Scoping Review of Interventional Studies in Chronic Disease for Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino Populations in the United States.

Native Hawaiians (NHs), Pacific Islanders (PIs), and Filipinos experience health disparities in the United States (US) and need interventions that work for them. The purpose of this paper is to present a review of interventions designed to address chronic disease in Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino populations in the US that were tested for clinical impact through a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Articles were identified through a search of 4 databases, citation chasing, and colleagues. The 23 included articles reported on 21 interventions addressing 4 chronic conditions-cancer, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. All projects were guided by advisory groups, and all interventions were theory-based and tailored to the population, with culturally- and language-appropriate educational materials delivered by same-race individuals in familiar church, club, or home settings. About half were tested through cluster RCT. The majority of the interventions were successful, confirming the value of developing and delivering interventions in partnership with community. Given the growing numbers of NHs, PIs, and Filipinos in the US, more investigational studies are needed to develop and test culturally tailored and grounded interventions that meet the health needs of these populations.

Utilizing Filipino key informants to guide community outreach for cancer prevention in Hawai'i.

OBJECTIVE/DESIGN: The University of Hawai'i Cancer Center works with academic and community partners to examine health disparities and inequities that persist among Pacific Island Populations through the Pacific Island Partnership for Cancer Health Equity (PIPCHE). The Partnership's Community Outreach Core (COC) assists and promotes cancer research and helps to ensure the integration of historically excluded community perspectives by utilizing community-engaged and culturally-grounded approaches to reduce cancer burdens. However, cancer health disparities among Filipinos demonstrate a need for cancer-control initiatives within this community. SAMPLE/MEASUREMENTS: COC staff conducted five semi-structured key informant interviews with Filipino nurse and healthcare leaders in Hawai'i to establishpartnerships with the community, as well as provide community-driven guidance for future cancer prevention and control efforts. RESULTS: The informants provided recommendations for COC community engagement, relationship building, and future areas of directed cancer focus. The interviews also initiated relationship-building and community collaborations for directed cancer education and resources within Filipino communities. CONCLUSION: The themes uncovered from the interviews provided guidance on how to begin addressing cancer concerns, and led to the informants' subsequent membership in our Outreach Advisory Council to engage in future collaboration with the Filipino community and a framework for future community-engaged cancer prevention efforts.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Guam Residents towards Cancer Clinical Trial Participation.

(1) Background: Currently there are no cancer clinical trials in Guam, where CHamoru people suffer the highest rates of cancer mortality, and interest to do so is growing. This study investigated the knowledge and attitudes of Guam residents towards cancer clinical trial participation prior to implementation. (2) Methods: A telephone survey was developed, tested, and conducted among Guam resident adults, 18 years of age and older. Survey questions were summarized by descriptive statistics. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations between Guam residents' demographics and their clinical trial knowledge and attitudes. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. (3) Results: One hundred fifty-two people participated in the survey, most of whom were CHamoru (47.0%). Fifty-three percent had heard the term 'clinical trial'; 73.7% would take part in a trial if they had cancer; and 59.9% believed they would receive good quality treatment from a trial offered in Guam. CHamoru were more likely than Whites to associate out-of-pocket expenses with clinical trial participation (aOR = 5.34, 95% CI = 1.68-17.00). Physician ethnicity was important to 30% of non-Whites and significantly associated with those who spoke a language other than English (aOR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.29-8.95). Most people (65.0%) did not believe clinical trials participants were 'guinea pigs'. (4) Conclusion: Though knowledge about cancer clinical trials is limited, attitudes were primarily positive towards participating in cancer clinical trials offered in Guam. Future delivery of cancer clinical trials will benefit from identifying potential barriers to recruitment and adopting an approach suited to Guam's population.