[Biological aspects of choice of the intestinal segment for the cystoplasty].

Contractile activity of the iliac and sigmoid intestines versus detrusor activity, reabsorption and secretory activity of the iliac and sigmoid intestinal mucosa in contact with urine were studied in 30 rats. It was found that isolated segments of the iliac and sigmoid intestines have spontaneous contractile activity (stronger in the iliac intestine) while bladder segment contracted only in response to electric stimulation. A contraction-stimulating effect of acetylcholine and a relaxing effect of noradrenaline in experiments with the iliac intestine were close to their effects on the detrusor. The sigmoid intestine responded weaker to the above mediators. The iliac mucosa actively reabsorbed urinary urea, creatinin, glucose causing elevation of their concentrations in blood as well as K, Na, Ca, CI, P and secreted protein in urine leading to hypoproteinemia. The sigmoid mucosa showed weaker metabolic activity. The results of the study demonstrate importance of consideration of biological properties of different intestinal regions for choice of a cystoplasty method after cystectomy.

[The role of the mitochondria generating reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide in postischemic functional disturbance of the kidney].

Experiments on 10 rats and 10 rabbits were made to investigate metabolic aftereffects of 40-minute heat ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. It was found that mitochondrial function deteriorated significantly in an early postischemic period. The disorder manifested with a relative prevalence of cell ATP consumption over its synthesis. This is accompanied with intensive production by mitochondria of nitric oxide and oxygen free radicals. Fluorescent probes and confocal microscopy of vital renal sections showed that mitochondria are responsible for excessive generation of nitric oxide and oxygen radicals in the kidney in an early reperfusion period. The discussion concerns the role of nitric oxide in reperfusion renal damage and participation of mitochondria in formation of its anti-ischemic resistance.

[Possibilities for prolonging the maximal time for kidney ischemia in using different variants of anti-ischemic protection]. / Vozmozhnosti prolongatsii dopustimykh srokov ishemii pochki pri ispol'zovanii raznykh variantov protivoishemicheskoi zashchity.

An antiischemic effect of kidney cooling to 16-18 or 4 degrees C, washing-up of the kidney with a cold preserving solution (Eurocollins solution) and medication (alpha-tocopherol as an oil solution or emulsion and isoptin) was studied in stopping renal blood flow for 1 to 24 hours in 94 white non-inbred rats. The damage was assessed during the organ reperfusion with oxygenized solution by the released intracellular lactate dehydrogenase and accumulated cortical malonic dialdehyde. Cooling of the kidney prolonged the time to marked alterations by 1 hour. Pretreatment with the drugs or addition of the drugs to the reperfusion solution prolonged permissible ischemia by 1 more hour in cooling to 16-18 degrees and 2 hours in cooling to 4 degrees C. Lavage of the kidney with the solution and cooling to 16-18 degrees C had no advantages over cooling alone while in cooling to 4 degrees C damage to cell metabolism intensified only after 6 hours of ischemia. The most prominent antiischemic effect was observed in combination of all three factors of antiischemic defense (cooling, preserving solution and medication).

[Change in indicators of metabolism and kidney function in intact rats after parenteral administration of sodium hypochlorite]. / Izmenenie pokazatelei metabolizma i funktii pochek u intaktnykh krys posle parenteral'nogo vvedeniia gipokhlorita natriia.

The changes of kidney metabolism, function and enzymuria activity of nephron epithelium cells after 4 days of parenteral administration of sodium hypochlorite 0.02% and 0.06% solutions were investigated in the experiments on 15 intact non-inbred rats of 200-280 g body weight. It was revealed that sodium hypochlorite induced metabolic damage to the kidney similar to ischemic one. The 0.02 and 0.06% solutions of sodium hypochlorite administered parenterally produced no negative effect on renal function. There was no significant rise of enzymuria activity in experimental groups compared to the controls. Moreover, enzymuria of four from six nephron epithelium cell enzymes decreased significantly to day 5 of the experiment. Metabolic damage and enzymuria activity changes were more pronounced in rats given parenteral 0.06% solution of sodium hypochlorite.