Health professional student's volunteering activities during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic literature review.

Background: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has forced health and education services to use additional human resources, such as health professional students. Students in the health professions, particularly those in the medical field, can participate in a variety of voluntary activities, both directly and indirectly in health services. The aim of this review was to determine the affecting factors, types of activity, and benefits of undertaking a volunteering role by the health professional student. Methods: A systematic review of health professional student volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted using seven databases: Epistemonikos, ProQuest, Scopus, EBSCOhost, JSTOR, Cochrane Library, and PubMed. This literature search included published articles from March 2020 through to December 2021 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Result: We included 41 studies that met the selection criteria that assessed the factors and specific programs related to health profession students' volunteering involvement during the COVID-19 pandemic era. The most frequently observed supporting factor of the eagerness to be a volunteer was the feeling of moral responsibility (such as social dedication, sense of duty, and care), potential learning opportunities, personal interest, and financial compensation. Factors that contributed to a person's refusal to participate in a volunteer position were the fear of COVID-19 itself (such as transmission, risk of being infected, and personal identification as a risk group). Conclusion: The review of available literature has shown that understanding the motivation and barriers to the willingness of health professional students to volunteer and the impact of volunteering activities on their future lives is a key for supporting them.

Medical students and doctors' perceptions toward COVID-19 health communication on social media.

BACKGROUND: Ineffective health communication could cause the increase of COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. Medical students can involve in efforts in health communication on social media to positively impact prevention behaviors during a pandemic. This study aims to identify and analyze medical students' and internship doctors' perceptions toward health communication related to COVID-19 through social media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A mixed method with exploratory sequential used. A qualitative study was done using phenomenology approach through deep and semi-structured interviewing. After data analysis, the draft of the instrument prepared. Items in the draft selected based on the respondents' answer. Then, a quantitative cross-sectional study was used. The data obtained from 399 medical students and doctors at a University in Indonesia using Google Form on October 14 to October 20, 2020 through media social. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and Chi-square (alternative: Fisher's exact test) and logistic regression analysis with P < 0.05 and 95% confidence interval, respectively. RESULTS: Based on interview, respondents communicate health on social media because the condition of COVID-19 in Indonesia is dangerous, feel vulnerable to COVID-19, understand the benefits, obligations, or responsibilities as a candidate and/or medical personnel and believe they can create content/find valid sources. Meanwhile, the perception of limited knowledge is their biggest obstacle in conducting health communication. There were a relationship between gender (P = 0.028, PR = 0.657), perceived severity (P = 0.044, PR (Prevalence Ratio) =4.844 [0.725-32,354]), perceived susceptibility (P = 0.005, PR = 1.803 [1.182-2.750]), perceived barrier (P < 0.001, PR = 2.543 [1.908-3.388]), and self-efficacy (P = 0.012, PR = 1.810 [1.120-2.926]) with health communication behavior. The perceived barrier (P < 0.001, RR = 4.278 [2.709-6.754]) and perceived susceptibility (P = 0.004, PR = 2.304 [1.302-4.077]) were the most influenced behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived barrier, and self-efficacy are predictor factors of health communication behavior related to COVID-19 on social media with perceptions of susceptibility and perceived barriers as the most influential variables. It is necessary to provide communication learning on social media as effectively and applied directly to reduce perceived barriers and increase self-efficacy.

Analysis of public search interest regarding government containment policy on COVID-19 new cases in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore.

Background: As preventive measures to curb coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)transmission, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore had imposed web-accessible regulations where the popularity of relative internet search volume can be obtained from Google Trends(GT). This research aimed to seek the relationship between public search interest and countries policies, furthermore to observe whether the GT data could be utilized as a tool to make a risk communication during this pandemic. Methods: This retrospective study used GT to analyze the relative search volume (RSV) of keywords large-scale social restrictions (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar - PSBB ), MovementControl Order (MCO) or Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan (PKP) and Circuit Breaker (CB) for Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore respectively. Daily number of COVID-19 confirmed cases were collected and analyzed using Pearson correlation and time-lag with P<0.05. Every search interest peak and mobility trends changes were qualitatively analyzed. Results: The results exhibited the relationship between the government containment policy, the peaks of analyzed RSV keywords and the mobility trends. The containment policy has significant relationships with COVID-19 daily cases (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the government could use GT RSV as a strategy of crisis and risk communication to intervene public behavior towards the pandemic.

Mental health state in medical students during COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students had reported experiencing high rates of distress, burnout, anxiety, and depression. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 in the general population suggested that the mental health impact was increased anxiety, depression, and stress. There were no exceptions if medical students also experience the same psychological impact. The aimed to this study is analyze the mental and emotional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational analytic study was used with a cross-sectional approach. Data were obtained with questionnaires distributed through social media platforms from July 14, 2020, to July 21, 2020. This study using the Fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19) Scale and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 to assess FCV-19, anxiety, stress, and depression. statistical analysis used IBM SPSS Statistics 24 was used to analyze the two-tailed Chi-square test, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test, which were used with statistical significance as P < 0.05 for all tests. RESULTS: Out of 1027 samples, 44.6% had stressed, 47.8% had anxiety, and 18.6% had depression. The gender (P = 0.000), educational stage (P = 0.000), and the comorbidity factor (P = 0.001 for stress and anxiety, P = 0.036 for depression, and P = 0.000 for FCV-19) had a significant association with stress, anxiety, depression, and FCV-19 in medical students. The hometown that showed zone risk of infection only showed significant differences in FCV-19 (P = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS: Protection and psychological support for a medical student is extremely high importance given that COVID-19 is now a well-established pandemic and there will be other pandemics in the future.

Parental influences on medical students' self-efficacy and career exploration in collectivist culture.

INTRODUCTION: Families, especially parents, play an important role in identifying their children's talents and directing their educational journey. The role of parents in their children career applies both to collectivist and to noncollectivist culture. AIM: To examine the correlation between parental influences on medical students' self-efficacy and career exploration in collectivist culture. METHODS: This research was a quantitative study. The study involved 1017 medical students of medical faculties in four faculties of medicine in Indonesia. All data were collected online in August 2018. The study was conducted using an online survey questionnaire and analyzed to finally form a model that displays the determinants of career exploration behavior. The data were analyzed using the maximum likelihood estimation in IBM AMOS 24. RESULTS: The results found a model that has various routes toward career exploration in collectivist culture. Path analysis revealed both direct and direct effect toward the variable studied. Parents' expectations had influence on self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: The findings show the important role between the influence of parents expectations for self-efficacy and career exploration in children.

Impact of MiniMedJob as medical career intervention program.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Medical career exploration is a continuous process that one should invest on throughout their academic life. However, lack of resources and time are the main barriers in establishing suitable intervention. Therefore, the needs for flexible intervention are crucial, as it can improve medical career choices. This study aimed to improve career self-efficacy and to open the insight of medical students in choosing a variety of medical careers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted using quasi-experimental study design with nonequivalent control groups design (pretest-posttest) using a modified model from a preexisting medical career intervention (MedJob™) labeled as MiniMedJob™. A total of 122 1st-year medical students from Sriwijaya University, Indonesia, were voluntarily joining the study. The effectiveness of MiniMedJob™ in increasing students' self-efficacy was evaluated using Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney statistical tests using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0, Armonk, New York. RESULTS: MiniMedJob™ was proven effective to improve medical students' career self-efficacy (P = 0,000). The mean of the pretest and posttest for the intervention group was 77.79 ± 10.12 and 87 ± 8.36, respectively. While for the control group, the mean of pretest was 87.00 ± 8.36 and for the posttest group was 83.55 ± 7.96. Despite the higher score of the intervention group compared to control group, statistically, it was insignificantly different (P = 0,084). CONCLUSIONS: MiniMedJob™ is proven effective in improving medical students career self-efficacy despite their shorter period and fewer activities compared to preexisting intervention model.

Family outreach and empowerment program: Health promotion model for medical students.

INTRODUCTION: Providing health promotion and communication learning opportunities for medical students practising their theoretical information into action, addressing the health problems, and trying to find suitable and feasible interventions is very much neededto learn and experience directly about healthrelated behavior in the community. Health promotion practice of PRECEDE-PROCEED model, is used as the foundation of this Family Outreach and Empowerment Program (FOEP). This study aims to implement and evaluate FOEP as an effective health promotion learning model for undergraduate medical students. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-four medical students joined the program for the whole weeks. The reports were evaluated to assess their activities throughout the process. Evaluation was done using the assessment checklists based on PRECEDE-PROCEED framework. Data collected from the assessment will be processed and analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 program. RESULTS: Two hundred and forty-four report's has been evaluated, the report's scores in the category very good is 136, good 64, enough 26, bad 12 and very bad 6. The main problem in FOEP is behavior (37,6%) and the most alternate intervention choosen is education (232). DISCUSSION: The most intervention used by students for FOEP was education because it has been proven that can demonstrate feasibility, effectivity, increase knowledge control, and self-efficacy among disease. CONCLUSION: Student's reports was already satisfied.