Development of clinical criteria for the evaluation of indirect restorations.

OBJECTIVE: To propose the development and validation of criteria for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations, considering the variables related to the operator, material, and/or patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experimental design of this study was divided into three stages. Stage 1: development of the new criteria items by specialists in Prosthodontics. Step 2: creation of the criteria, named UERJ criteria, with the description of the parameters that indicate the quality of the restoration, the possible associated complications, and a detailed description of each classification. As well as the development of a form of variables. Step 3: validation of the UERJ criteria. RESULTS: Cohen's Kappa statistic registered for both intra- and inter-examiner agreements a coefficient >0.91 with a p-value <0.0001. The validity of the UERJ criteria was evaluated by tests of sensitivity (0.96) and specificity (0.91) and had a satisfactory accuracy (92.7%), a positive (10.99), and negative (0.05) likelihood ratio and high values predictive variables, with positive (PPV) 0.84 (high specificity) and negative (VPN) 0.98 (high sensitivity), with a confidence interval of 95%. CONCLUSION: The UERJ criteria is a valid instrument for evaluating the clinical performance of indirect restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The UERJ criteria, developed exclusively for the analysis of indirect restorations, elucidates the details necessary to identify the causes of failures and complications of these restorations.

In vitro evaluation of physicochemical properties of soft lining resins after incorporation of chlorhexidine.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Incorporating chlorhexidine into soft lining materials has been suggested to reduce biofilm development on the material surface and treat denture stomatitis. However, evaluation of the physicochemical properties of this material is necessary. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties of resin-based denture soft lining materials modified with chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two soft lining resins were tested, one based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the other on polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA), into which 0.5%, 1.0%, or 2.0% of CDA was incorporated; the control group had no CDA. The specimens were stored for 2 hours, 48 hours, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days and then analyzed for polymer crystallinity, Shore A hardness, degree of monomer conversion, residual monomer leaching, and CDA release. Data were analyzed by using a 3-way ANOVA and the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: The polymer crystallinity of PEMA and PMMA did not change after CDA incorporation. Shore A hardness increased over time, but not for any CDA concentrations tested after 28 days (P>.05). Considering the degree of conversion, PMMA-based resin showed no statistically significant difference (P>.05). However, PEMA-based resin showed a significant decrease (P<.05), which was reflected in a significant increase in residual monomer leaching from PEMA-based resin with the incorporation of 0.5% and 1.0% CDA (P<.05), mainly in the first 48 hours. PMMA-based resin showed no change in monomer leaching (P>.05). For both resins, the CDA release kinetics were related to monomer leaching; for PEMA-based resin, the values were significantly higher in the first 48 hours (P<.05), and for PMMA-based resin, the values were more sustained up to the last day of analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of CDA did not affect the physicochemical properties of soft resins. The properties of PMMA were better than those of PEMA.

Evaluation of the physical and antifungal effects of chlorhexidine diacetate incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and antifungal activities of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins after the incorporation of chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CDA). METHODOLOGY: First, acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with Vipi Cor® and DuraLay® resins with and without the incorporation of 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% CDA. The residual monomer and CDA release were measured at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 28 days using ultraviolet spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The antifungal activity against C. albicans was evaluated with the agar diffusion method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the degree of resin conversion. Finally, the water sorption values of the resins were also measured. RESULTS: The incorporated CDA concentration significantly changed the rate of CDA release (p<0.0001); however, the brand of the material appeared to have no significant influence on drug release. Subsequently, the inhibition zones were compared between the tested groups and within the same brand, and only the comparisons between the CDA 2% and CDA 1% groups and between the CDA 1% and CDA 0.5% groups failed to yield significant differences. Regarding the degrees of conversion, the differences were not significant and were lower only in the CDA 2% groups. Water sorption was significantly increased at the 1.0% and 2.0% concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the incorporation of CDA into PMMA-based resins enabled the inhibition of C. albicans growth rate, did not alter the degrees of conversion of the tested resins and did not change the release of residual monomers.

Self-cured resin modified by quaternary ammonium methacrylates and chlorhexidine: Cytotoxicity, antimicrobial, physical, and mechanical properties.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the addition of dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and chlorhexidine diacetate on cytotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, physical, and mechanical properties of a self-cured resin. METHODS: 132 disk-shaped and 48 rectangular specimens were divided into four experimental groups as described: Control Group (CG - no addition), dCHX (1%), DMAHDM (5%), and DMAHDM+dCHX (5%+1%). The biofilm viability, flexural strength (FS - ISO 20795-1:2013), surface roughness (SR), and color stability (ΔE) were analyzed after being stored for 4 weeks in distilled water and immersed for 72h in coffee. Cytotoxicity was measured after 24h, 3, and 7 days of elution using an MTT test on L929 cells (ISO 10993-5:2009). SR and ΔE were measured by a contact profilometer and a spectrophotometer using the CIELab parameter. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Bonferroni's/Tukey's tests (p≤0.05). RESULTS: Significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans was detected in all groups when compared to the CG (p<0.05). Only the dCHX group, in 24h of elution, demonstrated no cytotoxicity effects. There was a statistical difference for FS on the tested groups (p<0.05). No differences were detected in the initial roughness' measurements among the groups (p>0.05). However, after storage and immersion in coffee, the groups containing DMAHDM presented with rougher surfaces and significantly lower color stability compared to the control (p<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The addition of dCHX and DMAHDM in self-cured resin presented antimicrobial properties; however, cytotoxicity, physical, and mechanical properties were compromised.

Evaluation of the physical and antifungal effects of chlorhexidine diacetate incorporated into polymethyl methacrylate

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the physical properties and antifungal activities of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) acrylic resins after the incorporation of chlorhexidine diacetate salt (CDA). Methodology: First, acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with Vipi Cor® and DuraLay® resins with and without the incorporation of 0.5%, 1.0% or 2.0% CDA. The residual monomer and CDA release were measured at intervals ranging from 2 hours to 28 days using ultraviolet spectrometry combined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The antifungal activity against C. albicans was evaluated with the agar diffusion method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze the degree of resin conversion. Finally, the water sorption values of the resins were also measured. Results: The incorporated CDA concentration significantly changed the rate of CDA release (p<0.0001); however, the brand of the material appeared to have no significant influence on drug release. Subsequently, the inhibition zones were compared between the tested groups and within the same brand, and only the comparisons between the CDA 2% and CDA 1% groups and between the CDA 1% and CDA 0.5% groups failed to yield significant differences. Regarding the degrees of conversion, the differences were not significant and were lower only in the CDA 2% groups. Water sorption was significantly increased at the 1.0% and 2.0% concentrations. Conclusions: We concluded that the incorporation of CDA into PMMA-based resins enabled the inhibition of C. albicans growth rate, did not alter the degrees of conversion of the tested resins and did not change the release of residual monomers.

Do Oblique Cyclic Loads Influence the Tensile Strength of Different Morse Taper Connection Abutments?

PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the behavior of abutments attached to Morse taper connection implants, with and without internal index, against oblique cyclic loads. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty test pieces composed of abutments connected to Morse taper implants solely by friction action were subdivided into two groups (n = 10): group NI (no index) and group I (index). The test units were submitted to tensile tests, before and after cycling loads. Paired t tests were used for intragroup data at different times, and independent t tests were used for the comparisons between the groups. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in both the groups when the precycling and postcycling tensile values were compared. In the comparison between the no index and index groups, there was no statistically significant difference in precycling and postcycling tests. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, it can be concluded that the cyclic loads increased the tensile strength of abutments on Morse taper implants regardless of the index presence. On the other hand, the presence of an index did not significantly alter the values of tensile tests, before and after cyclic loads.

Evaluation of polymethyl methacrylate containing chlorhexidine: A randomized, controlled, split-mouth in situ study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the antimicrobial action and elemental composition of chlorhexidine (CHX) diacetate in acrylic resins based on PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) in situ. In addition, ex vivo evaluation of the CHX release mechanism was performed over a 14-day period. METHODS: Three discs of PMMA incorporating CHX and three control discs were mounted on individual oral splints and exposed to the oral cavity of 32 participants for 24 hours. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the plate count method. In the second test, elemental analysis of the specimens (n = 10) was performed by X-ray fluorescence before and after use of the device. Chlorhexidine release over a 14-day period was evaluated ex vivo in saliva samples collected from five individuals through proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( ¹H NMR) (500 MHz). RESULTS: Bacterial adhesion, evaluated by the plate count method, did not differ between the experimental material and control. (P> 0.05) The presence of the CHX molecule was detected by X-ray fluorescence before and after insertion of discs containing CHX into the oral cavity of participants. With regard to release, CHX was detected in saliva samples for 14 days and highest during the first 24 hours. When partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied in ¹H NMR, we observed a greater difference between the test and control groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The sustained release of CHX from PMMA suggests that such materials may be convenient for reducing the development of biofilm on the surface of the material for use in dentures and temporary restorative materials.

Edentulism in Brazil: trends, projections and expectations until 2040.

The aim of this study was to examine the edentulism rates in Brazil and make projections for the next years. Data were collected from three national oral health surveys. The percentage of edentulous jaws was calculated. Projections were made for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040, assuming that edentulism follows a logistic function. Population projections were also performed. Annual change in proportion of edentulous jaws was -0.04% for teenagers, -0.96% for adults and 0.76% for the elderly. By 2040, edentulous jaws will be virtually zero among teenagers, 1.77% among adults and 85.96% among the elderly. Teenagers will slightly decrease in number; adults will increase and subsequently decrease; the elderly will continue to increase. In teenagers and adults, the number of edentulous jaws will decrease, being approximately 616,000 in 2040. In the elderly, it will increase alarmingly, reaching over 64 million in 2040. Edentulism is declining in Brazil among teenagers and middle-aged adults, but is still increasing and will continue to increase for the next decades among the elderly.

Edentulism in Brazil: trends, projections and expectations until 2040 / Edentulismo no Brasil: tendências, projeções e expectativas até 2040

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the edentulism rates in Brazil and make projections for the next years. Data were collected from three national oral health surveys. The percentage of edentulous jaws was calculated. Projections were made for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040, assuming that edentulism follows a logistic function. Population projections were also performed. Annual change in proportion of edentulous jaws was -0.04% for teenagers, -0.96% for adults and 0.76% for the elderly. By 2040, edentulous jaws will be virtually zero among teenagers, 1.77% among adults and 85.96% among the elderly. Teenagers will slightly decrease in number; adults will increase and subsequently decrease; the elderly will continue to increase. In teenagers and adults, the number of edentulous jaws will decrease, being approximately 616,000 in 2040. In the elderly, it will increase alarmingly, reaching over 64 million in 2040. Edentulism is declining in Brazil among teenagers and middle-aged adults, but is still increasing and will continue to increase for the next decades among the elderly.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar as taxas de edentulismo no Brasil e fazer projeções para os próximos anos. Os dados foram coletados de três censos nacionais de saúde bucal. O percentual de arcadas edêntulas foi calculado. Foram feitas projeções para 2020, 2030 e 2040, assumindo que o edentulismo segue uma função logística. Também foram realizadas projeções populacionais. A variação anual da proporção de arcadas edêntulas foi de -0,04% para jovens, -0,96% para adultos e 0,76% para idosos. Até 2040, o percentual de arcadas edêntulas será virtualmente zero entre jovens, 1,77% entre adultos e 85,96% entre idosos. O número de jovens vai diminuir levemente; o de adultos vai aumentar e depois diminuir; e o de idosos vai continuar aumentando. Para jovens e adultos, o número de arcadas edêntulas vai diminuir, aproximando-se de 616.000 em 2040. Para os idosos, este número vai aumentar alarmantemente, alcançando mais de 64 milhões em 2040. O edentulismo está diminuindo no Brasil entre jovens e adultos, mas está aumentando e continuará a aumentar nas próximas décadas entre os idosos.

Planning and treatment in oral rehabilitation with implant-supported prostheses using cephalometric analysis / Planejamento e tratamento em reabilitação oral com próteses sobre implantes usando análise cefalométrica

There are growing prosthetic and esthetic demands for Oral Rehabilitations on osseointegratable implants, requiring precise prosthetic-surgical planning. In edentulous patients planning may be done using cephalometric analysis to determine the position of the teeth in the dental prosthesis, and consequently, those of the implants. In this clinical case, the planning and treatment of an oral implant-supported rehabilitation is described, using cephalometry to optimize prosthetic success and patient comfort. The patient presented complete mandibular and partial maxillary edentulism, with unsatisfactory esthetics and function of the anterior teeth, with accentuated vestibular inclination. In order to determine the correct position of maxillary teeth it was necessary to use a Steiner cephalometric tracing to position the maxillary central incisor in the diagnostic wax-up. Therefore, the maxillary anterior teeth were extracted, osseointegratable implants were placed (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brazil), and an immediate temporary fixed denture was inserted. After 30 days, surgery was performed for the placement of 4 osseointegratable implants (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brazil) in the inter-mentonian region, on which a complete, temporary, implant-supported denture was placed. After the period of osseointegration, the definitive implant-supported dental prosthesis were fabricated.

Reabilitações orais sobre implantes osteointegráveis enfrentam crescentes exigências protéticas e estéticas, necessitando de um planejamento protético-cirúrgico preciso. O planejamento em pacientes edêntulos pode ser realizado usando análise cefalométrica para determinar o posicionamento dos dentes na prótese e conseqüentemente dos implantes. Esse caso clínico descreve o planejamento e tratamento de uma reabilitação oral sobre implantes usando análise cefalométrica para otimizar o sucesso protético assim como o conforto do paciente. Paciente apresentando edentulismo total mandibular e parcial maxilar com elementos anteriores insatisfatórios estética e funcionalmente, com inclinação vestibular acentuada. Para a determinação do correto posicionamento dos elementos superiores foi necessário a utilização de traçado cefalométrico de Steiner para o posicionamento do incisivo central superior no enceramento diagnóstico. Dessa forma, foi realizado exodontia dos elementos anteriores superiores, instalação de implantes osteointegraveis (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brasil) e instalação de prótese fixa provisória imediata. Após 30 dias, foi realizada cirurgia para instalação de 4 implantes osteointegráveis (Neodent(r), Curitiba, Brasil) na região intermentoniana, sobre os quais foi instalada uma prótese total implanto-suportada inferior provisória. Após período de osteointegração, as próteses sobre implantes definitivas foram confeccionadas.

The use of CAD/CAM technology to fabricate a custom ceramic implant abutment: a clinical report.

Well-placed dental implants are a prerequisite of functional and esthetically successful dental implant-supported crowns. The presence of soft tissue is essential for excellent esthetics because the dental implant or titanium abutment may become visible if the soft-tissue contour is not acceptable. This clinical report describes the use of a custom ceramic implant abutment designed with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technology by milling a zirconia framework that was cemented extraorally to a prefabricated titanium abutment with a reduced diameter. This ceramic abutment has the strength and precise fit of a titanium interface and also the esthetic advantages of shaded custom-milled zirconia, with no visible metal.

Expressão de citocinas na saliva de pacientes com peri-implantite / Cytokine expression in saliva from patients with peri-implantitis

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os níveis de GM-CSF,IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ e TNF-α na saliva de pacientes que apresentam peri-implantite comparados com indivíduos que apresentam mucosite peri-implantar; 22 pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos: mucosite (MU n = 12, média de idade de 65 ± 9,4, sendo dois homens e dez mulheres) totalizando 36 implantes de hexágono externo e plataforma regular em mandíbula e peri-implantite (PI n = 10, média de idade de 59,4 ± 11,8, sendo quatro homens e seis mulheres), totalizando 30 implantes de hexágono externo e plataforma regular em mandíbula. Os parâmetros clínicos avaliados foram: profundidade de bolsa, índice de placa e sangramento a sondagem. Foi realizada a coleta de saliva não estimulada e saliva do ducto da parótida. As amostras foram submetidas à análise imunológica e os níveis de GM-CSF,IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ e TNF-α foram mensurados através da técnica de multianálise. Os resultados clínicos demonstraram que os pacientes com PI apresentaram maior índice de placa em relação aos com MU (100% e 80% respectivamente; p = 0,02). Os pacientes com MU apresentaram menor profundidade de bolsa em relação aos sítios rasos e profundos dos pacientes com PI (p = 0,001 e p ≤ 0,001, respectivamente). Na saliva do ducto da parótida, os níveis de IL-8 foram significativamente mais altos nos pacientes com PI em relação aos com MU (p = 0,04). A saliva do ducto da parótida apresentou um aumento significativo na expressão da IL-8 e IL-12, não detectado na saliva total.

This study aimed to measure GM-CSF, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels in whole saliva from patients with Mucositis (MU) and periimlantitis (PI). Twenty-two completely edentulous patients (16 women, 6 men) participated in this study. They use a complete, mandibular supported prosthesis with five external hexagon regular platform fixtures for at least six months. Patients were divided into two groups: mucositis (MU = 2 men and 10 women; mean age 65.0 ± 9.4 years), and peri-implantitis (PI= 4 men and 6 women; mean age 59.4±11.8 years). The clinical parameters evaluated were probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque score (PS). Samples were collected and cytokines were measured by a multiplexed bead immunoassay. PI patients had a higher percentage of PS when compared to those with MU (p = 0.02). The MU patients had lower PPD compared to shallow (p = 0.001) and deep sites (p ≤ 0.001) in PI patients. IL-8 and IL-12 levels were significantly higher in patients with PI (p = 0.04) than MU at parotid sites. The saliva from the parotid duct showed a significant increase in expression of IL-8 and IL-12 levels not detected in the whole salivary composition

Dimensional changes in gypsum fragments bonded with cyanoacrylate.

PURPOSE: Accidental fractures may occur during manipulation and transportation of plaster casts. In clinical practice, plaster fragments may be bonded without harming the accuracy of the final denture, provided that the bonding agent does not cause dimensional alterations. Cyanoacrylate could be a good material because of its ease of use, quick set, wide availability, and low cost. The aim of this study was to assess the dimensional alteration of Type IV plaster fragments bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten hexagonal regular prisms were made of Type IV plaster, with two reference marks on one of the faces. The distance between the marks was measured under a comparison microscope. After this, the prisms were fractured so that the fracture line would be between the two reference marks, bonded with a cyanoacrylate-based universal adhesive and measured again. RESULTS: The mean difference between the measurements performed before and after fracture and bonding of the fragments was 0.0194 mm. At a level of significance of 0.05, there was no statistically significant difference between the measurements before and after fracture and bonding of the dies (p = 0.1582). CONCLUSION: It may be concluded that bonding of Type IV plaster fragments with a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive did not cause significant dimensional alterations.

A rationale method for evaluating unscrewing torque values of prosthetic screws in dental implants.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies that evaluated the torque needed for removing dental implant screws have not considered the manner of transfer of the occlusal loads in clinical settings. Instead, the torque used for removal was applied directly to the screw, and most of them omitted the possibility that the hexagon could limit the action of the occlusal load in the loosening of the screws. The present study proposes a method for evaluating the screw removal torque in an anti-rotational device independent way, creating an unscrewing load transfer to the entire assembly, not only to the screw. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty hexagonal abutments without the hexagon in their bases were fixed with a screw to 20 dental implants. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 used titanium screws and Group 2 used titanium screws covered with a solid lubricant. A torque of 32 Ncm was applied to the screw and then a custom-made wrench was used for rotating the abutment counterclockwise, to loosen the screw. A digital torque meter recorded the torque required to loosen the abutment. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the means of Group 1 (38.62 ± 6.43 Ncm) and Group 2 (48.47 ± 5.04 Ncm), with p=0.001. CONCLUSION: This methodology was effective in comparing unscrewing torque values of the implant-abutment junction even with a limited sample size. It confirmed a previously shown significant difference between two types of screws.

A rationale method for evaluating unscrewing torque values of prosthetic screws in dental implants

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies that evaluated the torque needed for removing dental implant screws have not considered the manner of transfer of the occlusal loads in clinical settings. Instead, the torque used for removal was applied directly to the screw, and most of them omitted the possibility that the hexagon could limit the action of the occlusal load in the loosening of the screws. The present study proposes a method for evaluating the screw removal torque in an anti-rotational device independent way, creating an unscrewing load transfer to the entire assembly, not only to the screw. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty hexagonal abutments without the hexagon in their bases were fixed with a screw to 20 dental implants. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 used titanium screws and Group 2 used titanium screws covered with a solid lubricant. A torque of 32 Ncm was applied to the screw and then a custom-made wrench was used for rotating the abutment counterclockwise, to loosen the screw. A digital torque meter recorded the torque required to loosen the abutment. RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the means of Group 1 (38.62±6.43 Ncm) and Group 2 (48.47±5.04 Ncm), with p=0.001. CONCLUSION: This methodology was effective in comparing unscrewing torque values of the implant-abutment junction even with a limited sample size. It confirmed a previously shown significant difference between two types of screws.

Influência das propriedades de superfícies dos implantes com as respostas dos tecidos moles e formação de biofilme / The influence of implant surface properties with soft tissue response and biofilm formation

Uma conexão estável entre a superfície de titânio do implante e os tecidos bucais a sua volta é um importante pré-requisito para o seu sucesso a longo prazo. Assim, tal superfície deve possuir propriedades que minimizem a colonização por microrganismos patogênicos da cavidade oral ao mesmo tempo em que permita boa adesão dos tecidos bucais. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão da literatura que buscasse relacionar as diferentes propriedades de superfícies dos implantes e suas características com as respostas dos tecidos moles peri-implantares, bem como com a formação de biofilme sobre sua superfície. Estudos in vitro e in vivo indicaram que a rugosidade e a textura de superfície do implante influenciam em adesão, orientação, proliferação, metabolismo das células epiteliais e células de tecido conjuntivo. Foi descrito também que a rugosidade superficial e a molhabilidade têm um impacto significativo na formação de biofilme, sendo que a influência da rugosidade foi dita como sendo mais significativa do que a molhabilidade. Sendo assim, nota-se que a otimização das superfícies dos implantes ainda é necessária. Tornando-se importante analisar o papel das propriedades de diferentes superfícies com relação à composição química e à microestrutura, avaliando o desempenho biológico dos diferentes tratamentos de superfícies e as propriedades químicas que eles promovem na superfície dos implantes dentários.

A stable connection between the titanium surface and the oral tissue around them is an important prerequisite for long-term dental implant success. Thus, this surface should minimize the bacterial colonization while allowing a good adhesion of the oral tissues. The aim of this study was to review the literature and to relate the properties of implant surfaces and their characteristics with the responses of oral soft tissues around implants, as well as the biofilm formation on its surface. In vitro and in vivo studies indicated that the roughness and texture of the implant surface influences the adhesion, orientation, proliferation, and metabolism of epithelial cells and connective tissue. It was also described that the surface roughness and wettability, have a significant impact on the biofilm formation, but the influence of roughness was said to be more significant than the wettability. In summary, it appears that an optimization of implant surfaces is still necessary. It is therefore important to systematically evaluate the role of different surface properties (chemical composition as well as microstructure) and to assess the biological performance of different implant materials.

The need for complete dentures in Brazil: an epidemiological approach for the next 10 years

The only two censuses on oral health (Levantamento Epidemiológico em Saúde Bucal em 1986 e Projeto em Saúde Bucal de 2003) show a tendency in the reduction of edentulous patients in Brazil. The aim of this article was to estimate the variation in rates of the need for dentures in Brazil in 2010 and 2020. The projection was obtained from a linear variation carried out between the 1986 and 2003 censuses. A formula was used to calculate the result, which showed a strong trend in the decline of the number of edentulous patients until 2020. After the result analyses, it was found that by 2020 the need for complete denture for people between 15 and 74 years old will be none. Unfortunately, the only two censuses on oral health do not give us sufficient data to show a reliable projection of edentulous patients in Brazil

Análise do método de Willis na determinação da dimensão vertical de oclusão / Analysis of Willis' method on determining vertical dimension of occlusion

O presente trabalho avaliou o método de Willis na determinação da dimensão vertical em 39 indivíduos dentados, com idade entre 19 e 45 anos. Uma forte correlação foi observada entre o terço médio da face e a DVR (r=0,73, p = 0,000) e, entre o terço médio e a DVO (r = 0,74, p = 0.000). Não houve diferença significante entre o terço médio e a DVO (p=0.11), contudo foram observadas diferenças entre o terço médio e a DVR (p =0,000), e entre a DVO e a DVR (p = 0.000). A análise estatística indicou que o método de Willis foi adequado na determinação da dimensão vertical de oclusão.

Incidência de lesöes cervicais näo cariosas em estudantes de odontologia e sua relaçäo com aspectos oclusais / The incidence of non-carious cervical lesions in dental students and its relationship with occlusal conditions

Foram avaliados, por um período de 3 anos, 40 estudantes de odontologia, com idades variando entre 16 e 22 anos, para verificar a presença de lesöes cervicais näo cariosas e sua relaçäo com alguns aspectos oclusais. Os resultados, que sugeriram a existência de uma relaçäo entre o desenvolvimento das lesöes e a presença de hábitos oclusais parafuncionais, indicaram que: (1) dos 40 estudantes analisados, 29 apresentaram pelo menos um dente com lesäo cervical näo cariosa, com uma incidência de 11 novos estudantes com lesöes no período de avaliaçäo; (2) de 1131 dentes avaliados, 121 apresentaram lesöes cervicais näo cariosas com, uma incidência de 57 novos dentes com lesöes no período de avaliaçäo; (3) os primeiros molares inferiores, os primeiros pré-molares inferiores, os segundos pré-molares inferiores e os primeiros molares superiores foram os dentes mais atingidos pela ocorrência das lesöes; (4) dos 121 dentes com lesöes, 105 (86,8 por cento) apresentavam facetas de desgaste, indicativas de hábitos oclusais parafuncionais, sendo que a presença prévia de facetas de desgaste nos dentes que desenvolveram novas lesöes pôde ser comprovada do ponto de vista estatístico