 was required for growth. Strain 2b_61_3T had two differential 16S rRNA genes (rrnA and rrnB), and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain belonged to the genus Haloarchaeobius. The rrnA and rrnB sequence similarities between strain 2b_61_3T and species of the genus Haloarchaeobius were 98.4-99.2 % and 98.5-98.8 %, respectively. The findings from the 16S rRNA gene analysis were supported by sequence analysis of rpoB', the B' subunit of RNA polymerase. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analyses, as well as DNA-DNA hybridization experiments with Haloarchaeobius iranensis NBRC 110930T, strain 2b_61_3T represents a novel species of the genus Haloarchaeobius, for which the name Haloarchaeobius baliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2b_61_3T ( = NBRC 110517T = InaCC Ar2T).

Complete genome sequencing of Dehalococcoides sp. strain UCH007 using a differential reads picking method.

A novel Dehalococcoides sp. strain UCH007 was isolated from the groundwater polluted with chlorinated ethenes in Japan. This strain is capable of dechlorinating trichloroethene, cis-1,2-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride to ethene. Dehalococcoides bacteria are hardly cultivable, so genome sequencing has presented a challenge. In this study, we developed a differential reads picking method for mixed genomic DNA obtained from a co-culture, and applied it to the sequencing of strain UCH007. The genome of strain UCH007 consists of a 1,473,548-bp chromosome that encodes 1509 coding sequences including 29 putative reductive dehalogenase genes. Strain UCH007 is the first strain in the Victoria subgroup found to possess the pceA, tceA and vcrA genes.

Complete genome sequence of Lactobacillus acetotolerans RIB 9124 (NBRC 13120) isolated from putrefied (hiochi) Japanese sake.

Lactobacillus acetotolerans RIB 9124 (NBRC 13120) was isolated from putrefied (hiochi) Japanese sake. Here we report the complete genome sequence of this organism. This paper is the first report demonstrating the fully sequenced and completely annotated genome of a L. acetotolerans strain.

Proposal of nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium and emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium.

Thirteen novel Gram-stain-positive bacteria were isolated from various samples collected from mangrove forests in Japan, and their taxonomic positions were investigated by a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that the 13 isolates formed a single clade with Lysinimicrobium mangrovi HI08-69T, with a similarity range of 97.6-99.5 %. The peptidoglycan of the isolates was of the A4α type with an interpeptide bridge comprising Ser-Glu and an l-Ser residue at position 1 of the peptide subunit. The predominant menaquinone was demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H4) and the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. These chemotaxonomic characteristics corresponded to those of the genus Lysinimicrobium. On the basis of the phenotypic and phylogenetic data, along with average nucleotide identity values among the isolates, we concluded that the 13 isolates should be assigned to the following nine novel species of the genus Lysinimicrobium: Lysinimicrobium aestuarii sp. nov. (type strain HI12-104T = NBRC 109392T = DSM 28144T), Lysinimicrobium flavum sp. nov. (type strain HI12-45T = NBRC 109391T = DSM 28150T), Lysinimicrobium gelatinilyticum sp. nov. (type strain HI12-44T = NBRC 109390T = DSM 28149T), Lysinimicrobium iriomotense sp. nov. (type strain HI12-143T = NBRC 109399T = DSM 28146T), Lysinimicrobium luteum sp. nov. (type strain HI12-123T = NBRC 109395T = DSM 28147T), Lysinimicrobium pelophilum sp. nov. (type strain HI12-111T = NBRC 109393T = DSM 28148T), Lysinimicrobium rhizosphaerae sp. nov. (type strain HI12-135T = NBRC 109397T = DSM 28152T), Lysinimicrobium soli sp. nov. (type strain HI12-122T = NBRC 109394T = DSM 28151T) and Lysinimicrobium subtropicum sp. nov. (type strain HI12-128T = NBRC 109396T = DSM 28145T). In addition, an emended description of the genus Lysinimicrobium is proposed.

Oryzobacter terrae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from paddy soil.

A bacterial strain, PSGM2-16(T), was isolated from a pot of paddy soil grown with rice in Suwon region, Republic of Korea, and was characterized as having aerobic, Gram-stain-positive, short-rod-shaped cells with one polar flagellum. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain PSGM2-16(T) revealed the highest sequence similarities with Knoellia locipacati DMZ1T (97.4%), Fodinibacter luteus YIM C003(T) (97.2%) and Lapillicoccus jejuensis R-Ac013(T) (97.0%), and the phylogenetic tree showed that strain PSGM2-16(T) formed a subgroup with Ornithinibacter aureus HB09001(T) and F. luteus YIM C003(T) within the family Intrasporangiaceae. The major fatty acids (>10% of the total fatty acids) of strain PSGM2-16(T) were iso-C16 : 0, C17 : 1ω8c and iso-C14 : 0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids present were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, three aminophospholipids and two phospholipids. The peptidoglycan was type A4γ with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain PSGM2-16(T) and closely related taxa were much less than 70%. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain PSGM2-16(T) was 70.0 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented, it is concluded that strain PSGM2-16(T) represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Intrasporangiaceae, for which the name Oryzobacter terrae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is PSGM2-16(T) ( = KACC 17299(T)= DSM 27137(T)= NBRC 109598(T)).