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Introduction Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are abnormally altered tissues that could potentially develop into oral cancer. From the literature, it is understandable that not all OPMDs develop into oral cancer. Hence, it is essential to identify the high-risk lesions that are more likely to develop into oral cancer. Lipid peroxidase (LPO) is a byproduct of phospholipid metabolism, and its levels are an oxidative stress marker that can probably help us predict the onset of cancer in OPMDS. This study aimed to assess the levels of LPO in OPMD, oral cancer, and normal patients. Materials and methods The sample size estimated was 15 per group. There were four groups in total. The estimation was done with the Abbkine LPO enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA) kit (Atlanta, Georgia, USA). An enzyme-substrate reaction was carried out, and the degree of the color change was measured using a microplate reader. The values were tabulated, and statistics were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Both descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Results LPO levels (nmol/L) in each of the four groups were as follows: Group 1 (oral cancer): 171.86±78.86, Group 2 (controls): 71.66±28.36, Group 3: (oral leukoplakia): 127.50±103.53, and Group 4 (oral submucous fibrosis and oral lichen planus): 100.39±41.06. The results, when compared, were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Discussion From the above results, it is understandable that oral cancer patients experience increased oxidative stress compared to the OPMD group. The current study concluded that the obtained results showed differences in LPO levels, suggesting LPO could be used as a marker and screening tool to assess the rate and severity of cellular damage in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders.
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INTRODUCTION: The human mandible plays a significant role in personal identification due to its unique morphological characteristics. The coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch exhibit variations that can be utilized for forensic and anthropological purposes. This study aims to analyze the morphological diversities of these mandibular features in our ethnic group using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted using 100 CBCT images obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology. The images were captured using Carestream 9600 machines (Carestream Dental LLC, Atlanta, GA) with standard exposure parameters. Curved slicing screenshots were utilized for tracing the morphological variations of the coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch. RESULTS: Out of 100 CBCT images analyzed (corresponding to 200 sides), the shape-wise distribution of the coronoid process revealed that a triangular shape was most commonly observed in 59% (118) of cases. The condyle exhibited a predominantly round shape in 38.7% (77) of cases based on shape parameter-wise distribution. Similarly, the sigmoid notch displayed a round shape in 40.5% (81) of cases based on shape-wise distribution. CONCLUSION: Personal identification using radiographs has gained significance in the current scenario due to its feasibility. Cone beam computed tomography imaging has become a reliable and accurate method for revealing hidden details in forensic odontology, especially when antemortem records are available. This research sheds light on the morphological variations of the mandibular coronoid process, condyle, and sigmoid notch within our ethnic cohort, enhancing personal identification practices. Further research encompassing larger sample sizes and diverse populations would enhance the applicability of these findings in forensic and anthropological contexts.
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BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy can be used to treat a variety of lesions noninvasively, including oral cancer. High-power laser therapy has also been used to treat oral squamous cell carcinomas. The two main components of photodynamic treatment are the photosensitizer and the light source. Herbal formulations of photosensitizers are used to mask the disadvantages of other photosensitizers. METHODOLOGY: A methanol-diluted 25 grams of Punica granatum was used to create an anthocyanin extract using the flash evaporation method. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the first dilution agent for curcumin; later further dilution was done with distilled water. Following that, MCF-7 cells (a cancer cell line) were cultured with the produced samples, and the mono-tetrazolium salt (MTT) assay was used to determine the vitality of the cells. RESULTS: Cell reduction was significantly evident in all three groups, but the most significant cell death was found in the anthocyanin-curcumin group, at 29%. CONCLUSION: The combination of anthocyanin-curcumin has one of the photophysical properties (dark cytotoxicity) and hence can aid as a photosensitizer.