[A Case of Granulocyte-Colony Stimulating Factor Producing Breast Cancer That Caused Rapid Progression].

We report a case of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor(G-CSF)producing breast cancer in a 54-year-old woman. Eight months after surgery, multiple liver and pulmonary metastases appeared. They progressed rapidly in 2 weeks and she had a high fever of 38 degrees. Serum G-CSF was high, and positive cells were found by immunostaining of the primary tumor. Chemotherapy was initially successful but she died 4 months after relapse.

[A case of quadruple cancer of the liver, stomach, bladder, and ureter].

A 67-year-old man with bladder cancer who was treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour(TUR-Bt)and chemotherapy at the age of 59 years was diagnosed as having urothelial cancer by biopsy 8 years later. Detailed examination revealed the presence of synchronous triple cancer, with hepatocellular cancer and gastric cancer. Subsequently, semi-total gastrectomy, partial hepatectomy(S6), radio frequency ablation(S5, S7), and cholecystectomy were performed. Histologically, the gastric tumor was a moderately differentiated tubular adenocarcinoma, the hepatic tumor was a moderately differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma, the bladder tumor was a transitional cell carcinoma, and the ureteral tumor was an urothelial carcinoma.

Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the pelvic cavity: case report.

Extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (E-GISTs) not associated with the alimentary tract in the pelvic cavity are extremely rare. We treated a 49-year-old Japanese man with such an E-GIST in the pelvic cavity who underwent an intrapelvic tumorectomy with a total prostatectomy and partial rectum resection. Gross examination of the specimen revealed an 8.1 × 5 × 4 cm white-grayish mass. Histological findings showed uniform spindle cells with scant atypia that formed interlacing bundles or whorl patterns. These neoplastic cells did not invade adjacent organs, including the gut. Immunohistochemical findings revealed that the neoplastic cells were positive for c-kit, CD34, and vimentin. Molecular analysis showed a c-kit mutation at exon 9 with duplication of Ala and Tyr. Our diagnosis was E-GIST, which belongs to the intermediate group of GIST. Following the operation, we administered imatinib mesylate for 6 months. After stopping for 5 months, it was administered again for local recurrence. We are planning our future strategy for this case including surgical resection as necessary.

Immunohistochemical analyses of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, CD44s, and CD44v6 expressions, and Ki-67 labeling index in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas and associated invasive carcinomas.

We examined the expressions of adhesion molecules (E-cadherin, beta-catenin, CD44s, and CD44v6) and Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) in low- and moderate-grade dysplasia and invasive carcinoma components in ten noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas and eight invasive carcinomas associated with IPMNs of the pancreas using immunohistochemical methods. There was no significant difference in regard to the proportion of components expressing either E-cadherin or beta-catenin in more than 70% of the tumor cells between the low- and moderate-grade dysplasia components. In contrast, the proportion of those in invasive carcinoma components was significantly lower than in low- or moderate-grade dysplasia components. Also, there was no significant difference in the proportion of components expressing CD44s or CD44v6 in more than 5% of tumor cells among low-grade dysplasia, moderate-grade dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma components. In contrast, the Ki-67 LI values increased in the order of low-grade dysplasia, moderate-grade dysplasia, and invasive carcinoma components, with significant differences among them. The present results indicate that carcinoma components are associated with a decrease in tumor cells expressing E-cadherin and beta-catenin and have the highest proliferative activity.

[Clinical significance of intratumoral TS levels and DPD activity in breast cancer].

We evaluated the usefulness of the level of thymidylate synthase(TS)and dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase(DPD) activity as prognostic factors and indicators for selection of chemotherapy regimens. Between November 1997 and March 1999, fifty-seven patients with stages I - IIIa primary breast cancer were registered. Using recurrence risk categories, they were classified into TAM monotherapy, TAM+oral 5-FU, and TAM+CMF groups(each were standard regimens at the time), and underwent postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The relationship between prognosis and the TS level and DPD activity, in addition to conventional risk factors, was examined. The recurrence-free survival time curve showed significant differences when stratified by tumor diameter, ER expression, and TS levels, but not by menopausal status, nodal status, surgical method, p53 expression, DPD activity, or HER2 expression. These results suggest that the TS level is useful as a prognostic factor for breast cancer.

Undifferentiated carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells arising in a mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas.

A 26-year-old woman presented with pain in the left hypochondrium, for which pancreatectomy and splenectomy was performed, with total gross excision of a mass. A tumor measuring 11 x 9 cm was found in the pancreas. On cut surface there were two cysts filled with a necrotic substance and hemorrhagic content. Spindle or ovoid-shaped cells, in the sarcomatous component, had diffusely infiltrated along the inner side of the walls of one cyst. Osteoclast-like giant cells (OGC) were also contained in the sarcomatous component. Adenoma components of mucinous epithelium with foci of borderline and adenocarcinomatous components were seen on the inner side of the other cyst. An ovarian-type stroma beneath the epithelial component was seen in the cyst wall. A diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma with OGC arising in a mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN) of the pancreas, was made. Seven months after the initial operation the patient had a local recurrence, and the tumor was removed. One month after the second operation, the patient was free of symptoms. Only four cases of undifferentiated carcinoma with OGC arising in MCN, involving an ovarian-type stroma of the pancreas, have been reported.

[Complete histological response in gastric cancer stage IV after neoadjuvant chemotherapy including S-1 combined with CDDP--report of a case].

A 60-year-old man complaining of black stool, body weight loss, and anemia, was examined and diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer (M, type 3, por 2, cT3, cN3, cH0, cP0, cM0, cStage IV). A poor prognosis was predicted, yet we tried neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) expecting downstaging of the tumor. Considering the efficacy and safety, we chose S-1+CDDP as the NAC regimen. S-1 (120 mg/day) was administered orally for 21 days, followed by CDDP (75 mg/body) div on day 8. Distal partial gastrectomy and lymph node dissection (D2) were performed, with Billroth I reconstruction. Histological examination of the resected stomach and lymph nodes revealed no residual cancer cells, suggesting complete histological remission (grade 3) according to the Japanese classification of gastric carcinoma.

Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with signet-ring cell carcinoma in a hyperplastic polyp of the stomach: report of a case.

Hyperplastic polyps (HPs) of the stomach have been reported to be mostly benign. However, in rare cases, carcinomas have been found in HPs. We treated a 59-year-old Japanese male who underwent a total gastrectomy, and a gross examination of the resected stomach revealed a 4.8 x 3.8-cm polyp on the greater curvature of the antrum and multiple small polyps in the whole gastric mucosa. Histologically, the large polyp consisted mainly of hyperplastic foveolar epithelium, while the presence of variously colored lobules demonstrated a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma mixed with signet-ring cell carcinoma. Hyperplastic polyps should therefore be carefully examined microscopically as a polypectomy specimen and in resected stomach specimens.

Pulmonary pleomorphic carcinoma producing hCG.

An 80-year-old woman with a pleomorphic carcinoma (PC) producing hCG was admitted to Nippon Steel Hirohata Hospital because of an abnormal shadow on CT seen during a follow-up examination after surgery for breast cancer. A right upper lobectomy was performed due to rapid growth of the shadow 3 months later. Macroscopically the tumor was a 4.8 x 4.0 cm well-circumscribed grayish-white mass. On histology the tumor consisted mostly of intermingled spindle and polygonal cells, while evidence of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was seen in a few areas. A diagnosis of PC was made due to hCG expression in approximately 20% of the spindle and polygonal cells on immunohistology. Six months after the operation metastasis to the liver and adrenal gland was seen on CT. The patient died due to metastases 1 year after the operation, even though the patient had been at stage 1B at the time of the operation and appropriate chemotherapy had been given. PC patients with immunohistochemical hCG expression have elevated risk of local recurrence and metastasis.