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Background & Objective: Placenta previa and its accompanying fetomaternal complications are increasing day by day because of globally increasing rates of cesarean deliveries, trends of assisted reproductive techniques, and delaying pregnancies to later ages. Placenta previa is an important contributor to iatrogenic and mostly emergent preterm deliveries, which add to increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. The predictors of preterm deliveries can help clinician make necessary preparations for optimal fetomaternal outcome. The aim of the current study was to determine relationship of placental edge thickness and cervical length with gestation at delivery in patients having placenta previa. Methods: It was a descriptive case series study conducted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology, Medical Teaching Institute Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from January 2020 till January 2021 .Seventy five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Already diagnosed cases of placenta previa, with singleton alive pregnancies and gestation of 28 weeks or more were enrolled. Trans vaginal ultrasound was done to determine placental edge thickness and cervical length. Patients data on gestation at delivery were collected from hospital records. Results: A significant negative correlation between the placental edge thickness and gestational age at delivery was seen (r= -0.566, P= 0.001). The correlation between length of cervical canal and gestation at delivery was positive (r= 0.362, P=0.001). Also thick placental edge of > 2cm had significant association with birth before 37 weeks(P=0.023). A short cervix of less than 2.5 cm had also statistically significant association with birth before 37 weeks (P=0.022). Conclusion: There is linear inverse relationship of placental edge thickness with gestation at delivery. The relationship of cervical length with gestation is positive linear. Patients with thick placental edge are more likely to deliver preterm than those having thin placental edge.
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Background and Objective: Obesity with its growing prevalence is a major public health problem influencing gestational age at delivery. Raised Body Mass Index (BMI) has been shown to be associated with significantly increased risk of prolonged pregnancy; which is an important contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Obesity needs modified antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum care by obstetrician. Limited data is found regarding association of obesity with prolonged pregnancy and the same fact led us to search for this association. Methods: This cohort study was carried out in Gynecology and Obstetrics department, MTI Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from March 2020 to April 2021. Patients were enrolled in third trimester at 37 weeks of gestation with primary exposures of interest being either self-reported pre-pregnancy weight or obtained from first trimester antenatal record. Patients were divided into two classes based on BMI i.e., one with BMI <25 and other with BMI ≥ 25. Patients in both classes were followed till their delivery to determine outcome of gestational age at delivery. Results: Statistically significant difference between the two groups was seen at lower age range of 18-21 years(p-0.04) and higher age range of 39-42 years (p-0.0001). Statistically significant association was found between high pre pregnancy BMI and postdates pregnancy (OR: 4.93 ;95% CI: 1.98-12.26, p-0.001). Association of induction of labor with high pre pregnancy BMI was not significant. (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.21-1.48, P < 0.001). Higher rates of Instrumental deliveries(p-0.0005) and cesarean sections (p-0.0001) were seen in higher BMI group. Conclusion: Higher pre-pregnancy BMI is associated with increased risk of postdates pregnancy.
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OBJECTIVES: To determine relationship between immediate postpartum umbilical cord pH, fetal distress and neonatal outcome. METHODS: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Gynaecology, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan, from January 2019 to July 2019. This study included 27 full-term pregnant women who had abnormal CTG during the active or latent phase of labour. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. RESULTS: Out of 27, most patients 13 (48.14%) were in the age group 20-25 years,11 (40.74%) to 26-30 years and 3 (11.11%) belonged to 31-35 years of age group. CTG abnormalities were severe bradycardia, late deccelerations and persistent variable deccelerations with loss of baseline variability. Of all delivered babies, 21 (77%) babies had birth weight<3.5 kg and 6 (22%) had >3.5 kg birth weight. 20 (74.07%) had acidosis (pH <7.2) at the time of birth, of which one had severe hypoxemia and acidosis with pH 6.85. APGAR score at 0 minutes showed a strong positive correlation (r=0.818, p= <0.001) with cord pH, while APGAR at five minutes was also strongly correlated (r= 773, p=<0.001). Of all babies 18(66.66%) with PH less than 7.2 were admitted in NICU while only 2 babies with PH more than 7.2 were admitted. (p value= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Low umbilical cord pH values of babies born by cesarean section (for fetal distress) are strongly correlated with low APGAR score at birth and higher rates of NICU admission.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Maternal death measurement is essential to a country's wellbeing and development status. In emerging countries like Pakistan, it remains an intimidating and failed public health challenge. Objectives of our audit were to estimate trends and causes of maternal demise in Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. METHODS: Between January 2013 to December 2017, a retrospective study was carried out at Medical Teaching Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar. A structured proforma was used to collect data from the medical records. To detect trends in mother demise maternal mortality ratio was calculated for each year and for all five years, Spss version 23 was used for data analysis. RESULTS: In the five-year periods 134 deaths were recorded. The maternal mortality during the study period was 431/100,000 live births. An unstable trend in mortality with two crowning periods in 2013 and 2017 was observed. Hemorrhage persisted as the foremost cause of maternal death over the five years period, accounting for 47.76% deaths followed by hypertension, accounting for 25.37% deaths. An increased risk of 35.08% was observed among women aged 25-29 years, followed by 26.11% in 20-24 years and 23.88% in >30 years. CONCLUSION: There is a decreasing trend of maternal death from 2013 to 2016 but a slight increase was noted in 2017. Hemorrhage was the top cause responsible for the maternal death.
