Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst: A case series.

Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) is a distinct and an uncommon odontogenic cyst of jaw. It was previously considered as orthokeratinized variant of Odontogenic Keratocyst, owing to its same site, age and occurrence and origin. In 2017 WHO classified OOC under odontogenic cysts as a distinct entity, clearly separating it from Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC). In cases of malignant transformation, the cyst shows unclear boundaries. The cases that reported to the department during the period 2019-2021 were retrieved and then reviewed by the authors. A total of 7 cases that met the histopathological criteria for OOC were included in the study. There was a clear male predilection. Age of patients ranged between 17 to 65 years. Most of cases showed Unilocular radiolucency but one case revealed Multilocular pattern. Grossly specimens ranged between 0.5 cm to 3.0cms. Histopathological findings showed all classic features of OOC. FNAC was also done and it is clearly evident that the use of Cytology can help us diagnose the cyst early and is a less invasive method. OOC is a rare type of odontogenic cyst, but while making the diagnosis one should not forget about the fact that it is less aggressive and needs to be differentiated from OKC. Majority times it has been seen that Clinico-radiographic diagnosis given of any circumscribed radiolucency around an impacted tooth is Dentigerous cyst, which is not correct. Diagnosing such lesions require thorough histopathological and radiographical correlation along with molecular analysis to reach final diagnosis.

Prevalence, knowledge, and attitude of gutkha chewing among school children of Arsikere, India.

AIMS: To assess the prevalence, knowledge, and attitude of gutkha chewing among school children of Arsikere, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two thousand school children aged between 10 and 15 years were examined with individual interviews along with a questionnaire to evaluate the presence of betel nut and paan chewing habit in various forms. Children of both sexes were included in the study. Responses of all study population and the association between dependent and explanatory variables were assessed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Twenty-eight percent of children had the habit of gutkha chewing, more among boys than girls at the ratio of 4:1 which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The habit was more common in government school children than private school children; over 70% of children believed that it is a bad habit, but half the study population was not aware of side effects; 30% of children believed that it is not a bad habit and has no side effects. CONCLUSION: There is a higher prevalence of gutkha chewing habit in school children who are not aware of the side effects. Children themselves purchase the gutkha and betel nut sachets, hence the Government should ban the sale and purchase by children.

An update on studies on etiological factors, disease progression, and malignant transformation in oral submucous fibrosis.

Worldwide estimates of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) show a confinement to Indians and Southeast Asians. In India, the prevalence of OSMF has increased over the past four decades from 0.03% to 6.42%. The condition is well recognized for its malignant potential rate of 7-30%. The condition has a multifactorial etiology and may remain either stationary or become severe, leaving an individual physically challenged both physically and psychologically. Hence, the study aims at reviewing studies done on various etiological factors leading to its onset. Their analysis may serve as an adjunct in defining the broad spectrum of the causation of this potentially malignant disorder.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among fishermen of Kutch coast, Gujarat, India.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among fishermen population in the coastal region of Kutch, Gujarat, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among the 979 fishermen of Kutch District, Gujarat, India. The proforma included information on demographic details, habits (tobacco and alcohol), oral hygiene practices and presence and location of oral mucosal lesions according to World Health Organisation, 2013. Chi-square test was used for comparisons. Confidence level and p-value were set at 95% and 5%, respectively. RESULTS: The majority of study population consumed tobacco and alcohol (88.1%) in some or the other form and used chewsticks (42.9%) for cleaning their teeth. Amongst all, 30.03% of the study subjects suffered from oral mucosal lesions. Leukoplakia (13.8%) was found to be the most prevalent lesion. The most affected sites were lips and vermillion border. The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was found to be significantly associated with age, gender, oral hygiene practices and adverse habits. CONCLUSIONS: Oral mucosal lesions were prevalent among 30.03% of the study population. More detailed studies probing this issue should be conducted and efforts should be directed towards primordial prevention of the conditions.

Assessment of intelligence quotient among schoolchildren of fishermen community of Kutch, Gujarat, India.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The aim of the study was to assess the intelligence quotient of fishermen school children of Kutch, Gujarat, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 8 to 10 years old school children living in Kutch District, Gujarat, India, from January to February 2013. Seguin Form Board Test was used to assess the intelligence quotient (IQ) level of children. Means of groups were compared by independent student t-test. Stepwise multiple linear regression was used to identify predictors for IQ. RESULTS: The mean average timing taken by fishermen school children to complete the test was 30.64 ± 4.97. Males had significantly lower mean timing scores than females (p < 0.05). Participants with severe dental fluorosis, low socio-economic status (SES), lower education level of both mother and father and those who were overweight had significantly higher mean timing scores for average category. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested a low IQ among fishermen school children community of Kutch, Gujarat, India. The major factors which influenced their IQ were dental fluorosis, low SES, low education level of parents and high body mass index.

Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among 12-15 years old school children of Udaipur, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 887 subjects aged 12-15 years. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs was assessed using dental aesthetic index (World Health Organization, 1997). General information on demographic data was also recorded. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and Scheffe's test were employed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need was reported among 33.3% of the study subjects. A significant age and gender difference depicting preponderance among younger age group and a male proclivity was experiential. A significant improvement in anterior crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity with age was documented. Males had a significantly higher prevalence of anterior crowding, midline diastema and largest anterior maxillary irregularity than females. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs among school children of Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India was found to be 33.3%. A significant age and gender difference was observed in prevalence of malocclusion, crowding and largest anterior maxillary irregularity. Midline diastema showed a significant gender difference. The baseline information outlined in the present study can be appropriately utilized for the future planning to meet the orthodontic treatment need among the population.

Comparative assessment of Oral Hygiene and Periodontal status among children who have Poliomyelitis at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India

Objective: To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among children with Poliomyelitis having upper limb disability, lower limb disability and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Study design: Total sample comprised of 344 Poliomyelitis children (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 32.9%) in the age group of 12-15 years. Clinical examination included recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: The mean OHI-S (2.52±1.05) score was found to be highest among children who had both upper and lower limb disability (p<0.05). The highest and lowest mean number of healthy sextants were found among those with only lower limb disability (4.53±2.05) and among those with both upper and lower limb disability (0.77±1.39), respectively (p<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictor for oral hygiene and periodontal status was limb involved in the disability. Conclusion: The results of the study depicted an overall poor oral hygiene and periodontal status of the group. It was recognized that limbs involved in the disability had an impact on the oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The situation in this specialized population draws immediate attention for an integrated approach in improving the oral health and focus towards extensive research (AU)

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Comparative assessment of oral hygiene and periodontal status among children who have Poliomyelitis at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the oral hygiene and periodontal status among children with Poliomyelitis having upper limb disability, lower limb disability and both upper and lower disability at Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. STUDY DESIGN: Total sample comprised of 344 Poliomyelitis children (upper limb disability: 33.4%; lower limb disability: 33.7%; both upper and lower limb disability: 32.9%) in the age group of 12-15 years. Clinical examination included recording Simplified Oral Hygiene Index and Community Periodontal Index. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple logistic and stepwise linear regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean OHI-S (2.52 ± 1.05) score was found to be highest among children who had both upper and lower limb disability (p<0.05). The highest and lowest mean number of healthy sextants were found among those with only lower limb disability (4.53 ± 2.05) and among those with both upper and lower limb disability (0.77 ± 1.39), respectively (p<0.05). Stepwise multiple linear and multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the best predictor for oral hygiene and periodontal status was limb involved in the disability. CONCLUSION: The results of the study depicted an overall poor oral hygiene and periodontal status of the group. It was recognized that limbs involved in the disability had an impact on the oral hygiene and periodontal condition. The situation in this specialized population draws immediate attention for an integrated approach in improving the oral health and focus towards extensive research.